Intervenciones sobre la lengua en la Argentina de finales de los 1920: Babel y el castellano (1928) de Arturo Capdevila, entre la prensa y el libro Ennis, Juan Antonio El presente trabajo propone un recorrido por una obra particularmente influyente en la historia de los debates sobre la lengua en Argentina: Babel y el castellano (1928), de Arturo Capdevila, considerándola desde su gestación en las columnas publicadas por su autor en el periódico La Prensa de Buenos Aires a partir de 1925. El análisis atiende asimismo a la articulación que estas intervenciones, por parte de un escritor versátil aunque lego en materia de ciencias del lenguaje, encuentran en sus distintas manifestaciones con campos y discursos en proceso de consolidación y diferenciación en la época en el país, como el de la literatura y los estudios lingüísticos, así como a los ecos que estas hallan en desarrollos posteriores, especialmente en el campo de la lingüística profesional.; The following paper attempts to give an insight into a particularly influential work in the history of language-ideological debates in Argentina: Babel y el castellano (1928), by Arturo Capdevila, considering it from its very origin in the columns published by its author in the Buenos Aires’ newspaper La Prensa from 1925 to 1927. The analysis also points to the way in which these interventions by a versatile writer –although a layman in the field of language sciences– deal with fields and discourses which were going through several processes of consolidation and differentiation in Argentina at the time (such as literature and linguistic studies). It also highlights the echoes that Capdevila’s texts find in later developments, especially in the field of professional linguistics.

Explicit solutions for distributed, boundary and distributed-boundary elliptic optimal control problems Bollati, Julieta; Gariboldi, Claudia Maricel; Tarzia, Domingo Alberto We consider a steady-state heat conduction problem in a multidimensional bounded domainfor the Poisson equation with constant internal energy g and mixed boundary conditions given by a constant temperature b in the portion 1 of the boundary and a constant heat flux q in the remaining portion2 of the boundary.Moreover, we consider a family of steady-state heat conduction problems with a convective condition on the boundary 1 with heat transfer coefficient α and external temperature b. We obtain explicitly, for a rectangular domain in R2, an annulus in R2 and a spherical shell in R3, the optimal controls, the system states and adjoint states for the following optimal control problems: a distributed control problem on the internal energy g, a boundary optimal control problem on the heat flux q, a boundary optimal control problem on the external temperature b and a distributed-boundary simultaneous optimal control problem on the source g and the flux q. These explicit solutions can be used for testing new numerical methods as a benchmark test. In agreement with theory, it is proved that the system state, adjoint state, optimal controls and optimal values corresponding to the problem with a convective condition on 1 converge, when α → ∞, to the corresponding system state, adjoint state, optimal controls and optimal values that arise from the problem with a temperature condition on 1. Also, we analyze the order of convergence in each case, which turns out to be 1/α being new for these kind of elliptic optimal control problems.

(Con)memoraciones utópicas y epístolas íntimas para Problemática Educativa; Utopic commemorations and intimate epistles for Problemática Educativa (Education Issues) Aguirre, Jonathan Ezequiel; Branda, Silvia Adriana; Cadaveira, Gabriela Carmen; Cañueto, Gladys Noemi; de Laurentis, Claudia Graciela; Galluzzi, María Concepción; Genzano, Florencia; Laquidain, Melina; Porta Vazquez, Luis Gabriel; Proasi, Laura Virginia; Ramallo, Francisco; Villarrreal, Magalí Este artículo se trata de una escritura, en gran medida colectiva, que detiene las rígidas temporalidades en epístolas, cuyos flujos (con)funden pasado, presente y futuro. A partir de una serie de cartas íntimas que aquí devienen públicas, descomponemos la historia de la cátedra Problemática Educativa de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Como un modo de (con)memorar sus veintidós años y valorar su concentración en la inmediatez del campo de la ciencias de la educación, estas (carto)grafías testimonian registros no rectos y activan mutaciones con la memoria. La indivisibilidad entre lo íntimo, lo comunitario y la educación, abrazan un ejercicio académico contingente y viral que no sólo contagia contenido y forma, sino que también apela alformalismo de los estudios performáticos para desidentificar una comunidad de aprendizaje.

