Alteridad, filosofía y creación artística: una mirada bajtiniana; Otherness, philosophy and artistic creation: a Bakhtinian look Wagon, María Elena El problema del Otro es un cuestionamiento relativamente nuevo en el terreno filosófico, pues no forma parte del origen griego de la filosofía occidental sino que se constituye como pregunta filosófica recién en la Modernidad. Este artículo pretende ahondar en la problemática de la alteridad, reflexionando sobre la forma en que dicha temática ha sido abordada por parte de la filosofía occidental. A tal efecto, se hace eco del aporte de Lévinas, quien considera que desde sus orígenes en la filosofía occidental ha primado la ontología por sobre la ética, y, en consecuencia, el concepto por sobre la individualidad. En el acto de conceptualización y objetivación del mundo por parte del Yo se neutraliza la alteridad del Otro y se lo convierte en Mismidad. Ahora bien, no obstante retomar la propuesta lévinasiana, en este trabajo se plantea que la cuestión fundamental que provoca la ausencia del Otro en el discurso filosófico es la falta de conexión entre el plano teórico de la cultura y la esfera práctica de la vida, espacio exclusivo donde se da el encuentro/choque entre el Yo y el Otro. Teniendo en cuenta esto, se deja parcialmente de lado el aporte lévinasiano, para analizar la propuesta filosófica de Mijaíl Bajtín, quien remarca que la gran falencia de la filosofía es no poder establecer un contacto directo entre el ámbito abstracto y universal en el que actúa y la singularidad de la vida práctica del ser humano. La originalidad de este trabajo está dada por la fundamentación de la sentencia lévinasiana por medio de la propuesta teórica de Bajtín.; The problem of the Other is a relatively new questioning in the philosophical field, since it is not part of the Greek origin of Western philosophy, but it is constituted as a philosophical question only in Modernity. This research aims to delve into the problem of otherness, reflecting on the way in which this subject has been addressed by Western philosophy. To this end, he echoes the contribution of Lévinas, who considers that from its origins in western philosophy, ontology has prevailed over ethics, and, consequently, the concept over individuality. In the act of conceptualization and objectification of the world on the part of the Self, the alterity of the Other is neutralized and becomes Mismity. Now, despite taking up the Levinasian proposal, in this work it is stated that the fundamental question that causes the absence of the Other in philosophical discourse is the lack of connection between the theoretical plane of culture and the practical sphere of life, space exclusive where the encounter / clash between the Self and the Other occurs. Taking this into account, the Levinasian contribution is partially set aside, to analyze the philosophical proposal of Mikhail Bakhtin, who remarks that the great flaw of philosophy is not being able to establish direct contact between the abstract and universal sphere in which it operates and the singularity of the practical life of the human being. The originality of this work is given by the foundation of the Levinasian sentence through Bakhtin's theoretical proposal.

SENSEI: Direct-Detection Results on sub-GeV Dark Matter from a New Skipper CCD Barak, Liron; Bloch, Itay M.; Cababie, Mariano Ruben; Cancelo, Gustavo Indalecio; Chaplinsky, Luke; Chierchie, Fernando; Crisler, Michael; Drlica Wagner, Alex; Essig, Rouven; Estrada, Juan; Etzion, Erez; Fernández Moroni, Guillermo; Gift, Daniel; Munagavalasa, Sravan; Orly, Aviv; Rodrigues, Dario; Singal, Aman; Sofo Haro, Miguel Francisco; Stefanazzi, Leandro; Tiffenberg, Javier Sebastian; Uemura, Sho; Volansky, Tomer; Yu, Tien Tien; SENSEI collaboration We present the first direct-detection search for sub-GeV dark matter using a new ∼2-gram high-resistivity Skipper CCD from a dedicated fabrication batch that was optimized for dark matter searches. Using 24 days of data acquired in the MINOS cavern at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, we measure the lowest rates in silicon detectors of events containing one, two, three, or four electrons, and achieve world-leading sensitivity for a large range of sub-GeV dark matter masses. Data taken with different thicknesses of the detector shield suggest a correlation between the rate of high-energy tracks and the rate of single-electron events previously classified as "dark current."We detail key characteristics of the new Skipper CCDs, which augur well for the planned construction of the ∼100-gram SENSEI experiment at SNOLAB.

