Lex Mercatoria, derechos humanos y crisis pandémica: cómo el libre comercio y la protección de inversiones pueden afectar el patrimonio público y el derecho al agua en el contexto COVID-19 Echaide, Javier Iñigo El marco histórico de la globalización neoliberal sirvió para el incremento de un entramado jurídico de reglas que protegen al capital transnacional en su proceso de acumulación a escala planetaria, a la caza de casi dos billones de dólares que dan la vuelta al mundo en forma de inversión extranjera directa y que, en ausencia de un tratado multilateral único o de una institución mundial que regule ese flujo de dinero, recaen en tratados bilaterales cuya aplicación e interpretación de las normas jurídicas aplicables suelen carecer de coherencia y de transparencia (Petersmann, 2009).

Seamless low-temperature thermochronological modeling in Andino 3D, towards integrated structural and thermal simulations Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo; Sánchez Nassif, Francisco Gabriel Antonio; Balciunas, Daniel Eduardo; Mora, Andrés; Ketcham, Richard; Nigro, Joaquín; Hernández, Juan; Hernández, Roberto We present the development of thermochronological tools for Andino 3D® software, that integrates Fetkin (Finite Element Temperature Kinematics). These tools allow the user to work on both the structural and the thermochronological model at the same time, providing a user-friendly environment that overcomes the need to work with different programs. Thermochronological and structural models can be checked and eventually corrected in a visual and intuitive form by following a 4-step workflow. The first step of such workflow is to define the thermochronological computing grid, checking in real time, if the resolution and coverage are satisfactory. After that, the interpolation process can be done, whereby velocity vectors for all nodes in beds and faults are calculated for all interpolated times. The third step of the workflow consists of filling thermal properties and velocities for all grid cells. The final step is the calculation of the thermal state at each time in the reconstruction. Boundary conditions (basal temperature, basal heat flow, surface temperature and altitude gradient) are defined by mouse picking as constant, spatially varying, time varying or spatially and time varying. To check the feasibility of a structural model, thermochronological samples can be defined at desired positions to predict time-temperature variations. Simulated fission track ages, mean track lengths and age standard deviations can be calculated for different minerals (apatite and zircons). Also, cooling ages and %Ro can be simulated for (U–Th-Sm)/He and vitrinite systems, respectively. The Carohuaicho structure in the southern Bolivia sub-Andean Ranges is presented as a case of study to demonstrate these tools. Andino 3D® allowed us to successfully simulate the t-T paths of four samples where (U–Th-Sm)/He measurements were available. The different models performed permitted us to conclude that a low geothermal gradient was likely to be present during the last 7 Ma of Andean deformation in the study region.

Acute regulation of apical ABC transporters in the gut. Potential influence on drug bioavailability Dominguez, Camila Juliana; Tocchetti, Guillermo Nicolás; Rigalli, Juan Pablo; Mottino, Aldo Domingo The extensive intestinal surface offers an advantage regarding nutrient, ion and water absorptive capacity but also brings along a high exposition to xenobiotics, including drugs of therapeutic use and food contaminants. After absorption of these compounds by the enterocytes, apical ABC transporters play a key role in secreting them back to the intestinal lumen, hence acting as a transcellular barrier. Rapid and reversible modulation of their activity is a subject of increasing interest for pharmacologists. On the one hand, a decrease in transporter activity may result in increased absorption of therapeutic agents given orally. On the other hand, an increase in transporter activity would decrease their absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Although of less relevance, apical ABC transporters also contribute to disposition of drugs systemically administered. This review article summarizes the present knowledge on the mechanisms aimed to rapidly regulate the activity of the main apical ABC transporters of the gut: multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Regulation of these mechanisms by drugs, drug delivery systems, drug excipients and nutritional components are particularly considered. This information could provide the basis for controlled regulation of bioavailability of therapeutic agents and at the same time would help to prevent potential drug-drug interactions.