Nuevas fuentes de resistencia a la podredumbre carbonosa de la soja causada por Macrophomina phaseolina; New sources of resistance to Charcoal rot of soybean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina Reznikov, Sebastian; Bleckwedel, Juliana; Claps, María Paula; de Lisi, Vicente; Gonzalez, Victoria del Valle; Escobar, Marcela; Ledesma Rodriguez, Fernando; Devani, Mario Rodolfo; Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro; Ploper, Leonardo Daniel La podredumbre carbonosa de la soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], ocasionada por el hongo polífagoMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., es una enfermedad que ocasiona pérdidas económicamente importantes en elmundo. En el noroeste de Argentina esta patología es limitante para la producción de soja cuando se presentancondiciones de altas temperaturas y estrés hídrico. Debido a la importancia económica y a la falta de genotiposcomerciales de soja resistentes a esta enfermedad, se planteó como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de las líneasavanzadas de soja del programa de mejoramiento genético de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres(EEAOC) frente a la podredumbre carbonosa, en ensayos a campo inoculados con el hongo. Se evaluaron losparámetros de severidad e índice de unidades formadoras de colonias de M. phaseolina (IUFC) en estadio fenológico R7del cultivo. Se evaluaron 12 líneas de soja en la campaña 2016/2017 y 24 líneas en el ciclo agrícola 2017/2018. Laslíneas que presentaron los mejores comportamientos frente a M. phaseolina en los ciclos agrícolas evaluados fueron:D38M3-13/182, D51N59-14/247 y Munasqa RR, las cuales se comportaron como moderadamente resistentes cuando seevaluó el parámetro severidad, y como resistentes según el parámetro IUFC. Estas líneas podrían ser utilizadas en losprogramas de mejoramiento genético como progenitores para incorporar la resistencia frente a esta enfermedad, ymejorar así el manejo de la podredumbre carbonosa de la soja en el noroeste de Argentina de forma eficaz y amigablecon el ambiente.; Charcoal rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by the polyphagous fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an economically important disease worldwide. In northwestern Argentina this pathology is limiting for soybean production when high temperatures and water stress prevail in the season. Due to its economic importance and the lack of commercial genotypes of soybean resistant to this disease, the objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction against charcoal rot of advanced lines from Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) breeding program, in field trials inoculated with the fungus. The parameters evaluated at the R7 stage were severity and a colony-forming unit index of M. phaseolina (CFUI). Twelve soybean lines were evaluated in the 2016/2017 growing season and 24 lines in the 2017/2018 season. These evaluations indicated that D38M3-13/182, D51N59-14/247 and Munasqa RR were moderately resistant when severity was considered, and as resistant based on the CFUI. These lines could be used in genetic improvement programs as parents to enhance resistance to this disease and thus improve the management of charcoal rot of soybeans in northwestern Argentina in an efficient and environmentally friendly way.

Apriete, empaste y juzgamiento: la trama de relaciones detrás de un juicio a policías exonerados; Extort, fouiling and judging: the network of relationships behind a trial of exonerated police officers Bover, Tomás A partir del trabajo de campo realizado durante el juicio oral a ocho jefes policiales en una causa conocida como “la causa de los sobres” propongo analizar un conjunto de relaciones institucionales que conforman una trama policial-política y judicial. El objetivo de este artículo es poner en cuestión las nociones de “autonomía” y “autogobierno” policial, para dar cuenta de cómo la policía se encuentra formando parte de una imbricada trama de instituciones y pensar que “la policía”, “la justicia” y “la política” no pueden ser vistas como bloques monolíticos y separados. En segundo lugar, a partir de las nociones de apriete, empaste y juzgamiento analizo el tipo de relaciones - de complicidad, colaboración, conflicto y otras - que producen la mencionada trama entre instituciones.; Based on the field work carried out during the oral trial of eight police chiefs in a case known as "the cause of the envelopes", I propose to analyze a set of institutional relations that make up a police-political and judicial network. The objective of this article is to question the notions of police "autonomy" and "self-government", to account for how the police are forming part of an interwoven fabric of institutions and to think that "the police", "justice" and “politics” cannot be seen as monolithic and separate blocks. Second, From the notions of squeezing, filling and judging, the type of relationships, complicity, collaboration, conflict and others that produce the aforementioned are analyzed. plot between institutions.

