A meta-analysis of SMEs literature based on the survey on access to finance of enterprises of the European central bank Martinez, Lisana Belén; Guercio, María Belén; Fernández Bariviera, Aurelio Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are substantial contributors to employment and to the GDP growth in many countries. Therefore, understanding their difficulties to find appropriate financial resources are a key task for policy makers. Despite being a long-debated topic, there are still several gaps in the literature, probably due to the lack of empirical data. A relatively new database, the Survey of Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE) emerged after the subprime crisis. It is regularly conducted by the European Central Bank and can provide new information on SMEs financing. This paper conducts a meta-analysis of the literature based upon this survey, identifying key working hypothesis, methodologies and results.

Dificultades y reacciones positivas del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto de la pandemia y del aislamiento obligatorio; Difficulties and positive reactions of the teaching-learning process in the context of the pandemic and of compulsory isolation Piantanida, Fernando Martín El presente texto tiene por objeto compartir las vivencias del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la cursada del Seminario Problemáticas del Mundo Mediterráneo durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2020, en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19 y del aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio. Hace referencia a los diversos problemas que docentes y estudiantes han tenido que enfrentar. Señala las prácticas pedagógicas y recursos virtuales empleados a los efectos de intentar solucionarlos. Y destaca que, pese a las dificultades del contexto, no todo fue negativo, sino que también hubo aspectos positivos a rescatar, tales como una adaptación favorable a una modalidad virtual imprevista, compelida por las circunstancias, y el esfuerzo y compromiso de docentes y estudiantes para llevar a cabo la continuidad pedagógica en una coyuntura adversa.; The aim of this text is to share the experiences of the teaching-learning process of the seminar Problems of the Mediterranean World during the first semester of 2020, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and of social, preventive and compulsory isolation. It refers to the various problems that teachers and students have had to face. It points out the pedagogical practices and virtual resources used in order to try to solve them. In spite of these difficulties, this article emphasizes that not everything has been negative. There were also positive aspects to be rescued, such as a favourable adaptation to an unforeseen virtual modality, compelled by the circumstances, and the effort and commitment of teachers and students to carry out the pedagogical continuity in an adverse situation.

1975: Muerto Franco, ¿qué debates y qué historias nos permitimos cuestionar?; 1975: Morto Franco, que debates e que histórias nos permitimos questionar? Minardi, Adriana Elizabeth Podríamos decir que, a partir de 1975, comienza en España un proceso de repatriación de la Historia que se impuso a través de tres olvidos: el de la República, el de la Guerra civil y el del Franquismo, pautado por la Transición democrática. Si entendemos que “toda narración, autobiográfica o novelesca, histórica o inventada depende de la memoria de alguien” (Vernon, 1989: 429), uno de los primeros actos en un relato es construir y representar una memoria ficticia e imitar el proceso rememorativo atendiendo a una concepción determinada de la memoria. Esta concepción depende de una estructura específica que conjuga una poética y una narrativa. En el siguiente artículo expondremos los debates acerca de las relaciones siempre conflictivas entre memoria, historia y política para luego proyectar el análisis a un texto autobiográfico.; Podemos dizer que, a partir de 1975, iniciou-se na Espanha um processo de repatriamento da história, imposto por três esquecimentos: o da República, o da Guerra Civil e o do franquismo, pautados pela transição democrática. Se entendermos que "toda narração, autobiográfica ou fictícia, histórica ou inventada depende da memória de alguém" (VERNON, 1989, p. 429), um dos primeiros atos de um relato é construir e representar uma memória fictícia e imitar o processo rememorativo atendendo a uma determinada concepção da memória. Essa concepção depende de uma estrutura específica que conjuga uma poética e uma narrativa. No artigo a seguir, exporemos os debates sobre as sempre conflitantes relações entre memória, história e política e projetaremos a análise a um texto autobiográfico.