Palynology and organic geochemistry of an early to Middle Devonian succession from TCB X-1001– tacobo borehole, sub-Andean basin, southern Bolivia García, Victoria Josefina; Rubinstein, Claudia Viviana; Camina, Sonia Clara; Vergani, Gustavo Dardo; Pereira, Martín Miguel Palynological and organic geochemical analyses have been performed on an Early to Middle Devonian clastic marine sedimentary succession of the TCB X-1001 – Tacobo borehole, in the Foothills of the southern sub-Andean ranges of Bolivia. The studied subsurface section encompasses shallow marine deposits of the Icla, Huamampampa and Los Monos formations. Eighteen from the twenty-three cutting samples available were productive, yielding variable abundance, diversity and preservation of organic-walled phytoplankton and miospores, with an increasing trend of terrestrial palynomorphs transpiring towards the younger beds. The palynological assemblage of the Icla Formation contains Bimerga nuda, Cordobesia cf. C. uruguayensis, Duvernaysphaera angelae, and Dibolisporites echinaceus. The Huamampampa Formation includes Polyedryxium sp. cf. P. condensum, Umbellasphaeridium deflandrei and Acinosporites eumammillatus. Arkonites bilixus, Maranhites mosesii, Polyedryxium “talus”, Stellinium comptun, Archaeozonotriletes variabilis, Chelinospora timanica, Convolutispora subtilis, Cymbosporites cyathus, Dibolisporites farraginis, Geminospora lemurata, Grandispora permulta, Samarisporites eximius and Verrucosisporites premnus are among the most relevant taxa of the Los Monos Formation. Based on the organic-walled phytoplankton and the miospores of the studied section, the Icla, Huamampampa and Los Monos formations are assigned to the late Pragian - Emsian, Emsian and Eifelian?- middle Givetian, respectively. The palynomorph distribution, relative abundance and preservation throughout the studied samples support the palaeoenvironment interpretation based on sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. RockEval pyrolysis, TOC, HI and Tmax data were analysed to determine type and quality of the kerogen and hydrocarbon potential of the stratigraphic units.

El trabajo en la pospandemia: una ¿nueva? discusión Gerbaldo, Gabriel; Landoni, Andrés Desde inicios del presente año, la mayor parte del globo se encuentrasumergido en una pandemia. Sin encontrar aún salida, esta acarrea gravessecuelas tanto a nivel sanitario como en el de la reproducción delas relaciones sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales. El COVID-19no hizo más que exponer las principales debilidades de un régimen deacumulación capitalista que ya supo evidenciar, en 2008, su endeblez.A lo largo de las siguientes líneas, reflexionaremos acerca de unadimensión del mundo social pospandemia que, de alguna manera, nosafecta a todos. Hacemos referencia, específicamente, al trabajo. Creemosque la pandemia no conlleva, en sí misma, las transformacionesdel mundo laboral, sino que, más bien, actuó como un acelerador demovimientos previos a aquella. Escenarios que parecían lejanos, hoyson cotidianos.

Can Self-Compassion Predict Future Anxiety and Depression?: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model Analysis in a Dominican Republic Sample Jiménez Payano, Daniel; García, Luisa; Nazir, Asha; Bonilla, Luz; Veras, Greicy; Rodríguez, Leidy; Rivas, Elaine; Tejada, María; Flores Kanter, Pablo Ezequiel Emotional dysregulation, in the form of anxiety and depression, has a significant economic, social and psychological impact on a global scale. Several approaches have been developed in the hope of helping people to better regulate these emotions, with mixed results. Specifically, third-wave therapies seem to perform particularly well. These therapies share the variable of self-compassion, which both in evolutive and practical terms appears to be a key variable in regulating difficult emotional states such as anxiety and depression. The objective of this research was to verify the adjustment of an explanatory model of anxiety and depression, which considers the effect of self-compassion. A sample of 371 residents in Dominican Republic was used and a cross-lagged panel model analysis was carried out. The measurement model fit the data well. Also, it is possible to verify that self-compassion at time 1 predicts depression and anxiety at Time 2 in a theoretically coherent direction. Clinical implications for non-WEIRD countries are discussed.

