Determining mehlich‐3 and DTPA extractable soil zinc optimum economic threshold for maize Martínez Cuesta, Nicolás; Wyngaard, Nicolás; Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene; Reussi Calvo, Nahuel Ignacio; Carciochi, Walter Daniel; Eyherabide, Mercedes; Colazo, Juan Cruz; Barraco, Mariano Manuel; Guertal, Elizabeth A.; Barbieri, Pablo Andres Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most susceptible crops to zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, in much of the world, soil Zn tests are poorly calibrated, and thus determining a critical soil test, level for Zn is challenging. The objectives of this study were to: (i) produce a field calibration of the Zn Mehlich-3 (M3-Zn) method for predicting maize grain yield response to Zn fertilizer application, (ii) compare the capacity of DTPA extractable Zn (DTPA-Zn) with M3-Zn for predicting the response of maize yield to Zn fertilizer, (iii) determine whether inclusion of soil pH, organic matter (SOM) and extractable phosphorus in a M3-Zn model improves its predictive capacity and (iv) evaluate an economic approach for determining soil Zn thresholds. We conducted 55 field experiments covering a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. Maize responded to Zn fertilizer in 29% of the trials. The capacity of M3-Zn and DTPA-Zn to predict relative yield of maize was similar. Inclusion of other soil variables (pH, extractable phosphorus and SOM) did not or only slightly improve the prediction of M3-Zn. Based on the relationship between M3-Zn and DTPA-Zn (R2 = 0.89), one test can be predicted from the other without affecting the calibration. The M3-Zn 'economic threshold' ranged from 0.98 to 2.79 mg kg−1, while for DTPA-Zn it varied from 0.41 to 1.61 mg kg−1. The broad range of economic thresholds shows that differences in maize productivity and grain price between regions and seasons make establishing a single Zn threshold for all economic-productive situations inappropriate.

Magnetic field driven enhancement of the weak decay width of charged pions Coppola, Máximo; Gomez Dumm, Daniel Alberto; Zeballos Noguera, Diego Santiago; Scoccola, Norberto Nerio We study the effect of a uniform magnetic field B~ on the decays π − → l − ν¯l , where l − = e −, µ−, carrying out a general analysis that includes four π − decay constants. Taking the values of these constants from a chiral effective Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, it is seen that the total decay rate gets strongly increased with respect to the B = 0 case, with an enhancement factor ranging from ∼ 10 for eB = 0.1 GeV2 up to ∼ 103 for eB = 1 GeV2 . The ratio between electronic and muonic decays gets also enhanced, reaching a value of about 1 : 2 for eB = 1 GeV2 . In addition, we find that for large B the angular distribution of outgoing antineutrinos shows a significant suppression in the direction of the magnetic field.

Lugares de memoria en la literatura de Laura Alcoba; Lugares de memória na literatura de Laura Alcoba Fit, Rocio Celeste Los lugares de memoria refieren, desde Pierre NORA (1984), a objetos simbólicos que fijan un modelo de representación del pasado mediante procesos dinámicos y plurales. En este trabajo se revisan las principales representaciones sobre la Casa Mariani-Teruggi, una central clandestina de Montoneros en la que fueron desaparecidas seis personas durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina. Laura Alcoba revisita la casa como un lugar de memoria en las fronteras entre la realidad y la ficción, entre el arte y la política. En esa dirección, se focaliza la lectura de La casa de los conejos ([2008] 2010) considerando la centralidad del cronotopos (BAJTÍN 1989) de la casa operativa. Finalmente, se trabajan las vinculaciones trazadas entre esta primera novela, El azul de las abejas (2014) y La danza de la araña (2017), que configuran una trilogía sobre la experiencia de la infancia entre la dictadura y el exilio.; Os lugares da memória se referem, desde Pierre NORA (1984), a objetos simbólicos que fixam um modelo de representação do passado através de processos dinâmicos e plurais. Neste trabalho revisam-se as principais representações sobre a Casa Mariani-Teruggi, uma central clandestina de Montoneros onde desapareceram seis pessoas durante a última ditadura militar na Argentina. Laura Alcoba revisita a casa como um lugar de memória nas fronteiras entre a realidade e a ficção, entre a arte e a política. Nessa direção, se focaliza na leitura de La casa de los conejos ([2008] 2010) considerando a centralidade do cronotopos (BAJTIN 1989) da casa operativa. Finalmente, se trabalham as ligações traçadas entre essa primeira novela, El azul de las abejas (2014) e La danza de la araña (2017), que configuram uma trilogia sobre a experiência da infância entre a ditadura e o exílio.