Contenido total y disponibilidad de micronutrientes en suelos y excretas bovinas; Total content and availability of micronutrients in soils and livestock manure Ramos, Maria Laura; Moscuzza, Carlos Hernán; Fernandez Cirelli, Alicia The use of feedlot cattle manure appears as an important source of certain trace metals in soils that can be mobilized by water modifying the surface and groundwater quality. The current study is focused on assessing the availability of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) in manure from confined beef cattle systems and different soils of the Chaco-pampean plain, using a sequential extraction scheme. Soils and bovine manure coming from intensive (IS) and extensive (ES) beef cattle systems were collected. Total contents of Cu, Zn, Co and Mo were determined after microwave assisted acid digestion. Availability was evaluated through sequential extraction, including water-soluble and exchangeable fraction (EXCH), organic matter bound fraction (OM), inorganic precipitated fraction (INOR), and residual fraction (RES). Total Cu and Zn contents found in manure coming from IS were higher than the concentration of the aforementioned trace elements determined in all soils and manure analyzed from ES. EXCH-Cu only appears in IS cattle manure samples, while EXCH-Zn found in IS manure samples were higher than the soils samples analyzed. The higher levels of total and availability forms of Cu and Zn determined in IS manure compared to soils samples, require considering when this organic amendment is applied as fertilizer. These results indicate that the reuse of intensive cattle manure as fertilizer in agricultural areas could provide available forms of metals in soils and could contribute to reduce the environmental impact caused by the accumulation of excreta in pen soils during long periods in farms.; El uso de excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos de engorde bovino aparece como una fuente importante de ciertos metales traza en suelos, los cuales pueden ser movilizados por escorrentía y lixiviado, modificando la calidad de cursos de agua superficial y subterránea. Este trabajo propone evaluar la disponibilidad de cobre (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalto (Co) y molibdeno (Mo) en excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos de engorde bovino y en diferentes suelos de la llanura Chaco-pampeana, utilizando un procedimiento de extracción secuencial. Se recolectaron muestras de suelos y excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos (SI) y extensivos (SE) de producción de ganado vacuno. Los contenidos totales de Cu, Zn, Co y Mo se determinaron mediante digestión ácida asistida por microondas. La disponibilidad fue evaluada mediante un esquema de extracción secuencial que incluyó una fracción soluble en agua e intercambiable (INT), una fracción unida a materia orgánica (MO), una fracción inorgánica (INOR) y una fracción residual (RES). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron mayores contenidos totales y de la fracción intercambiable de Cu y Zn en excretas provenientes de SI respecto de las muestras de suelos y excretas provenientes de SE. Estos resultados indicarían que el uso de las excretas de sistemas intensivos de engorde bovino incrementaría las formas más disponibles de metales en suelos, de modo tal que su empleo como enmiendas orgánicas puede contribuir a reducir el impacto ambiental que origina su acumulación en suelos de corrales.

Neonicotinoids in global agriculture: Evidence for a new pesticide treadmill? Bakker, Lieneke; Werf, Wopke van der; Tittonell, Pablo; Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.; Bianchi, Felix J. J. A. Overreliance on synthetic insecticides in global agriculture is the outcome of a “pesticide treadmill,” in which insecticideinduced pest resistance development and the depletion of beneficial insect populations aggravate farmers’ pesticide dependencies. Examples of the pesticide treadmill have been witnessed repeatedly over the past seven decades, prompting the question whether the rapid uptake and usage patterns of neonicotinoid insecticides and their associated environmental impact are in accordance with this recurrent phenomenon. We hypothesize a conceptual framework in which treadmills are enforced by enabling or disabling drivers within four domains: pest management decisions at the farm level, characteristics of farming landscapes, science and technology, and societal demands. These drivers then tend to create a self-enforcing pesticide “lock-in.” We then analyze several post-1950s historical case studies with reference to this framework, e.g., those involving sprays of the highly hazardous DDT and methyl-parathion, in which the pesticide treadmill was initiated, sustained, and broken, and compare this with current patterns in neonicotinoid use. Historical case studies further illustrate how treadmills occur in three phases in which (i) a limited number of insecticides are routinely used, (ii) resistance development of pests results in the increased crop injury, prompting increased frequency of applications with a wider range of products, (iii) breaking out of the pesticide “lock-in” by policy change and adoption of alternative technologies that lowered chemical inputs and improved agro-ecosystem functioning. The analysis shows similarities as well as differences between neonicotinoid usage patterns and historic pesticide treadmills, and provides guidance on how to effectively avoid or dismantle pesticide treadmills in global agriculture.