Roller blinds characterization assessing discomfort glare, view outside and useful daylight illuminance with the sun in the field of view Yamin Garretón, Julieta Alejandra; Villalba, Ayelén María; Rodriguez, Roberto Germán; Pattini, Andrea Elvira This research presents an experiment where the relationship between view outside (VO), daylight availability (DA) and glare protection (GP) of nine shading fabrics were evaluated. This kind of shading device is placed on the market (Argentina) without a proper characterization of their lighting performance, leading to an inadequate application. Glare was evaluated through DGP model, by means of HDRI technique, calibrated through externally measured luminance and validating with vertical illuminance. Vision outside was evaluated through the View Clarity Index (VCI) and daylight availability was assessed through Useful Daylight llluminance (UDI) dynamic daylight metric. Finally, two roller blind selection procedure were proposed. The first one considering each parameter independently (GP, VO and DA) and the second criteria, weighing the scores through a ternary plot.

Apuntes de cuarentena II ¿Tecnologías para ser felices? Alberti, Cristian Javier; Germain, Marisa; Maroni, Adriel Jorge; Montiel, Luz Belén El escrito propone un análisis sobre cómo las tecnologías del yo viralizadas por los medios de comunicación, en tiempos del Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) llevado adelante en Argentina durante el 2020 producto de la pandemia de COVID-19, tienen como fin la producción de un sujeto que pueda adaptarse rápidamente a los cambios que se dan en la sociedad y ajustarse, con la misma velocidad, a las actualizaciones de la organización social del trabajo que el presente acontecimiento propone.

¿Trabajos esenciales pero no reconocidos? Un mirada desde la economía popular frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 Silva Mariños, Lisandro Rubén La pandemia del COVID-19 ha significado un hecho de trascendencia histórica que ha trastocado el orden social, político y económico a nivel global. El impacto en el mundo del trabajo de este proceso se encuentra abierto, no obstante ello, al momento es posible reflexionar acerca de que actividades laborales se han significado como esenciales y cuales subsidiarias en tiempos de crisis sanitaria. En este sentido, desde la economía popular han tomado relevancia un conjunto de actividades preexistentes a la pandemia, que han sido declaradas como actividades esenciales, cuando no tienen un reconocimiento (ni simbólico, ni de retribución monetaria) en tanto trabajos. De este modo, el presente artículo propone recorrer los principales aportes conceptuales en torno al trabajo y las clases populares, para dar cuenta de la potencia de la economía popular (a partir de la evidencia empírica y el estudio de caso) como noción ordenadora de una matriz de estrategias para la reproducción de la vida que se ponen en juego durante la pandemia.

Vicuña conservation and the reinvigoration of Indigenous communities in the Andes Lichtenstein, Gabriela; Cowan Ros, Carlos Javier Vicuña management by Andean communities is one of the few success stories of international conservation. The species not only recovered from the brink of extinction, but also ancient traditions were restored. Vicuñas, Vicugna vicugna, are wild South American camelids that roam in the Puna and Altiplano, high Andean ecoregions in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru reaching altitudes between 3,500 and 5,000 metres. The vicuña´s highly prized fleece has been both its greatest asset and its biggest downfall. In this chapter, we firstly provide a historical background on the decommonisation process of vicuñas and their near extinction that occurred following the Spanish Conquest in the Andean Region. Secondly, we analyse their recent commonisation led by the indigenous communities living in the province of Jujuy, Argentina; the enabling conditions, and the resulting socio-political, cultural, economic and ecological benefits derived for the communities involved.