Fronteras, representaciones y relatos espaciales: La Iglesia Católica Salteña en el caso del culto de Urkupiña en la ciudad de Salta - Argentina; Borders, representations and spatial stories: the salteña catholic church in the case of the Urkupiña cult in the city of Salta- Argentina; Representações e histórias espaciais: a igreja católica salteña no caso do culto Urkupiña na cidade de Salta- Argentina Nava Le Favi, Daniela Andrea El trabajo retoma una mirada interdisciplinaria en el cruce de aportes queprovienen de la semiótica, la comunicación cultura y estudios sobre la religiosidad de vertientes antropológicas, históricas y sociológicas para comprender cómo la Iglesia Católica salteña ejerce el poder de controlar, disciplinar y legislar los espacios del culto de Urkupiña en la ciudad de Salta por ser -además- una devoción alejada de los rituales del canon católico y más cercana al carnaval bajtiniano. Para ello, se intenta explorar una serie de acontecimientos vinculados a la llegada de la Virgen a la ciudad de Salta en el año 2014. Allí, se mira cómo el recorrido que hace el bulto articula un relato espacial desde la visión eclesial lo que habla, de algún modo, sobre cómo la hegemonía piensa que se puede habitar y transitar la ciudad. El trabajo explora la significación de los recorridos, las legislaciones espaciales, las fronteras en un acto de fijación y delimitación de un campo cerrado discursivo donde, de alguna manera, la Iglesia activa los campos de representación de esos espacios e impregna a la devoción con los mismos.; ABSTRACT: The work takes an interdisciplinary look at the intersection of contributions that come from semiotics, cultural communication and studies on the religiosity of anthropological, historical and sociological aspects to understand how the catholic church of Salta exercises the power to control, discipline and legislate spaces of the cult of Urkupiña in the city of Salta for being - in addition - a devotion far from the rituals of the catholic canon and closer to the bajtinian carnival. To do this, an attempt is made to explore a series of events linked to the arrival of the virgin in the city of Salta in 2014. There, we look at how makes articulates a spatial account from the ecclesial vision of what it speaks, somehow, on how the hegemony thinks that the city can be inhabited and transit. The work explores the significance of the routes, the spatial legislation, the borders in an act of fixing and delimiting a closed discursive field where, in some way, the church activates the fields of representation of those spaces and impregnates devotion with the themselves.; O trabalho analisa interdisciplinarmente a interseção de contribuições oriundas da semiótica, da comunicação cultural e de estudos sobre religiosidade a partir de aspectos antropológicos, históricos e sociológicos para entender como a igreja católica de Salta exerce o poder de controlar, disciplinar e legislar espaços do culto de Urkupiña na cidade de Salta por ser - além disso - uma devoção longe dos rituais do cânone católico e mais perto do carnaval bajtiniano. Para isso, é feita uma tentativa de explorar uma série de eventos ligados à chegada da virgem à cidade de Salta em 2014. Aqui, vemos como articula uma conta espacial da visão eclesial do que ele fala, de alguma maneira, como a hegemonia pensa que a cidade pode ser habitada e transitar. O trabalho explora o significado das rotas, a legislação espacial, as fronteiras em um ato de fixar e delimitar um campo discursivo fechado, onde, de alguma forma, a igreja ativa os campos de representação desses espaços e impregna a devoção. Palabras clave: rizoma- representações - histórias espaciais- fronteiras.