Relevamiento de aspectos técnicos de pH y otros parámetros de calidad establecidos por Brasil para el ingreso de productos pesqueros congelados: Valores de referencia para merluza común (Merluccius hubbsi) Massa, Agueda Elena; Agüeria, Daniela Alejandra; Campos, Carmen Adriana; Czerner, Marina; Fernández, Lorena; Miscoria, Silvia Alejandra; Primost, Monica Angelina; Volpedo, Alejandra El presente informe se realiza en base a la solicitud realizada por el Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA) para resolver la problemática relacionada con la exportación de pescado enfriado y congelado a la República Federativa de Brasil. SENASA solicita asistencia para relevar los aspectos científico-técnicos respecto a la validez de la determinación de pH como parámetro de frescura y determinar, de ser factible, valores de referencia para las especies ícticas argentinas. En este sentido la Red de Seguridad Alimentaria de CONICET (RSA) ha conformado un grupo ad hoc interdisciplinario e interinstitucional que ha realizado un relevamiento y análisis de las publicaciones disponibles relacionadas con diferentes aspectos técnicos de pH y otros parámetros de calidad (nitrógeno básico volátil total NBVT, fósforo total, contenido de sodio y de potasio, relación humedad/proteínas, niveles de histamina) utilizados en productos pesqueros congelados, particularmente para merluza común (Merluccius hubbsi). Además, se hizo un relevamiento de las normativas de Argentina y Brasil, así también como de disposiciones internacionales (USA, Canadá, Unión Europea) en relación a valores de referencia pH y de otros parámetros de calidad aplicados a productos pesqueros congelados.

Possible Assessment of Calf Venous Pump Efficiency by Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach Niccolini, Gianni; Manuello, Andrea; Capone, Antonio; Marongiu, Giuseppe; Dell'osa, Antonio Héctor; Fois, Andrea; Velluzzi, Fernanda; Concu, Alberto Three-dimensional simulations of peripheral, deep venous flow during muscular exercise in limbs of healthy subjects and in those with venous dysfunction were carried out by a computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) approach using the STAR CCM + platform. The aim was to assess the effects of valvular incompetence on the venous calf pump efficiency. The model idealizes the lower limb circulation by a single artery, a capillary bed represented by a porous region and a single vein. The focus is on a segment of the circuit which mimics a typical deep vein at the level of the calf muscle, such as the right posterior tibial vein. Valves are idealized as ball valves, and periodic muscle contractions are given by imposing time-dependent boundary conditions to the calf segment wall. Flow measurements were performed in two cross-sections downstream and upstream of the calf pump. Model results demonstrate a reduced venous return for incompetent valves during calf exercise. Two different degrees of valvular incompetence are considered, by restricting the motion of one or both valves. Model results showed that only the proximal valve is critical, with a 30% reduction of venous return during calf exercise in case of valvular incompetence: the net flow volume ejected by the calf in central direction was 0.14 mL per working cycle, against 0.2 mL for simulated healthy limbs. This finding appeared to be consistent with a 25% reduction of the calf ejection fraction, experimentally observed in chronic venous disease limbs compared with healthy limbs.

Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is Latin America Ready for Primetime? Mazzolini Rizzo, Guillermo Daniel; Iracheta, Alexis; Malvicini, Mariana; Bayo Fina, Juan Miguel Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its mortality is increasing steadily.1 HCC incidence has grown in the last twenty years driven at least in part by the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).2 Unfortunately, overall survival rate for patients with HCC at 5 years is near 18%, which reflects how complex and resistant to systemic therapies this devastating disease is.2 Although new systemic drugs have been approved for advanced HCC in the first and second line, prolonging overall survival beyond a year is still difficult.1

Erratum: Search for photons with energies above 1018 eV using the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Aab, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Al Samarai, I.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Allekotte, Ingomar; Almela, A.; Alvarez Castillo, J.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Anastasi, G. A.; Anchordoqui, Luis A.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Arqueros, F.; Arsene, N.; Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo; Assis, P.; Aublin, J.; Avila, G.; Badescu, A. M.; Balaceanu, A.; Barreira Luz, R. J.; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K. H.; Bellido, J.A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M. E.; Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis; Sciutto, Sergio Juan 1 Exposure calculation Due to a mistake in the numerical integration following eq. (6.2) of the original article [1], the exposure shown in figure 5 of the original article was incorrect. The correct exposure is shown in figure 1. 2 Upper limits on the integral photon flux and fraction The incorrect exposure affects the calculation of the upper limits on the integral photon flux following eq. (6.1) of the original article. The correct values for the upper limits are 0.038, 0.010, 0.009, 0.008 and 0.007 km−2 sr−1 yr−1 for threshold energies of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV. The correct values for the upper limits on the integral photon fraction subsequently derived are 0.14 %, 0.17 %, 0.42 %, 0.86 % and 2.9 % for the same threshold energies. 3 Author list The author list of this erratum also corrects a mistake made in the original article, where F. Zuccarello was missing and Z. Zong was listed twice.