Key Role of Oxygen-Vacancy Electromigration in the Memristive Response of Ferroelectric Devices Ferreyra, Cristian Daniel; Rengifo Morocho, Miguel Andrés; Sanchez, Maria Jose; Everhardt, Arnoud S.; Noheda, Beatriz; Rubi, Diego Ferroelectric memristors are intensively studied due to their potential implementation in data storage and processing devices. In this work we show that the memristive behavior of metal-ferroelectric-oxide-metal devices relies on the competition of two effects: the modulation of metal-ferroelectric interface barriers by the switchable ferroelectric polarization and the electromigration of oxygen vacancies, with the depolarizing field playing a fundamental role in the latter. We simulate our experimental results with a phenomenological model that includes both effects and we reproduce several nontrivial features of the electrical response, including resistance relaxations observed after external poling. Besides providing insight into the underlying physics of these complex devices, our work suggests that it is possible to combine nonvolatile and volatile resistive changes in single ferroelectric memristors, an issue that could be useful for the development of neuromorphic devices.

Th22 response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is closely related to severity of pulmonary lesions and bacillary load in patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis Imperiale, Belén Rocío; García, Ana; Minotti, Alejandro Adolfo; González Montaner, Pablo; Moracho Lucila; Morcillo, N.; Palmero, Domingo Juan; Sasiain, Maria del Carmen; de la Barrera, Silvia Susana The role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis or tissue repair in human tuberculosis (TB) remains to be established. Here, we aimed to explore the ex-vivo and in-vitro T helper 22 (Th22) response in TB patients and healthy donors (HD) induced by different local multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mvcobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from drug-susceptible (S-TB) MDR-TB patients and HD were stimulated with local MDR strains and the laboratory strain H37Rv. IL-22 and IL-17 expression and senescent status were assessed in CD4+ and CD8+ cells by flow cytometry, while IL-22 amount was measured in plasma and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found lower IL-22 amounts in plasma from TB patients than HD, together with a decrease in the number of circulating T cells expressing IL-22. In a similar manner, all Mtb strains enhanced IL-22 secretion and expanded IL-22+ cells within CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, being the highest levels detected in S-TB patients. In MDRTB, low systemic and Mtb-induced Th22 responses associated with high sputum bacillary load and bilateralism of lung lesions, suggesting that Th22 response could be influencing the ability of MDR-TB patients to control bacillary growth and tissue damage. In addition, in MDR-TB patients we observed that the higher the percentage of IL-22+ cells, the lower the proportion of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ or CD57+ T cells. Furthermore, the highest proportion of senescent T cells was associated with severe lung lesions and bacillary load. Thus, T cell senescence would markedly influence Th22 response mounted by MDR-TB patients.

A pandemia covid19 na Arxentina Oviedo, Eduardo Daniel Breve análisis del impacto de la pandemia en Argentina, especialmente en la enseñanza universitaria argentina, con descripción de la experiencia en el dictado de clases en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario.

Electron tunneling at the molecularly thin 2D perovskite and graphene van der Waals interface Leng, Kai; Wang, Lin; Shao, Yan; Abdelwahab, Ibrahim; Grinblat, Gustavo Sergio; Verzhbitskiy, Ivan; Li, Runlai; Cai, Yongqing; Chi, Xiao; Fu, Wei; Song, Peng; Rusydi, Andrivo; Eda, Goki; Maier, Stefan A.; Loh, Kian Ping Quasi-two-dimensional perovskites have emerged as a new material platform for optoelectronics on account of its intrinsic stability. A major bottleneck to device performance is the high charge injection barrier caused by organic molecular layers on its basal plane, thus the best performing device currently relies on edge contact. Herein, by leveraging on van der Waals coupling and energy level matching between two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite and graphene, we show that the plane-contacted perovskite and graphene interface presents a lower barrier than gold for charge injection. Electron tunneling across the interface occurs via a gate-tunable, direct tunneling-to-field emission mechanism with increasing bias, and photoinduced charge transfer occurs at femtosecond timescale (~50 fs). Field effect transistors fabricated on molecularly thin Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite using graphene contact exhibit electron mobilities ranging from 0.1 to 0.018 cm2V−1s−1 between 1.7 to 200 K. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies reveal layer-dependent tunneling barrier and domain size on few-layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite.