Wide axial-ratio bandwidth crossed dipole RFID antenna Peruzzi, Victor M.; Masson, Favio Roman; Mandolesi, Pablo Sergio; Perotoni, Marcelo B. A circularly polarised RFID tag antenna with wide axial ratio bandwidth, wide impedance bandwidth and simple tuning network is presented. The antenna, based on the widely used crossed-dipole design, incorporates a novel matching network based on two large L-shaped strips joining the arms of the dipoles to match the impedance. The L-shaped strips create large area loops enabling the antenna to be adapted to the high inductances required for good matching without the currents flowing through them degrading the axial ratio of the antenna. The gain pattern, input impedance and axial ratio (AR) are computed with numerical simulation and measurements, resulting in a 30 MHz bandwidth based on the −3 dB Axial Ratio criterion, which can provide a maximum reading distance of 12.8 m.

Raptor Entanglement with Human Debris at Nests: A Patchy and Species-Specific Problem Mallet, Julieta; Liébana, María Soledad; Santillán, Miguel Ángel; Grande, Juan Manuel Several species of birds, including raptors, add man-made objects, stones, greenplants, skins and dung of animals to build and decorate their nests. However, there is a compromise between the use of new nesting material and the increased risk of nestling mortality due to entanglement or ingestion of debris. Here, we present a compilation of cases of entanglement in raptors and specifically in a very common but poorly studied South American raptor. We observed the decoration in 86 of 95 (90,5%) nests of Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) in an agricultural area of La Pampa province. Caracaras mainly incorporated agricultural twine in their nests and nestlings sometimes got entangled and died. We found 2 occurrences of entanglement during nine years of study. Decorating the nest, or at least to lean its interior with nylon twine, can impose a relevant death toll to Southern Caracaras, as has been found in other species elsewhere. Extension campaigns to reduce the misuse and the final disposal of debris materials such as baling twine in agricultural landscapes will be required to reduce this anthropic source of mortality in a species that although still common, is apparently reducing its numbers with the expansion of intensive agriculture.

Multiple thermochronometers applied to the quantitative analysis of compressive systems: The southern sub-Andean fold and thrust belt of Bolivia: From source rock to trap Hernandez, Juan I.; Hernández, Roberto M.; Dalenz Farjat, Alejandra; Cristallini, Ernesto Osvaldo; Alvarez, Luis A.; Dellmans, Luis M.; Costilla, Marcos Roberto; Alvarez, Andres F.; Becchio, Raul Alberto; Bordese, Sofia; Arzadún, Guadalupe; Guibaldo, Cristina; Glasmacher, Ulrich A.; Tomezzoli, Renata Nela; Stockli, Daniel F.; Fuentes, Facundo; Soria Galvarro, Jaime; Rosales, Adolfo; Dzelalija, Francisco; Haring, Claudio The evolution of fold and thrust belts requires time data restrictions to determine the rates related to the interaction of surface and subsurface processes and to quantify the time relationship between the components of the petroleum system: reservoir, seal, source rock and trap. The sub-Andean fold-and-thrust belt in the Bolivian territory in general, and the regional transect that links the structures of Curuyuqui-Carohuaicho-Tatarenda-Borebigua-Charagua and Mandeyapecua in particular, constitutes a complex multi-variable system in which the definition of time-Temperature (t-T) trajectories has led to new suitable structural and stratigraphic conclusions. The integration of multiple thermochronological-geochronological systems (Apatite Fission Track, Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He and UPb SHRIMP on zircon) and the existing surface and subsurface geological constraints made it possible to develop a chrono-kinematic characterization of fault-related anticlines, defining their formation chronology, structural growth rate and link between them in the study area. Furthermore, it was also possible to perform a quantitative analysis of the subsidence-burial and exhumation-erosion phenomena that occurred from the deposition of Silurian-Devonian source rocks to the present time, providing relevant determinations to the modeling of the Oil & Gas system.

Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala) parasitizing freshwater fishes: paratenicity and an exception to the phylogenetic conservatism of the genus? Levy, Eugenia; Rossin, Maria Alejandra; Braicovich, Paola Elizabeth; Timi, Juan Tomas Polymorphid acanthocephalans are parasites of marine mammals, waterfowl and ichthyophagous birds. Among these, the genus Profilicollis is known to use exclusively decapods as intermediate hosts. Here, we report the first record of living cystacanths of Profilicollis parasitizing the body cavity of a fish host, Oligosarcus jenynsii, inhabiting the freshwater section of an estuarial system, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, in south-east Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In this environment, cystacanths of Profilicollis chasmagnathi have been previously recorded infecting decapod crabs and as transient accidental infections in the gut of some carcinophagous fishes. In the present study, larvae from the crab Neohelice granulata, from the intestine of the estuarine fish Odontesthes argentinensis and from the body cavity of O. jenynsii were morphologically and genetically compared, confirming their identity as P. chasmagnathi, a species characteristic of estuaries and marine coasts along Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. These findings can be interpreted as a possible case of incipient paratenicity for Profilicollis, and a colonization event of freshwater habitats, probably promoted by the highly variable conditions, typical of ecotonal environments. In addition, cystacanths of the genus Polymorphus were also found in O. jenynsii, representing the first record of this genus in Oligosarcus from Argentina.