Peteribí (Cordia trichotoma), Lapacho Rosado (Handroanthus impetiginosus), and Cebil Colorado (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil): Three Valuable Species with Incipient Breeding Programs Fornes, Luis Fernando; Inza, María Virginia; García, María Victoria; Barrandeguy, Maria Eugenia; Soldati, María Cristina; Barth, Sara Regina; Ledesma Guaraz, Tilda Teresa; Saravia, Pablo Federico; Tarnowski, Christian; Rodríguez, Gustavo; Balducci, Ezequiel Diego; Grignola, Josefina; Schmid, Patricia Griselda; Galindez, Guadalupe; Trápani, Adrián Ignacio The development of forestry in Argentina has been based on the cultivation of fast-growing introduced species, mainly from the Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Eucalyptus, Populus, andSalix genera, for which both private companies and the National State through INTA, have developed high intensity genetic improvement programs. However, in the late 1990s, three complementary reasons gave impetus to the development of a domestication program at INTA: i) a certain social consensus (first international and finally national) on the importance of conserving and restoring natural forest ecosystems, ii) sympathy for native species per se, and iii) the baseline information that had been generated in previous years on the genetic resources of native forest species. Initial efforts were unstructured and responded to different projects with varying objectives, but finally a formal program started in 2006. In addition to INTA´s initiative to domesticate potentially productive native species using low-intensity breeding strategies (see Marcó and Llavallol 2016), efforts were also made by other institutions that had also started studying the genetic resources of forest species in Argentina. These actions make up the Argentine experience in the matter, at times systematic and well structured, and sometimes dispersed and with a varied level of depth. It is the intention of this book to summarize the most relevant experiences, trying to make visible the effort of many technicians and researchers who have managed to chart a path that, despite the years, has only just begun. The book is organized through the main forest ecosystems in Argentina. In each one, the advances referred to the knowledge of the genetic resources of the most studied species are presented, together with the implementation of actions for their domestication and genetic improvement. The most prominent results are reported, avoiding accounting for failures or low impact results. Towards the end of the book, we present the latest advances in the development of tools by means of high-throughput sequencing in native species of Argentina that will be the basis of the next technological generation for their genetic improvement. Finally, we conclude with essential considerations inherent in the planting of native species in the frame of climate change. We are addressing a wide and international public that seeks to know what has been achieved and what is being worked on in Argentina with respect to its native forest genetic resources. The interested reader should look for the most scientific details in the articles of the extensive list of bibliographic citations.

Prácticas esenciales para la formación inicial de educadoras y educadores de párvulos en escritura emergente: escritura andamiada y escritura interactiva Concha, Soledad; Manrique, Maria Soledad El término más amplio alfabetización emergente ha sido descrito como un conjunto de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes que son precursores de la lectura y de la escritura (Whitehurst y Lonigan, 1998). La escritura emergente forma parte de este constructo y puede ser descrita como un proceso en el que los niños experimentan activamente con la palabra escrita para hacer hipótesis y gradualmente descubrir sus convenciones, su cualidad simbólica, su función comunicativa en las relaciones sociales y su valor cultural. La investigación actualizada demuestra que la promoción, la valoración y la colaboración con los adultos en este proceso favorece el logro posterior de la escritura convencional, cuya enseñanza formal comienza en la Educación Básica (Villalón, 2008). Por lo mismo, la Educación Parvularia constituye un momento privilegiado para ofrecer oportunidades y mediar pedagógicamente el desarrollo de la escritura emergente. La evidencia es clara respecto de que promover la escritura emergente en niños menores de 6 años tiene incidencia en su desempeño futuro. En el capítulo se describen dos tipos de prácticas esenciales para desarrollar la escritura emergente en el aula de Educación Parvularia: la escritura interactiva y la escritura andamiada. Se describen asimismo estrategias de formación de docentes para que puedan desarrollar las capacidades necesarias para poner en juego estas dos tipos de prácticas esenciales.