Mineralization of formic acid from catalytic nitrate reduction effluent by UV-based and electrochemical processes Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda; Wohlmuth da Silva, Salatiel; Favarini Beltrame, Thiago; Marchesini, Fernanda Albana; Bernardes, Andrea Moura; Miro, Eduardo Ernesto In this work, UV-based and electrochemical processes were proposed for formic acid (FA) mineralization, from an effluent generated on the nitrate catalytic reduction reaction. The results show that although direct photolysis (DP) does not have the ability to mineralize FA, heterogeneous photocatalysis (HP), photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation (PEO) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) have. In fact, it has been shown that FA mineralization is governed by the electrochemical process. When nitrate was added in the FA solution, all process exhibited an increase in FA mineralization, mainly for DP. For UV-based process, this fact can be linked to the nitrate photolysis generating hydroxyl radicals (HO•). On the other hand, the mineralization increase observed on the EO process, is associated with the increase in charge transfer, considering that the generation of oxidants is a rate-limiting-step, showing pseudo-zero-order constants for DP and HP, and pseudo-first-order for PEO and EO. The best results of FA mineralization with the smallest energy consumption was obtained by the electrochemical process. Besides, EO was not negatively influenced by the addition of nitrate.

Revisitando las intersecciones entre feminismo y sindicalismo. El caso de Mujeres Sindicalistas (Argentina, 2016-2019); Revisiting the intersections between feminism and unionism. The case of Mujeres Sindicalistas (Argentina, 2016-2019) Natalucci, Ana Laura; Ríos, Victoria; Vaccari, Samantha En los últimos años en Argentina, se produjeron dos fenómenos que por varios años transitaron caminos paralelos pero que finalmente encontraron puntos de intersección. Se tratan del proceso de revitalización sindical y de la activación del ciclo de movilización feminista. La emergencia del Ni Una Menos en 2015 fue decisivo para la visibilidad de la violencia machista y la formación de colectivos que cuestionaron las desigualdades de género. Asimismo, desde 2016 emergieron espacios y colectivos de mujeres en las organizaciones sindicales que trastocaron esta dinámica. ¿Cuáles fueron las relaciones entre el ciclo de movilización feminista y la emergencia y desarrollo de colectivos de mujeres sindicalistas a partir de la interseccionalidad entre clase, trabajo y género? ¿De qué modos las experiencias de clase y de género han incidido en la conformación de colectivos de mujeres en los nucleamientos sindicales? El objetivo del artículo es comprender la intersección entre feminismo y sindicalismo, específicamente por la creación de colectivos de mujeres en sindicatos. A partir de las nociones de interseccionalidad estructural e interseccionalidad política indagamos sobre la experiencia de Mujeres Sindicalistas perteneciente a la CFT/CGT. El período analizado se extiende entre 2016 y 2019. Nuestro argumento es que, aunque ya había mujeres que participaban de los sindicatos, la novedad de esta experiencia puede encontrarse en el establecimiento de puentes al interior del sindicalismo como entre este y otras organizaciones feministas. En términos metodológicos se siguió una estrategia multimétodo informada de la Teoría Fundamentada.; In the last years in Argentina, two events occurred that for several years travelled parallel make ways but that finally found intersection points. They are about the process of union revitalization and the activation of the feminist mobilization cycle. The emergence of Ni Una Menos in 2015 was decisive for the visibility of male violence and the formation of groups that questioned gender inequalities. Likewise, since 2016, women's spaces and groups emerged in union organizations that upset this dynamic. What were the relationships between the cycle of feminist mobilization and the emergence and development of groups of women trade unionists based on the intersectionality between class, work and gender? In what ways have class and gender experiences influenced the formation of women's collectives in the unions? The aim of the paper is to understand the intersection between feminism and unionism, specifically by creating women's collectives in union organizations. Starting from the notions of structural intersectionality and political intersectionality, we inquired about the experience of Mujeres Sindicalistas belonging to the CFT / CGT. The period analyzed is extended between 2016 and 2019. Our argument is that, although there were already women who participated in unions, the novelty of this experience can be found in the establishment of bridges within unionism, as between it and other feminist organizations. In methodological terms, we follow a multi-method strategy, informed by the Grounded Theory.