Swimming behavior and performance of the marsh rat Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827) (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) Torres Monges, Julio Cesar; Santori, Ricardo T.; Rocha Barbosa, Oscar; Candela, Adriana Magdalena; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J. Semiaquatic habits evolved in several Sigmodontinae rodent species, but this issue remains poorly studied. The marsh rat Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827) has been associated with palustrine wetland environments and exhibits several morphological traits related to the semiaquatic habit. However, its swimming behavior and the way its morphological specializations contribute to it have not been evaluated so far in this species. This note focuses on describing and quantifying the swimming behavior and swimming performance of H. vulpinus. In order to address these issues, five individuals of H. vulpinus, four adults and one subadult, were filmed while swimming and their performance was quantified. The obtained results indicate that the swimming mode is bipedal paddling, alternating the stroke of the hind feet. The quantitative indicators also qualify H. vulpinus as a good swimmer compared to other terrestrial and semiaquatic mammals.

Plastic ingestion and dispersion by vultures may produce plastic islands in natural areas Ballejo, Fernando; Plaza, Pablo; Speziale, Karina Lilian; Lambertucci, Agustina P.; Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin Rubbish dumps can become an important environmental source of plastic. Several species feed on organic waste from these sites, but at the same time are exposed to non-organic materials. Species that can gather food in these sites might at the same time disperse waste consumed, but this has rarely been evaluated. We compare the occurrence of plastic debris in regurgitated pellets of three sympatric vultures from northwest Patagonia, Andean condors (Vultur gryphus), black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), foraging in different degrees of humanized sites. We also evaluate the influence of rubbish dumps in the presence of plastic debris in pellets of the studied species and their potential role in spreading plastic to the environment. Most synthetic material present in pellets was plastic. Pellets of Andean condors, which avoid disturbed anthropic sites in this area, showed almost no plastic debris compared with the other sympatric vulture species, suggesting an influence of the foraging habits on plastic ingestion. For black and turkey vultures, we found that rubbish dumps may be an important source of plastic. The occurrence of plastic debris in pellets of black vultures sampled in 2010 and 2020 increased, probably associated with the increase in urbanization and waste production in the study area. Avian scavengers were exposed to and are able to transport plastic to distant communal roosts generating “plastic islands”. It is necessary to reduce plastic generation and better waste management practices to avoid species and environments to be affected by this pollutant.

Sex differences in the use of spatial cues in two avian brood parasites Lois Milevicich, Jimena; Kacelnik, Alex; Reboreda, Juan Carlos Shiny and screaming cowbirds are avian interspecific brood parasites that locate and prospect host nests in daylight and return from one to several days later to lay an egg during the pre-dawn twilight. Thus, during nest location and prospecting, both location information and visual features are available, but the latter become less salient in the low-light conditions when the nests are visited for laying. This raises the question of how these different sources of information interact, and whether this reflects different behavioural specializations across sexes. Differences are expected, because in shiny cowbirds, females act alone, but in screaming cowbirds, both sexes make exploratory and laying nest visits together. We trained females and males of shiny and screaming cowbird to locate a food source signalled by both colour and position (cues associated), and evaluated performance after displacing the colour cue to make it misleading (cues dissociated). There were no sex or species differences in acquisition performance while the cues were associated. When the colour cue was relocated, individuals of both sexes and species located the food source making fewer visits to non-baited wells than expected by chance, indicating that they all retained the position as an informative cue. In this phase, however, shiny cowbird females, but not screaming, outperformed conspecific males, visiting fewer non-baited wells before finding the food location and making straighter paths in the search. These results are consistent with a greater reliance on spatial memory, as expected from the shiny cowbird female’s specialization on nest location behaviour.