In flow metal-enhanced fluorescence for biolabelling and biodetection Gontero, Daniela; Veglia, Alicia Viviana; Bracamonte, Angel Guillermo Escherichia colibacteria were determined by in flow cytometry with laser excitation and fluorescence detection applying ultraluminescent core-shell nanoparticles based on Metal Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF). Core-shell nanoparticles consisted of a 40 nm core modified with a silica spacer grafted with Rhodamine B (RhB). The electromagnetic field in the near field of the core surface enhanced the fluorescence of RhB by plasmonic and fluorophore coupling. The hydrophilic silica spacer allowed the non-covalent interaction with the polarE. colisurface and thus ultraluminescent bacteria biolabelling was developed. Clearly, well defined and bright bacteria imaging was recorded by Laser Fluorescence Microscopy based on the non-covalent deposition of the ultraluminescent nano-emitters. Using these nano-labellers, it was possible to detect labelledE. coliby in flow cytometry. Higher values of Side-scattered light (SSC) and Forward-scattered light (FSC), and number of fluorescent event detections, were observed for labelled bacteria compared to those non-labelled. The sensitivity of the methodology was evaluated by varying bacteria concentration and acceptable analytical figures of merit were determined. Applying this methodology we could quantifyE. colifrom a synthetic real sample of fortified water. Similar results were obtained by bacteria counting with Laser Fluorescence Microscopy and with a cell-bacteria counter.

Neotectonic Activity in the Low-Strain Broken Foreland (Santa Bárbara System) of the North-Western Argentinean Andes (26°S) Arnous, Ahmad; Zeckra, Martin; Venerdini, Agostina Lia; Alvarado, Patricia Monica; Arrowsmith, Ramón; Guillemoteau, Julien; Landgraf, Angela; Gutiérrez, Antonio; Strecker, Manfred R. Uplift in the broken Andean foreland of the Argentine Santa Bárbara System (SBS) is associated with the contractional reactivationof basement anisotropies, similar to those reported from the thick-skinned Cretaceous-Eocene Laramide province of NorthAmerica. Fault scarps, deformed Quaternary deposits and landforms, disrupted drainage patterns, and medium-sizedearthquakes within the SBS suggest that movement along these structures may be a recurring phenomenon, with yet to bedefined repeat intervals and rupture lengths. In contrast to the Subandes thrust belt farther north, where eastward-migratingdeformation has generated a well-defined thrust front, the SBS records spatiotemporally disparate deformation along structuresthat are only known to the first order. We present herein the results of geomorphic desktop analyses, structural fieldobservations, and 2D electrical resistivity tomography and seismic-refraction tomography surveys and an interpretation ofseismic reflection profiles across suspected fault scarps in the sedimentary basins adjacent to the Candelaria Range (CR)basement uplift, in the south-central part of the SBS. Our analysis in the CR piedmont areas reveals consistency between theresults of near-surface electrical resistivity and seismic-refraction tomography surveys, the locations of prominent fault scarps,and structural geometries at greater depth imaged by seismic reflection data. We suggest that this deformation is driven bydeep-seated blind thrusting beneath the CR and associated regional warping, while shortening involving Mesozoic and Cenozoicsedimentary strata in the adjacent basins was accommodated by layer-parallel folding and flexural-slip faults that cut throughQuaternary landforms and deposits at the surface.

Yerba Mate as a Settler Crop: From the Decline of Old-Growth Trees to the Rise of Plantations; La yerba mate como cultivo poblador: Desde la decadencia de los yerbales nativos al auge de los yerbales implantados Zang, Laura Mabel Desde las políticas tendientes a lograr la preservación de los yerbales nativos en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX hasta la difusión de los yerbales implantados a comienzos del siglo XX, el proceso colonizador de la actual provincia argentina de Misiones estuvo estrechamente vinculado a la yerba mate. Después de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza (1865-1870), el Estado nacional comenzó a tener mayor conciencia sobre la ubicación estratégica de Misiones y un mayor conocimiento acerca de las riquezas en recursos naturales que poseía; esta situación desembocó en la creación del Territorio Nacional de Misiones en el año 1881 y en la implementación de políticas estatales tendientes a poblar el espacio a partir del arribo de inmigrantes europeos.; From the policies aimed at preserving old-growth yerba mate trees in the second half of the 19th century to the proliferation of plantations at the beginning of the 20th, the colonization of the present-day Argentine province of Misiones was closely linked to this crop. After the War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870), the Argentine government became more aware of the strategic location of Misiones and expanded its knowledge of the bountiful natural resources the province possessed. This led to the creation of the National Territory of Misiones in 1881 and the implementation of government policies for colonization of the area by European immigrants.