The diet of the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, a deep-sea top predator off Southwest Atlantic Ocean Troccoli, Gonzalo Horacio; Aguilar, Eduardo; Martínez, Patricia Alejandra; Belleggia, Mauro The present study is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of feeding habits of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides in Southwestern Atlantic (53–55°S, 351 to 1073 m depth) near Burdwood Bank/Namuncurá marine-protected area, where diet has not been previously investigated. Based on stomach content analyses of 441 specimens ranging from 38 to 190 cm total length (TL), our study tested the hypotheses that diet was influenced by TL, sex, maturity stage, depth, and region, using generalized linear models and information theory selection criteria. The Patagonian toothfish fed primarily on fish (morid cod Notophycis marginata, myctophids, rattails Macrourus holotrachys and Coelorinchus fasciatus, notothenids Patagonotothen ramsayi, and hoki Macruronus magellanicus), followed by cephalopods (Onykia ingens, Doryteuthis gahi) and shrimps (Acanthephyra pelagica). One case of cannibalism was recorded. The trophic level was 4.57 (4.22 juveniles, 4.78 adults). The pelagic fish and bathypelagic shrimp were more consumed in the east region, whereas demersal fish and cephalopods were more consumed in the west one. Ontogenetic dietary changes associated with TL and maturity stage were reported: pelagic fish and shrimp A. pelagica had the main importance in the diet of intermediate-sized toothfish, reinforcing the hypothesis that juveniles exhibited a bento-pelagic behavior. Demersal fish were more heavily consumed by juvenile specimens, and the size of demersal fish predated by Patagonian toothfish increased according to the predator TL. Cephalopods were more consumed by adults. The preference of sexually mature specimens for cephalopods could have a positive effect on spawning and egg quality.

Effect of blend composition and related morphology on the quasi-static fracture performance of LLDPE/PP blends Rosales, Caren Soledad; Bernal, Celina Raquel; Pettarin, Valeria In the present work, the effect of composition and related morphology on the fracture behavior of LLDPE/PP blends was thoroughly investigated. Fracture behaviors evaluated under quasi-static loading conditions and different fracture mechanics methodologies were applied to assess fracture toughness depending on the materials behavior. For pure PP and 2575 blend, J at instability was chosen whereas for blends which exhibited completely ductile behavior (such as LLDPE, 7525 and 5050), the EWF methodology was used. Fracture mechanisms were elucidated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy, and results correlated with blends morphology. It was observed that fracture properties are mostly dominated by the majority component properties. In addition, for the 5050 blend, the presence of a co-continuous morphology is responsible for the high scatter of experimental data obtained.

A New Species of Haimbachia Dyar (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Crambinae) Feeding on Spartina Schreb. (Spartinaceae) from Argentina Solis, M. Alma; Canepuccia, Alejandro Daniel; Farina, Juan Luis; Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo A new crambid moth, Haimbachia spartina Solis and Canepuccia, new species is described from Argentina and images of the adults and their genitalia are provided. The larvae were discovered feeding on species of saltmarsh cordgrass or Spartina Schreb. (Spartinaceae). This is the first description and illustration of a Haimbachia Dyar larva. Twelve species have been described in the Western Hemisphere, but only Haimbachia maroniella Dyar and Heinrich, has been previously described from South America. The new species is compared to H. maroniella and images are provided of its type specimen, labels, and male genitalia.

A review of the critics of invasion biology Cassini, Marcelo Hernan Herein, I review existing criticisms of the field of invasion biology. Firstly, I identifiy problems of conceptual weaknesses,including disagreements regarding: (i) definitions of invasive, impact, and pristine conditions, and (ii) ecological assumptionssuch as species equilibrium, niche saturation, and climax communities. Secondly, I discuss methodological problemsinclude the misuse of correlations, biases in impact reviews and risk assessment, and difficulties in predicting theeffects of species introductions or eradications. Finally, I analyse the social conflict regarding invasive species managementand differences in moral and philosophical foundations. I discuss the recent emergence of alternatives to traditionalinvasion biology approaches, including the concept of novel ecosystems, conciliation biology, and compassionate conservation.Understanding different value systems will be the first step to reconciling the different perspectives related to thiscontroversial topic.