The Tapes Complex (Nico Pérez Terrane, Uruguay): Constraining the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Río de la Plata Craton Gaucher, Claudio; Frei, Robert; Samaniego, Lucía; Will, Thomas M.; Chemale, Farid; Gargiulo, Maria Florencia; Poire, Daniel Gustavo; Ling, Xiaoxiao; Li, Xian Hua; Li, Qiu Li The Tapes Complex crops out in the southeastern Nico Pérez Terrane (NPT) of the Río de la Plata Craton and forms part of a NE-trending Mesoproterozoic belt together with the Calymmian (1.48–1.43 Ga) Parque UTE and Mina Verdún groups. The complex is characterized by interbedded/tectonically interleaved metasedimentary (mainly siliciclastic) and metaultramafic rocks, with subordinate intercalations of metabasites, carbonate and chert, all metamorphosed in the greenschist facies. The age of the Tapes Complex is constrained by: (i) a U–Pb SIMS age of 1360 ± 12 Ma for the youngest detrital zircon, (ii) the K–Ar age of 1253 ± 32 Ma for synkinematic muscovite of the Zapicán thrust, which affects the unit, and (iii) an Sm–Nd isochronic age of 1403 ± 150 Ma for ultramafic and mafic rocks. The intruding Tapes Chico Syenite yielded a much younger U–Pb SIMS age of 601 ± 5 Ma, associated with Brasiliano-Pan African tectonism, negative εHf values (mean = −31), δ18O zircon ratios ranging between 5.45 and 6.68‰ V-SMOW and inherited zircons dated at 1774-1756 Ma. The best preserved mafic and ultramafic samples yielded Nd model ages (TDM) between 1.55 and 1.68 Ga, close to the assumed crystallization age, and positive εNd(t). Nd model ages of metasedimentary rocks vary between 1.8 and 3.1 Ga, which is interpreted as reflecting two contrasting sources: Archean units of the NPT and Mesoproterozoic mafic and ultramafic rocks, including fragments of oceanic crust. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of metasedimentary rocks are characterized by LREE enrichment and lack of an Eu anomaly, similar to REE patterns of co-occurring metabasalts. High MgO concentrations, high Cr/V and low Y/Ni and Th/Sc ratios imply the involvement of ultramafic rocks in the source area, which is also supported by whole-rock Pb isotope data. A geodynamic evolution is envisaged, from an extensional tectonic setting between 1.48–1.43 Ga (rift or retroarc basin) into a compressional, retroarc foreland basin at ca. 1.25–1.20 Ga, the latter being probably related to the Kibaran Orogeny in the Namaqua-Natal Belt. It is proposed that the corresponding arc granites and high-grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found in one of the several terranes in the Namaqua sector of the belt. The Apiaí Terrane (Ribeira Belt, Brazil) shows a similar geological record and evolution as the NPT, and maybe a fragment of the latter displaced to the NW by the Ibaré Shear Zone. The Tapes Complex is a key unit for understanding the assembly of the Río de la Plata and Kalahari cratons, and their incorporation into the Rodinia supercontinent.

A 700-year multiproxy reconstruction on the Argentinian Pampas inferred from the sediments of Laguna Blanca Grande López Blanco, Charo; Rodríguez Abaunza, Gloria Alejandra; Seitz, Carina; Perez, Laura; Cuña Rodriguez, Carolina Celeste; Fontana, Sonia Leonor The Pampean region is a crucial area to obtain sensitive paleoclimatic lacustrine archives due to the presence of shallow environments in a territory non impacted by humans until the last centuries. In this study, we provide a paleoecological reconstruction for the last ca. 700 years based on a multiproxy lacustrine record from Laguna Blanca Grande, in Olavarría (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Our inferences, which were based on sedimentary properties, diatom, cladoceran and ostracod assemblages, offered interesting information about hydroclimatic variability and nutrient increase. Changes in relative abundances on diatoms, specifically on Aulacoseira granulata and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and fragilariods, were used to infer shifts in nutrient conditions. The remainder proxies together indicated small lake level changes. Reconstructed hydroclimatic conditions in Laguna Blanca Grande are consistent with previous paleoecological inferences indicating a humid phase around ca. AD 1450 and progressive drier conditions ca. AD 1530–1900. A flood gate construction and an increase of nutrients in the lake revealed a higher human pressure due to population increase and land-use changes during the last century. Further studies on taxonomy and autecology of microcrustaceans are needed to effectively unlock the information contained in biological proxies from Sudamerican records.