Control for cooperative transport of a bar-shaped payload with rotorcraft UAVs including a landing stage on mobile robots Gimenez, Javier; Salinas, Lucio Rafael; Gandolfo, Daniel; Rosales, Claudio Dario; Carelli, Ricardo This paper considers the cooperative transport problem of a cable-suspended rigid bar with two rotorcraft UAVs considering collision avoidance, weight distribution, and wind perturbations. The proposal is based on null-space theory and includes a landing stage where the load is settled down on a formation of ground robots. Therefore, a variable formation is considered according to the task phase. In order to simulate the proposal in a realistic environment, very complete dynamic models for UAVs, ground robots, and load are considered. An adaptation stage is incorporated to link the control actions with the inputs required by the dynamic models. Theoretical bounds for the errors are studied under the assumption that perfect velocity tracking is not fulfilled.

Motility and biofilm production involved in the interaction of phosphate solubilizing endophytic strains with peanut, maize and soybean plants Lucero, Cinthia Tamara; Lorda, Graciela Susana; Ludueña, Liliana Mercedes; Anzuay, María Soledad; Taurian, Tania Endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria are of great interest since the ability to colonize the internal tissues of plants gives it an adaptive advantage. To confer any beneficial effect on the plant, bacteria must present a successful colonization and thus be competent in the rhizosphere and finally infect internal tissues. In this sense, bacterial motility is an essential property involved in plant-microorganism interaction where bacteria can colonize the root and at the same time form biofilms. Within plant beneficial bacteria those that present phosphate solubilizing activity are of great interest due to the contribution of phosphorus to plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the motility and biofilm formation properties of the strains Serratia sp. S119 and Enterobacter sp. J49 growing in the presence of peanut, maize and soybean root exudates. Results obtained indicated that both strains have flagella, possess swimming, swarming and twitching motilities and showed differential chemotactic attraction against root exudates. In addition, the strains under study showed the ability to form biofilms, being this ability greater in minimal media, in which a greater decrease was also seen by the addition of root exudates in the first hours of growth. The changes produced by the addition of root exudates in the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of the strains suggests that compounds released by the plants are detected by these bacteria and could be part of the molecular dialogue involved in their interaction with the roots of plant.

The paradoxical roles of inflammation during PD-1 blockade in cancer Hill, Marcelo; Segovia, Mercedes; Russo, Sofía; Girotti, Maria Romina; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián Recent studies have reported paradoxical roles of inflammation in tumor immunity triggered by PD-1 checkpoint antibody (Ab) blockade. Here, we elaborate on this controversy and propose a new perspective that might help understand this paradox. Since inflammatory cytokines and PD-1 blockade are known to target different subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells, we propose that the timing at which anti-PD-1 Ab therapy and cytokine modulation occur might determine the fate of exhausted CD8+ T cells and perhaps, the clinical outcome of immunotherapeutic modalities.

Synthesis, UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry and theoretical characterization of new polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes containing 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine as precursors for water oxidation catalysts Domínguez, Sofía Eugenia; Moran Vieyra, Faustino Eduardo; Fagalde, Florencia In this work, we report the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of new chloro and aqua complexes of Ru(ii) with 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz) and 2,2′-bipyridines substituted with donor and acceptor groups in the 4,4′-positions. The aqua complexes behave as precursors for water oxidation catalysts at pH = 1 using Ce(iv) as a sacrificial oxidant. Besides, the oxidized forms Ru(iv) and Ru(v) have been characterized at different pH values by electrochemistry, UV-Visible spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry. The reaction mechanisms were studied by combining mixing and stopped-flow experiments with spectrophotometric monitoring in the UV-visible region and all the rate constants were determined together with the corresponding TON and TOF values at pH = 1. Calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT and TD-DFT) were performed to support the experimental data.