Redescription of Promecostethus unifalculatus, the only known harvestman from Crozet Islands (Opiliones: Triaenonychidae) Lourenco Porto, Willians; Pérez González, Abel Promecostethus unifalculatus Enderlein, 1909, is the only representative of the order Opiliones from the Crozet Islands. The species belongs to the family Triaenonychidae and is biogeographically interesting because it is a candidate for transoceanic dispersal, a very rare event in this ancient family. Despite this significance, P. unifalculatus is taxonomically still poorly known, and a redescription of this species using modern taxonomic standards is urgently needed. Here we redescribe the species, offer the first description and illustrations of the male genitalia and provide a full exomorphological survey of the species using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, we provide an emended diagnosis for the genus Promecostethus and discuss its relationship with some morphologically similar genera.

Clinical uses of 5-aminolaevulinic acid in photodynamic treatment and photodetection of cancer: A review Casas, Adriana Gabriela ALA-mediated Photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) is one of the most promising fields in Photodynamic therapy (PDT) research for cancer treatment. 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is the prodrug of the photosensitiser Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). After ALA administration, cells generate PpIX through the haem biosynthetic pathway. Although the exact reasons for ALA/PpIX selectivity are unknown, it is believed that due to the special regulation of haem enzymes, PpIX is accumulated in the tumours. Both ALA and its derivative ALA Methyl ester, are mainly used in dermatology. Besides, ALA-PDT has been employed for palliative and even curative treatment of endoscopically accessible tumours. Lung, oesophagus, gastric and bladder carcinomas, and also oral premalignant lesions, gynaecological intraepithelial neoplasias and Barrett's oesophagus are the conditions mostly treated with ALA-PDT. However, due to the limited penetration of ALA and light, non-dermatologic uses of ALA-PDT have not moved beyond phase I clinical trials. On the other hand, ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence is successfully employed for the Photodynamic Diagnosis (PDD) or assistance in cytoreductive surgery (Fluorescence-guided Resection, FGR). ALA has been approved for the FGR of high-grade gliomas and ALA Hexyl ester, for fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. ALA-FGR is currently applied in brain, bladder, lung, colon cancers, etc. and ALA-PDD for oral premalignancies, gynaecological intraepithelial lesions and peritoneal metastases, among others. Besides, PDT can be applied concomitantly in the same diagnostic procedure. This review aimed to analyse the state of the art of clinical uses of ALA in the areas of treatment and detection in the non-dermatologic oncology fields.

Primer registro de basura en heces de puma (Puma concolor) en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares, provincia de Santa Cruz, República Argentina Bartolucci, Cristina; Guerisoli, Maria de Las Mercedes; Martin, Gabriel Mario En este trabajo reportamos el hallazgo de restos de basura en heces de puma en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares (PNLG), provincia de Santa Cruz (República Argentina). Los residuos fueron encontrados en tres heces de puma colectadas en los senderos de trekking dentro del PNLG, e incluyeron los siguientes ítems: hilo, fósforos y dos tipos de polietileno. A partir de estos resultados se recomienda continuar con el análisis de heces de puma e incorporar las de otros carnívoros presentes en el PNLG, para tener más elementos que permitan evaluar si se trata de un consumo accidental o si están cambiando algunos hábitos alimenticios.; In this work we report the finding of waste remains in puma feces in Los Glaciares National Park (LGNP), Santa Cruz province (Argentina). The residues were found in three puma feces collected on the trekking trails within the Park, and included the following items: thread, matches and two types of polyethylene. We recommend continuing with the analysis of puma feces, while incorporating samples from other carnivore species present in the park. This information will allow discerning whether animals are changing their feeding habits or if events like these are part of accidental consumption.

Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation Aiello, Ignacio; Mul Fedele, Malena Lis; Román, F.; Marpegan, Luciano; Caldart Valle, Carlos Sebastian; Chiesa, Juan José; Golombek, Diego Andrés; Finkielstein, C.V.; Paladino, Natalia Circadian disruption negatively affects physiology, posing a global health threat that manifests in proliferative, metabolic, and immune diseases, among others. Because outputs of the circadian clock regulate daily fluctuations in the immune response, we determined whether circadian disruption results in tumor-associated immune cell remodeling, facilitating tumor growth. Our findings show that tumor growth rate increased and latency decreased under circadian disruption conditions compared to normal light-dark (LD) schedules in a murine melanoma model. Circadian disruption induced the loss or inversion of daily patterns of M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages and cytokine levels in spleen and tumor tissues. Circadian disruption also induced (i) deregulation of rhythmic expression of clock genes and (ii) of cyclin genes in the liver, (iii) increased CcnA2 levels in the tumor, and (iv) dampened expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF/CIP1, all of which contribute to a proliferative phenotype.

Política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación frente a la coyuntura y la recuperación pospandemia Echeverry Mejia, Jorge Andres; Loray, Romina Paola; Galdos Frisancho, Melina; Villalba Morales, María Luisa La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha resaltado el rol que la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) desempeñan en la generación de respuestas de política pública basadas en evidencia y de desarrollos específicos para atender la problemática. En un contexto caracterizado por niveles de incertidumbre sin precedentes, gobiernos en distintos países del mundo han buscado en universidades, empresas de base tecnológica y centros de investigación, guía para dar respuesta a la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por el coronavirus. Tras el éxito de varias iniciativas en el sector (como las pruebas moleculares y los avances en el desarrollo de una vacuna), parece haberse creado un acuerdo alrededor de la necesidad de destinar más recursos a quienes materializan las actividades de CTI. Los gobiernos en América Latina, como consecuencia, han desplegado una serie de instrumentos de política pública con la finalidad de brindar apoyo al sector. No obstante, en un contexto que exige repensar las estructuras, prácticas y políticas de CTI, las respuestas de los gobiernos continúan reproduciendo (con un objetivo distinto) las estrategias y acciones que precisamente se necesita transformar.

Unraveling the gallol-driven assembly mechanism of thermoreversible supramolecular hydrogels inspired by ascidians Wolfel Sánchez, Alexis; Euti, Esteban; Picchio, Matías Luis; Romero, Marcelo Ricardo; Galván Josa, Víctor Martín; Martinelli, Marisa; Minari, Roque Javier; Alvarez Igarzabal, Cecilia Ines Polyphenols-based supramolecular hydrogels have recently attracted much attention as smart materials for applications in several technologies. Although great advances have been made in this field, there is a challenging need for creating new versatile materials that combine synthesis simplicity and suitable functional properties. In this work, inspired by the hydrogen bonding ability of pyrogallol-bearing proteins found in ascidians, we explored a small gallol analog, gallic acid (GA), as a dynamic crosslinker of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The fundamentals of the supramolecular assembly mechanism of PVA/GA hydrogels are studied for understanding the final properties of the obtained thermo-reversible hydrogels. The polymer deacetylation degree was a key factor to control the gelation kinetics, morphology, and properties of the supramolecular materials. Furthermore, the intercalation of GA molecules between PVA chains produced polymer crystals with a new spatial arrangement, modifying the elastic modulus of the supramolecular network and increasing its stability in water. With remarkable fast gelation ability, ascidian-inspired PVA-GA hydrogels may provide a promising platform for a wide range of biomedical applications including topical drug delivery of therapeutic proteins, wearable electronic devices, and 3D printing.

One-body entanglement as a quantum resource in fermionic systems Gigena, Nicolás Alejandro; Di Tullio, Marco; Rossignoli, Raúl Dante We show that one-body entanglement, which is a measure of the deviation of a pure fermionic state from a Slater determinant (SD) and is determined by the mixedness of the single-particle density matrix (SPDM), can be considered as a quantum resource. The associated theory has SDs and their convex hull as free states, and number conserving fermion linear optics operations (FLO), which include one-body unitary transformations and measurements of the occupancy of single-particle modes, as the basic free operations. We first provide a bipartitelike formulation of one-body entanglement, based on a Schmidt-like decomposition of a pure N-fermion state, from which the SPDM [together with the (N-1)-body density matrix] can be derived. It is then proved that under FLO operations the initial and postmeasurement SPDMs always satisfy a majorization relation, which ensures that these operations cannot increase, on average, the one-body entanglement. It is finally shown that this resource is consistent with a model of fermionic quantum computation which requires correlations beyond antisymmetrization. More general free measurements and the relation with mode entanglement are also discussed.