Cholesterol free niosome production by microfluidics: Comparative with other conventional methods Machado, Noelia Daiana; García Manrique, Pablo; Fernández, Mariana Adela; Blanco López, Maria Carmen; Matos, María; Gutiérrez, Gemma The extended use of niosomes in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries demands novel preparation processes which could enhance nanovesicles production with controlled size and size distribution. Microfluidics (MF) are a novel promising set of preparation methods for this purpose. Studies comparing methods for niosome preparation are still scarce. In this work, niosomes using MF were produced and the effect of membrane compounds concentration and the relation between organic and aqueous ratio (flow rate ratio, FRR) on the resulting mean size and size distribution were studied. Two different cholesterol free formulations were tested using Tween® 80 and Span® 80 in presence and absence of 1-dodecanol as membrane stabilizer. The effect of FRR showed to be the key parameter in niosomes production, being more critical than membrane compounds concentration and the vesicle membrane composition. Additionally, the same formulations were also produced by two conventional methods, thin film hydration (TFH) and ethanol injection (EI), and results were compared. The size of the niosomes obtained by MF was smaller and more homogeneous than those achieved by TFH and similar to EI. Therefore, MF is confirmed as a novel technology that can facilitate the development and optimization of new nanodelivery systems with controlled size and polydispersity, two essential parameters for successful biotechnological applications.

Evaluation of cellular safety and the chemical composition of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ethanolic extracts Menis Candela, Florencia; Giordano, Walter Fabian; Quiroga, Patricia Liliana; Escobar, Franco Matias; Mañas, Fernando Javier; Roma, Dardo Andrés; Larrauri, Mariana; Comini, Laura Raquel; Soria, Elio Andres; Sabini, Maria Carola Arachis hypogaea L. (Leguminosae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Peanut has high nutritional and commercial value. Scientific research showed that peanut has biological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory. However, it is necessary to know if consumption of peanut, either as food or as a phytopharmaceutical implies a health risk. The aim was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from A. hypogaea. Also, chemical characterization of these extracts was performed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assays on Vero cells. Genotoxicity was studied by Micronuclei and comet assays on Balb/C mice. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of extracts were performed. Results showed that extracts have low cytotoxicity. Tegument ethanolic extract (TEE) and Seed ethanolic extract (SEE) were not genotoxic. The treatments with TEE at 250 mg/kg and SEE at 2000 mg/kg revealed (highest concentrations evaluated) some toxicity on blood marrow cells of mice. Chemical characterization indicated that TEE had 74.33 1.10 mg GAE/g of dried extract and SEE had 15.05 0.06 mg GAE/g of dried extract of total phenolic content. Also, proanthocyanidins (O.D. at 550 nm 1.39 0.15) and caffeic acid (2.46%) were identified in TEE. While, linoleic acid (58.84%) oleic acid (11.31%) and palmitic acid (8.37%) were major compounds of SEE. In conclusion, peanut consumption is safe at concentrations recommended for healthy uses, such as nutrition, and phytomedicine.

Intervención extensionista en salud cardiovascular en un hospital escuela Oberto, María Georgina; Perovic, Nilda Raquel; Celi, Alejandra; Marchiori, Georgina Noel; Flores, David; Carrizo, Lidia Noemi; Defagó, María Daniela El acercamiento a la comunidad a través de la extensión, junto a la investigación y la docencia constituyen la misión de las universidades, y es relevante como una instancia de aproximación de los estudiantes a la realidad. El objetivo de la intervención fue generar un espacio de sensibilización sobre la importancia de adquirir hábitos saludables para el cuidado del corazón y el bienestar, y que estos contribuyan a la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares. El ámbito de desarrollo fue el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, mediante la instalación de un stand en el interior de la institución. Se intercambiaron experiencias y conocimientos con quienes transitaron por dicho espacio. Antes del encuentro, el equipo extensionista, participó de dos talleres de formación en comunicación y consejería en salud cardiovascular. Se entregaron 500 imanes con mensajes saludables para promover la salud cardiovascular. A partir de los testimonios de los estudiantes, se pudo valorar la importancia de sus aprendizajes mediante esta práctica experiencial que propició su acercamiento a realidades concretas en el territorio, nuevas formas de razonamiento, interacción con diferentes actores sociales y sus conocimientos tradicionales, conocer nuevos escenarios, construir nuevos conocimientos, y relacionar el conocimiento con la acción en situaciones reales.