La dictadura militar en el campo chaqueño: una aproximación a sus características, temporalidades y magnitudes; The military dictatorship in the Chaco countryside: an approximation to its characteristics, temporalities and magnitudes Calvo, Claudia Hacia fines de los años sesenta el campesinado del noreste del país, nucleado alrededor de los complejos agroindustriales, asistió a un proceso de movilización política. En noviembre de 1970 en Chaco se crearon las Ligas Agrarias, tras la confluencia de la Unión de Jóvenes cooperativistas y el Movimiento Rural de Acción Católica. Impulsaron la distribución y titulación de la tierra, la regulación de la comercialización y la producción por parte del Estado. Enfrentaron a los monopolios de la comercialización y al poder terrateniente. Partícipes del proceso de radicalización popular, las Ligas sufrieron la persecución política desde inicios de 1975. Acusados de subversivos, sus principales dirigentes fueron detenidos y las bases acosadas por fuerzas parapoliciales. Con el golpe de Estado de 1976 fueron desmanteladas. Este artículo analiza las características que asumió la represión en el campo a partir del golpe de Estado de 1976, atendiendo a las continuidades y rupturas que supuso el quiebre institucional en la dinámica y características de la violencia estatal y para estatal sobre las Ligas ya desde comienzos de la década. El trabajo apunta a reflexionar sobre la el modo en que se inscribió regionalmente el terrorismo de Estado antes y después del golpe.; Towards the end of the 1960s, the peasantry in the northeast of the country, nucleated around the agro-industrial complexes, witnessed a process of political mobilization. In November 1970 in Chaco the Agrarian Leagues were created, after the confluence of the Union of Young Cooperatives and the Rural Movement of Catholic Action. They promoted the distribution and titling of land, the regulation of commercialization and production by the State. They faced the monopolies of commercialization and landlord power. Participants in the process of popular radicalization, the Leagues suffered political persecution since the beginning of 1975. Accused of being subversives, their main leaders were arrested and the bases harassed by para-police forces. With the 1976 coup they were dismantled. This article analyzes the characteristics that repression assumed in the countryside as of the 1976 coup d’état, taking into account the continuities and ruptures that the institutional breakdown in the dynamics and characteristics of state and para-state violence on the Leagues since the beginning of the decade. The work aims to reflect on the way in which State terrorism was registered regionally before and after the coup.

Jóvenes e inclusión socio-laboral: reflexiones desde un abordaje multimétodo sobre el Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo (PJMYMT); Youth and socio-labor inclusion: reflections from a multi-method approach to the Youth with More and Better Work Program (PJMYMT) Ferraris, Sabrina Alejandra; Roberti, María Eugenia Desde principios de la década de 1990 han surgido en Argentina -siguiendo una tendencia latinoamericana- un conjunto de políticas y programas que buscan incidir en la constitución de las trayectorias de los/as jóvenes, con el objetivo de apoyarlos en sus primeras transiciones laborales. En el marco de esta problemática, el propósito del estudio es examinar de qué manera las políticas activas de empleo, que se configuran dentro de un nuevo paradigma de protección social, contribuyen a la inclusión socio-laboral juvenil. Específicamente, se busca comprender la configuración de las trayectorias de jóvenes que participan del PJMYMT (Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo), con la finalidad de avanzar en una reflexión que permita analizar, desde una aproximación multimétodo en base a estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas, los recorridos que desarrollan los/as participantes dentro del programa, en particular, sus pasajes por prestaciones que generan vínculos efectivos con el empleo.; Since the beginning of the 1990s, a set of policies and programs have emerged in Argentina -following a Latin American trendthat seek to influence the constitution of the trajectories of young people, with the aim of supporting them in their first labor transitions. Within the framework of this problem, the purpose of the study is to examine how active employment policies, which are configured within a new social protection paradigm, contribute to the socio-labor inclusion of young people. Specifically, it seeks to understand the configuration of the trajectories of young people who participate in the PJMYMT (Youth with More and Better Work Program), with the purpose of advancing in a reflection that allows analyzing, from a multi-method approach with qualitative and quantitative strategies, the routes developed by the participants in the program, in particular, their passages for benefits that generate effective links with employment.