The ability of riboflavin-overproducing lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to survive under gastrointestinal conditions Hernández Alcántara, Annel M.; Pardo, Sandra; Mohedano, Mari Luz; Vignolo, Graciela Margarita; de Moreno, Maria Alejandra; Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph; Aznar, Rosa; López, Paloma Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is essential for humans and has to be obtained from the diet. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce this vitamin, and they can be used for in-situ fortification of foods. This could be an alternative to supplementation with chemically synthesized vitamin, to palliate riboflavin deficiencies in specific groups of people. Moreover, if the producing LAB could survive in the gastrointestinal stress (GIT) they could be added as probiotics in this environment. In the present study we tested two riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M5MA1-B2 and M9MG6-B2), spontaneous mutants of LAB isolated from chicha, a traditional Andean beverage. These two LAB, and also their isogenic strains M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12], expressing the mCherry protein from the pRCR12 plasmid, were evaluated in vitro under simulated GIT conditions. Among other, specifically developed protein fluorescence assays were used. The four LAB showed similar levels of adhesion (>6.0%) to Caco-2 cells, higher than that of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain (4.51%). Thus, LAB biofilm formation was assessed in the labeled cells by intracellular mCherry fluorescence and in the unlabeled parental strains by crystal violet staining. Both methods detected the formation of consistent biofilms by the L. plantarum strains. The quantification of mCherry fluorescence was also used to analyze LAB auto-aggregation properties. High levels of auto-aggregation were detected for both M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12]. Survival of LAB included in a commercial cereal-based food matrix (Incaparina) under GIT conditions was also evaluated. The four LAB were resistant in vitro to the stomach and intestinal stresses, and proliferated in this environment, indicating a protective and nutritional effect of the Incaparina on the bacteria. Also, M9MG6-B2 survival in the presence or absence of Incaparina was evaluated in vivo in a BALB/c mouse model. The administration of the M9MG6-B2 strain alone or together with Incaparina had no adverse effect on the health, growth and/or well-being of the rodents. In addition, an increment in the villus length/crypt depth ratio was observed. The overall results obtained indicate that the LAB studied have probiotic characteristics of interest for the development of functional foods.

Length and biomass data for Atlantic and Pacific seaweeds from both hemispheres Scrosati, Ricardo Augusto; MacDonald, Heather L.; Córdova, César A.; Casas, Graciela Noemi As the length of an organism is a unidimensional measure but its biomass is distributed across three dimensions, length and biomass are allometrically related in plants and animals. Due to the high interspecific morphological variation in nature (e.g., long, thin, and narrow flatworms vs. short and globose snails), the biomass–length relationship differs among species. Interest in the principles governing biomass–length allometry has sparked research about the drivers of biological form (West et al., 1999; Niklas and Enquist, 2001; Makarieva et al., 2005; Kleyer et al., 2019). Biomass–length allometry can ultimately be of practical value, such as for the non-destructive estimation of stand biomass (Scrosati, 2006a; Yuen et al., 2016) and productivity (Martin et al., 2014), the determination of body condition (Brodeur et al., 2020), or the unintrusive estimation of body mass (Turnbull et al., 2014; Coulis and Joly, 2017; Sohlström et al., 2018), which is in turn allometrically related to various biological processes (Brown et al., 2004; Marquet et al., 2005).

Confirming the Explosive Outflow in G5.89 with ALMA Zapata, Luis A.; Ho, Paul T. P.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Guzmán Ccolque, Estrella; Rodríguez, Luis F.; Reyes Valdés, José; Bally, John; Palau, Aina; Saito, Masao; Sanhueza, Patricio; Rivera Ortiz, P. R.; Rodríguez González, A. The explosive molecular outflow detected decades ago in the Orion BN/KL region of massive star formation was considered to be a bizarre event. This belief was strengthened by the nondetection of similar cases over the years with the only exception of the marginal case of DR21. Here, we confirm a similar explosive outflow associated with the UCHII region G5.89-0.39 that indicates that this phenomenon is not unique to Orion or DR21. Sensitive and high angular resolution (∼0.″1) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) observations show that the molecular outflow in the massive star-forming region G5.89-0.39 is indeed an explosive outflow with an age of about 1000 yr and a liberated kinetic energy of 1046-49 erg. Our new CO(2-1) ALMA observations revealed over 30 molecular filaments, with Hubble-like expansion motions, pointing to the center of UCHII region. In addition, the SiO(5-4) observations reveal warmer and strong shocks very close to the origin of the explosion, confirming the true nature of the flow. A simple estimation for the occurrence of these explosive events during the formation of the massive stars indicates an event rate of once every ∼100 yr, which is close to the supernovae rate.