Probabilistic Analysis of Impacts on Distribution Networks due to the Connection of Diverse Models of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Coria Pantano, Gustavo Ezequiel; Penizzotto Bacha, Franco Victor; Romero Quete, Andrés Arturo This work analyzes impacts on distribution networks produced by the connection ofdiverse types of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), into a probabilistic framework. Some of the uncertainty sources are related with technical parameters of PEVs. Therefore, a review of PEVs currently available in the market is reported. Other uncertain parameters are related with the behavior of the PEV owners, for instance, the arrival and departure times to home, and the state of charge of the PEV when it is plugged to the grid. These parameters are modeled by using probability density functions, to thengenerate random numbers and perform Monte Carlo simulations. Each Monte Carlo simulation corresponds to the calculation of a power-flow in the analyzed network. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE 33-bus test distribution network, with the purpose of quantifying the influence of diversity of PEVs. The analysis is performed, specifically, for identify those transformers and lines that could be overloaded. Two scenarios of PEV penetration by 2025 and 2030 were assessed, i.e., considering that 10% and 30% of the residential customers will have at least one PEV, respectively. Obtained results reveal the importance of considering diversity of PEV model to conduct in a suitable manner this type of studies. The proposed methodology is expected to be useful for network planning expansion and to support the design of time of use tariffs.

Exceptional cases of textile mineralization in archaeological metallic objects from Santiago del Estero's lowlands (Argentina) Angiorama, Carlos Ignacio; Lopez Campeny, Sara Maria Luisa; Taboada, Constanza Here, we present and discuss the results obtained from a series of techno-morphological and compositional analyses performed on two objects from the collection of the “Emilio and Duncan Wagner” Anthropology and Natural Sciences Museum, currently deposited in the Cultural Heritage Interpretation and Conservation Centre of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. These objects are fragments of metallic bracelets that have preserved textile evidence on their surfaces, or “fibre or textile pseudomorphs”. The pieces, recovered during early 20th century archaeological collecting activity, were found in Santiago del Estero's lowlands and conceivably originate from colonial funerary contexts (post 1543 CE). Our analysis indicates that the fragments correspond to two different bracelets, and that they were made with brass, an alloy of copper and zinc that was not used in northwest Argentina in pre-Hispanic times. The associated textile fragments were made with cotton and present great technological similarities. The sum of evidence indicates that metallic objects were obtained from the Andean region through different modes of appropriation and then incorporated into local daily and funerary practices. Yet, the results of textile analysis reveal no evidence suggesting production according to Hispanic traditions. This paper provides new data on the characterization of archaeological materials from museum collections, offers novel information regarding alteration processes linked to ancient textiles and metals, and constitutes a contribution to the assessment of hypotheses on local practices and processes from Inca and colonial times within the studied region.

A review of euryoryzomys legatus (Rodentia, sigmodontinae): Morphological redescription, cytogenetics, and molecular phylogeny Guilardi, Mariana D.; Jayat, Jorge Pablo; Weksler, Marcelo; Patton, James L.; Ortiz, Pablo Edmundo; Almeida, Keila; De Silva, Maria José The taxonomic history of Euryoryzomys legatus has been complex and controversial, being either included in the synonymy of other oryzomyine species or considered as a valid species, as in the most recent review of the genus. Previous phylogenetic analyses segregated E. legatus from E. russatus, its putative senior synonym, but recovered it nested within E. nitidus. A general lack of authoritative evaluation of morphological attributes, details of the chromosome complement, or other data types has hampered the ability to choose among alternative taxonomic hypotheses, and thus reach a general consensus for the status of the taxon. Herein we revisit the status of E. legatus using an integrated approach that includes: (1) a morphological review, especially centered on specimens from northwestern Argentina not examined previously, (2) comparative cytogenetics, and (3) phylogenetic reconstruction, using mitochondrial genes. Euryoryzomys legatus is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all other species-level taxa in the genus, but its 2n=80, FN=86 karyotype is shared with E. emmonsae, E. nitidus, and E. russatus. Several morphological and morphometric characters distinguish E. legatus from other species of Euryoryzomys, and we provide an amended diagnosis for the species. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing E. legatus from E. nitidus, its sister taxon following molecular analyses, include: larger overall size, dorsal fur with a strong yellowish brown to orange brown tinge, flanks and cheeks with an orange lateral line, ventral color grayish-white with pure white hairs present only on the chin, presence of a thin blackish eye-ring, tail bicolored, presence of an alisphenoid strut and a well-developed temporal and lambdoid crests in the skull, and a labial cingulum on M3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered E. legatus as a monophyletic group with high support nested within a paraphyletic E. nitidus; genetic distances segregated members of both species, except for an exemplar of E. nitidus. Our integrated analyses reinforce E. legatus as a full species, but highlight that E. macconnelli, E. emmonsae, and E. nitidus each may be a species complex and worthy of systematic attention. Finally, we also evaluated the chromosome evolution of the genus within a phylogenetic context.