Storage duration, light, temperature, and salinity exposure influence germination of the glycophyte rhanterium epapposum Bhatt, Arvind; Carón, María Mercedes; Gallacher, David; Souza-Filho, Paulo Roberto de Moura Regeneration of native species is the first priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration. To this end, it is key to have seeds properly conserved in seed banks and knowledge of seed longevity and (or) dormancy alleviation at different storage time intervals. In addition, understanding the germination response of the stored seeds to environmental conditions improves the efficiency of restoration and rehabilitation projects. We investigated the influence of storage duration (1–5 years), light (0 or 12 h of illumination), thermoper-iod (night/day temperatures of 15/20 and 20/25 °C), and salinity (0, 100, 200. and 400 mmol/L of NaCl) on seed germination of Rhanterium epapposum, a glycophytic species from the Arabian Peninsula. Seeds maintained viability after five years of storage indoors at room temperature. Three years of storage alleviated seed dormancy. Exposure to 12 h light per day and thermoperiods of 15/20 °C enhanced seed germination. The seeds were glycophytic; after-ripened seeds exposed to salinity exhibited reduced rates of germination that did not recover after the salinity was alleviated.

Estrategias colectivas de/para/con migrantes en el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19 Rosas, Carolina Alejandra; Jaramillo Fonnegra, Verónica; Stang, Fernanda; Martinez Espínola, María Victoria; Zenklusen, Denise El presente texto sistematiza el intercambio de ideas acerca de las estrategias colectivas de/para/con migrantes que se han observado en países de Sudamérica durante el año 2020, y los encuadres teórico-metodológicos que cada participante utilizó para comprenderlas. Se expusieron estrategias de pequeña escala y redes metropolitanas o movimientos sociales de mediano alcance, así como también aquellas que se tejieron sobre la base de redes o alianzas transnacionales. Algunas han adquirido la forma de resistencia, otras de interpelación a los distintos niveles estatales o acción conjunta con organismos internacionales en la demanda de derechos. Fueron materializadas por distintxs actores, especialmente mujeres cis y disidencias sexogenéricas, y presentaron recursos, objetivos, saberes y resultados diversos.

Synthesis and characterization of montmorillonite/polyaniline composites and its usage to modify a commercial separator Para, Maria Laura; Versaci, Daniele; Amici, Julia; Caballero, María Florencia; Cozzarin, Melina Vanessa; Francia, Carlotta; Bodoardo, Silvia; Gamba, Martina Composites of montmorillonite (MMT) and polyaniline (PANI) were synthetized through a facile and inexpensive method. Two samples with different MMT:PANI ratios were studied and deeply characterized by XRD, TG, zeta potential, FTIR and XPS measurements. On one hand, the sample with ratio MMT:PANI = 87:13 was an intercalated composite, were polyaniline resides between the inorganic layers of the clay at a regular distance. On the other hand, the sample with ratio MMT:PANI = 12:88 was an exfoliated composite, where the inorganic sheets are immersed in an amorphous polymeric matrix. FTIR and XRD results indicated that in both samples, the emeraldine form of polyaniline was obtained. The composites were used to modify -by dr. blade technique- a commercial separator for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with the aim of increasing its wettability, ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance. The three-dimensional and multilayered network structure of the MMT/PANI composites led to an enhancement of the electrolyte uptake capacity (from 32% in bare separator to 137% and 168% for MMT/PANI_87/13 and MMT/PANI_12/88 modified separators, respectively, after 3 h). The presence of the coating membrane also led to an increase of the ionic conductivity by one order of magnitude in the modified separators respect to the unmodified one. These coated and non-coated separators were used to assemble full cells with LiNi1.5Mn0.5O4 as cathode active material. The capacity fade after 200 cycles was 20% lower in the cell with MMT/PANI_12/88 membrane in comparison with the bare separator. The enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the cells with the coated separator suggests that is a promising strategy to be used in LIBs.