Gestión y conceptualización de las interacciones con el entorno en universidades argentinas; Management and conceptualization of interactions with the environment in Argentine universities Di Bello, Mariana Eva; Romero, Lucia Ana; Soca, Fernanda Andrea; Sanchez, Pablo Gabriel El trabajo analiza de forma comparada concepciones de funcionarios universitarios e instrumentos de gestión de la relación con el entorno comunitario en cuatro universidades nacionales argentinas: Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ) y Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ). Se utilizan técnicas de revisión de documentos institucionales y análisis interpretativo de entrevistas. Los hallazgos encontrados revelan una jerarquización de espacios organizacionales y la generación de nuevos instrumentos de política y gestión para la interacción con el medio. Se identifican tres modalidades predominantes de interacción con el medio: a) la universidad como sede; b) la participación en polos científico-tecnológicos y c) el establecimiento de nodos.; This work analyses, in a comparative way, university´ staff conceptions and management devices that promote interactions with the community environment in four Argentine national universities: Universidad Nacional del Sur, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes and Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. The analytic procedure entails institutional documents review along with interpretive analysis of interviews. Findings reveal a hierarchy of organizational spaces and the generation of new policy and management instruments for the environment interaction. Three main types of universities-socio-economic setting relationships are identified: a) the university as a site; b) the participation on scientific-technological poles and c) the settling of nodes.

Formación profesional y gestión del saber: los casos de la construcción y automotriz en Argentina; Vocational training and management knowledge: the case of construction and automotive in Argentina Granovsky, Pablo; Alfredo, Miguel Angel El siguiente artículo se propone aportar al debate de la política pública en Argentina a partir del papel que desarrolla el actor sindical dentro de la modalidad Formación Profesional. Retomando el desarrollo institucional de la misma, se describe el anclaje territorial y los perfiles profesionales desarrollados para dicha modalidad. En este punto, se busca problematizar sobre las particularidades que la construcción de las políticas de formación profesional asume en contextos de interacción con actores institucionales altamente especializados en los saberes y prácticas propias de las relaciones laborales y actividades sectoriales. Se recupera la experiencia de Formación Profesional gestionada por UOCRA (Unión Obrera de la Construcción de la República Argentina) y SMATA (Sindicato de Mecánicos y Afines del Transporte Automotor). A partir de entrevistas a informantes claves con inserción en la gestión de la Formación Profesional perteneciente al actor sindical y referentes técnicos, el artículo debate con interpretaciones ortodoxas y propone como marco analítico la acción pública y la sectorialización de la formación. El objetivo del artículo es aportar al debate entre el vínculo educación y trabajo a partir de la caracterización de la Formación Profesional como propio de gestión y dentro de un marco político-institucional situado.; The following article is proposed to contribute to the debate of public policy in Argentina based on the role played by the union actor in the Vocational Training modality. Taking up the institutional development of the same, the territorial anchorage and professional profiles developed for this modality are described. The experience of Professional Training managed by UOCRA (Construction Workers Union of the Republic of Argentina) and SMATA (Mechanics and Related Trade Union of Automotive Transport) is recovered. From interviews with key informants with insertion in the management of Vocational Training belonging to the union actor and technical referents, the article discusses with orthodox interpretations and proposes as an analytical framework the public action and the sectorialization of the training. The objective of the article is to contribute to the debate between the education and work link based on the characterization of Vocational Training as its own management and within a situated political-institutional framework.