Towards a System of Distributional National Accounts: Methods and Global Inequality Estimates from WID.world Gonzalez Alvaredo, Facundo; Chancel, Lucas; Piketty, Thomas; Saez, Emmanuel; Zucman, Gabriel This paper briefly presents the methodology of Distributional National Accounts (DINA), which distributes total national income and total wealth among all individual residents. With DINA, we can estimate inequality statistics and growth by income and wealth groups that are consistent with aggregate growth from National Accounts. This methodology has been recently applied to a number of countries, and the data produced are available from WID. world. The paper summarizes the initial empirical findings. We observe rising top income and wealth shares in nearly all countries in recent decades, but the magnitude of the increase varies substantially, thereby suggesting that different country‑specific institutions and policies matter. We combine countries’ statistics to estimate global inequality since 1980. Global inequality has increased since 1980 in spite of the catching up of large emerging countries like China and India. This has been driven by the income growth of top world earners.

Minimization of the adverse environmental effects of discarded onions by avoiding disposal through dehydration and food-use Fabani, Maria Paula; Román Barón, María Celia; Rodriguez, Rosa Ana; Mazza, German Delfor Onion is a commonly used vegetable in the Cuyo Region, Argentina, and important in the world global vegetable production ranking. Production levels often exceed immediate markets of fresh sale, and excesses, although still edible, are currently discarded (mostly incinerated and disposed in landfill, creating numerous environmental hazards). To minimize these adverse environmental problems, this research investigates upgrading the discarded products by dehydration, hence guaranteeing their ultimate food-use. The dehydration process of discarded onion cv. Crioula Roxa was hence studied at 60 and 70 °C, temperatures selected to maintain the main physicochemical characteristics of the onions, while also creating optimum heat and mass transfer coefficients while significantly reducing the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. When using an electrically-heated convective dryer, the Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) values and the CO2 emissions during dehydration at 70 °C are 738.89 kWh.kg−1 and 264.74 kg of CO2 kg−1, respectively. These values are only 41.61 kWh.kg−1 and 2–4 kg of CO2 kg−1 if a solar dryer is applied. The thermal diffusivities were 1.86✕10−10 m2 s−1 (dehydration) and 1.08✕10−10 m2 s−1 (rehydration), showing a weak effect of the dehydration process on the solid structure and properties.

Calculadoras de riesgo cardiovascular en personas viviendo con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Cardiovascular risk calculators for people living with human immunodeficiency virus Grand, M.; Diaz, Alberto Alejandro; Bia, D. El creciente acceso y la alta eficacia del tratamiento antirretroviral han permitido que las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana alcancen una expectativa de vida semejante a la población general. Sin embargo, esta expectativa puede verse afectada por el aumento del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en estos pacientes. Este riesgo es multifactorial, involucrando la elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales, el desarrollo de un estado proinflamatorio relacionado con la infección crónica y el uso de fármacos antirretrovirales con un perfil metabólico adverso. En la práctica clínica diaria disponemos de diferentes tablas y/o calculadoras para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular y orientar en la toma de decisiones médicas. La mayoría de estos surgen de estudios poblacionales en pacientes sin infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir algunos determinantes de la enfermedad cardiovascular en personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, y la utilidad y aplicación de las calculadoras de riesgo cardiovascular en dichas personas.; The increasing access and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy has allowed people living with human immuno deficiency virus to achieve a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. However, this goal may be affected by the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in this group. This risk is multifactorial, involving the high prevalence of traditional risk factors, the development of a pro-inflammatory state related to chronic infection, and the use of anti-retroviral drugs with an adverse metabolic profile. In daily practice, in order to estimate this risk and guide medical decision-making, different calculators are available. These are based on data from population cohorts, many of them from human immunodeficiency virus negative subjects. The main aim of this review is to describe the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus, the available risk calculators and their use.