Políticas culturales públicas, teatro comunitario y COVID-19 Fernandez, Clarisa Ines La presente reflexión abordará una serie de consideraciones respecto del rol del Estado en contexto de COVID 19, en relación al sector cultural, y más específicamente al sector cultural comunitario. De ese modo, se trabajará con el caso del teatro comunitario argentino, a través de preguntas como: ¿cuáles han sido las políticas culturales públicas destinadas al sector cultural comunitario?, ¿de qué manera estos sectores (particularmente el teatro comunitario) ha podido reapropiarse de dichas políticas?, ¿cuáles son las estrategias desarrolladas por estos grupos para sostener su actividad en el contexto de COVID-19?Se prevé, entonces, poder realizar un aporte crítico y analítico respecto de casos concretos que permitan pensar la accesibilidad, el alcance y el impacto de las políticas culturales en este contexto de pandemia, respecto de sectores específicos del campo artístico comunitario.

Role of mitochondrial heat-shock proteins and immunophilins in neurodegenerative diseases Daneri Becerra, Cristina del Rosario; Ciucci, Sol Micaela; Mazaira, Gisela Ileana; Galigniana, Mario Daniel Pathophysiologic conditions of neurodegenerative diseases are unquestionably related to protein misfolding. The accumulation of misfolded proteins into relatively ordered structures such as fibrillar intracellular and extracellular amyloids results in tissue lesions that lead to neuronal loss and brain damage. In these pathologies, the occurrence of protein aggregates suggests certain inefficient or insufficient cellular response of those molecular chaperones that should properly assist the folding of the client proteins. In this regard, all the experimental models for neurodegenerative diseases have demonstrated that the overexpression of molecular chaperones provide effective neuroprotection. A subset of these molecular chaperones corresponds to a group of proteins that exhibit peptidylprolyl isomerase enzymatic activity, the immunophilins. Most of the family members of the latter group were first described as responsible of the immunosuppressive response or they were reported as members of the chaperone complex associated with HSP90 in steroid receptor oligomers. In this article we review some aspects of the liaison between molecular chaperones and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular heat-shock proteins and immunophilins with demonstrated influence in the proper function of mitochondria. This article is intended to address a field that represents a yet critical unmet clinical need for the development of neuroprotective molecules focused on potentially novel molecular targets.

Alteraciones en la distribución del consumo de alcohol y la frecuencia de uso de marihuana durante el aislamiento preventivo por Covid-19 en Argentina Michelini, Yanina Noelia; Pilatti, Angelina; Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un virusrecientemente descubierto, de la familia de los coronavirus, los cuales puedencausar enfermedades tanto en humanos como en animales (Luo, Chiu, Weng &Chen, 2020). Los primeros casos de COVID-19 se detectaron a fines de 2019 enChina y en marzo de 2020, la enfermedad se convirtió en pandemia, infectandoal momento de escritura de este capítulo a 22 millones de personas, de las cuales800000 han muerto (Dong, Du & Gardner, 2020). La ausencia, por el momento, deuna vacuna y de medicación paliativa de probada eficacia y seguridad (Jin et al.,2020), así como la alta capacidad de transmisión de la enfermedad, han motivadoa los diferentes estados nacionales a instaurar medidas de aislamiento social querestrinjan la circulación comunitaria del virus. En Argentina, el Decreto 297/2020(DNU-2020-297-APN-PTE; Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina) instauró, el19 de marzo de 2020, el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO), queestablece el confinamiento de las personas en sus residencias, sin asistencia a suslugares de trabajo ni desplazamiento por rutas, vías o espacios públicos