La violencia sexual es política. Un análisis de Campo de Batalla: Cuerpo de Mujer (Fernando Álvarez, Argentina, 2013) Tornay, Lizel; Alvarez, Victoria La lógica figurativa de los films, más allá de exhibir el mundo, construye sentidos que dialogan y disputan con otros vigentes. Por eso el cine constituye un discurso social privilegiado teniendo en cuenta, además, su capacidad de atravesar distintos niveles de realidad. De tal manera los relatos cinematográficos no solo se presentan como fuentes para el historiador sino también operan como agentes en la construcción de la historia y en su agencia pueden producir intervenciones políticas significativas. Este trabajo se propone analizar el film documental Campo de Batalla. Cuerpo de Mujer (Fernando Álvarez, Argentina, 2013) como agente de sentidos e intervención política. Con este propósito partirá de conceptualizaciones provenientes del campo de los estudios de género, los estudios visuales, aquellos referidos a la construcción de la memoria, los aportes de la historia cultural respecto a las representaciones y la construcción de sensibilidades.; The figurative logic of the films, beyond exhibiting the world, constructs senses that dialogue and dispute with others in force. That is why the cinema constitutes a privileged social discourse, taking into account, in addition, its capacity to cross different levels of reality. In such a way the cinematographic narratives are not only presented as sources for the historian but also operate as agents in the construction of history and in their agency can produce significant political interventions. This work aims to analyze the documentary film Battlefield. Body of Woman as agent of senses and political intervention. With this purpose it will start from , conceptualizations coming from the field of gender studies, visual studies, those referring to the construction of memory, the contributions of cultural history with respect to representations and the construction of sensibilities.; A lógica figurativa dos filmes, além de exibir o mundo, constrói sentidos que dialogam e competem com outros em vigor. Causa disso o cinema constitui um discurso social privilegiado levando em conta, além disso, a sua capacidade de atravessar diferentes níveis de realidade. Desta forma os relatos cinematográficos não só se apresentam como fontes para o historiador mas também operam como agentes na construção da história e na sua agência podem produzir intervenções políticas significativas. Este trabalho visa analisar o documentário Campo de batalha. Corpo de mulher como agente de sentidos e intervenção política. Nesse intuito vai partir de conceitualizações que provem dos estudos de gênero, dos estudos visuais, e daqueles referidos à construção da memória, e da história cultural no que diz respeito às representações e à construção de sensibilidades.

Numerical study of damaged micro-lattice blocks subjected to uniaxial compressive loading Braun, Matias Nicolas; Iváñez, I. This article presents a numerical study on the mechanical behaviour of damaged micro-lattice (ML) blocks submitted to uniaxial compressible loads. The numerical model is implemented in the commercial finite-element code Abaqus/Standard. From the finite-element model, the initial stiffness and the Yield stress of ML blocks are calculated. The damage in ML blocks is modelled as manufacturing defects, that are included in the ML structures using a random algorithm implemented in MatLab. The numerical model is validated with experimental data from uniaxial compression tests carried out on ML intact blocks by other authors. The analysis of the mechanical behaviour of ML blocks is presented in terms of variations of damage percentage, cell type and cell size.

Ráfagas de aire, formas de habitar los sitios de memoria: Muestra de fotografías en el Museo de Arte y Memoria (MAM) de La Plata Jean Jean, Melina; Basso, Florencia El 29 de junio de 2011 se sancionó en Argentina la Ley Nacional 26.691 que declara Sitios de Memoria a los lugares que funcionaron como centros clandestinos de detención, tortura y exterminio (CCDTyE) o donde sucedieron hechos emblemáticos del accionar de la represión ilegal desarrollada durante el terrorismo de Estado ejercido en el paí­s hasta el 10 de diciembre de 1983. Como autoridad de aplicación, la Secretarí­a de Derechos Humanos de la Nación a través de la Dirección Nacional de Sitios de Memoria reglamentó la Ley en el 2014 y se comprometió a garantizar la preservación, señalización y difusión de los sitios, así­ como también su gestión, y la promoción y asistencia de proyectos de nuevos espacios de memoria. De esta forma, se consolidó el trabajo interjurisdiccional que se vení­a desarrollando desde la Red Federal de Sitios de Memoria, creada en el 2006 en la órbita del Archivo Nacional de la Memoria.

On necessary and sufficient conditions for strong hyperbolicity in systems with constraints Abalos, Julio Fernando; Reula, Oscar Alejandro In this work, we study constant-coefficient first order systems of partial differential equations and give necessary and sufficient conditions for those systems to have a well-posed Cauchy problem. In many physical applications, due to the presence of constraints, the number of equations in the PDE system is larger than the number of unknowns, thus the standard Kreiss conditions can not be directly applied to check whether the system admits a well-posed initial value formulation. In this work, we find necessary and sufficient conditions such that there exists a reduced set of equations, of the same dimensionality as the set of unknowns, which satisfy Kreiss conditions and so are well defined and properly behaved evolution equations. We do that by studying the systems using the Kronecker decomposition of matrix pencils and, once the conditions are met, finding specific families of reductions which render the system strongly hyperbolic. We show the power of the theory in some examples: Klein Gordon, the ADM, and the BSSN equations by writing them as first order systems, and studying their Kronecker decomposition and general reductions.