Genetic Deletion of Galectin-3 Altered the Temporal Evolution of Macrophage Infiltration and Healing Affecting the Cardiac Remodeling and Function After Myocardial Infarction in Mice Cassaglia, Pablo; Penas, Federico Nicolás; Bettazza, Celeste; Fontana Estevez, Florencia Sofía; Miksztowicz, Verónica Julieta; Naya, Nadia Martínez; Llamosas, María Clara; Noli Truant, Sofia; Wilensky, Luciana; Volberg, Verónica; Cevey, Ágata Carolina; Touceda, Vanessa Michelle; Cicale, Eliana Magalí; Berg, Gabriela; Fernández, Marisa Mariel; Goren, Nora Beatriz; Morales, Maria Celina; González, Germán Esteban We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the expression of alternative activation markers (M2) on macrophage, cytokines, and fibrosis through the temporal evolution of healing, ventricular remodeling, and function after myocardial infarction (MI). C57BL/6J and Gal-3 knockout mice (Lgals3-/-) were subjected to permanent coronary ligation or sham. We studied i) mortality, ii) macrophage infiltration and expression of markers of alternative activation, iii) cytokine, iv) matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, v) fibrosis, and vi) cardiac function and remodeling. At 1 week post-MI, lack of Gal-3 markedly attenuated F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and significantly increased the expression of Mrc1 and Chil1, markers of M2 macrophages at the MI zone. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and fibrosis were remarkably attenuated at the infarct zone. In Gal-3 knockout mice, scar thinning ratio, expansion, and cardiac remodeling and function were severely affected from the onset of MI. At 4 weeks post-MI, the natural evolution of fibrosis in Gal-3 knockout mice was also affected. Our results suggest that Gal-3 is essential for wound healing because it regulates the dynamics of macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and fibrosis along the temporal evolution of MI in mice. The deficit of Gal-3 affected the dynamics of wound healing, thus aggravating the evolution of remodeling and function.

Male Decapacitation Factor SPINK3 Blocks Membrane Hyperpolarization and Calcium Entry in Mouse Sperm Zalazar, Lucia; Stival, Cintia Estefanía; Nicolli, Anabella Rita; de Blas, Gerardo Andrés; Krapf, Dario; Cesari, Andreina Mammalian sperm acquire ability to fertilize through a process called capacitation, occurring after ejaculation and regulated by both female molecules and male decapacitation factors. Bicarbonate and calcium present in the female reproductive tract trigger capacitation in sperm, leading to acrosomal responsiveness and hyperactivated motility. Male decapacitating factors present in the semen avert premature capacitation, until detached from the sperm surface. However, their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here we describe for the first time the molecular basis for the decapacitating action of the seminal protein SPINK3 in mouse sperm. When present in the capacitating medium, SPINK3 inhibited Src kinase, a modulator of the potassium channel responsible for plasma membrane hyperpolarization. Lack of hyperpolarization affected calcium channels activity, impairing the acquisition of acrosomal responsiveness and blocking hyperactivation. Interestingly, SPINK3 acted only on non-capacitated sperm, as it did not bind to capacitated cells. Binding selectivity allows its decapacitating action only in non-capacitated sperm, without affecting capacitated cells.

Thymopentin improves the survival of septic mice by promoting the production of 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 and activating the PPARγ signaling pathway Zhang, Ye; Yang, Xue; Yan, Wenchao; Li, Rui; Ye, Qian; You, Linjun; Xie, Wenhao; Mo, Kun; Fu, Ruifeng; Wang, Yanxiang; Chen, Yufei; Hou, Hui; Yang, Yong; Birnbaumer, Lutz; Di, Qin; Li, Xianjing Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, is a major public health concern with limited therapeutic options. Infection disturbs the homeostasis of host, resulting in excessive inflammation and immune suppression. This has prompted the clinical use of immunomodulators to balance host response as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that Thymopentin (TP5), a synthetic immunomodulator pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr) with an excellent safety profile in the clinic, protects mice against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, as shown by improved survival rate, decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced ratios of macrophages and neutrophils in spleen and peritoneum. Regarding mechanism, TP5 changed the characteristics of LPS-stimulated macrophages by increasing the production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). In addition, the improved effect of TP5 on survival rates was abolished by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662. Our results uncover the mechanism of the TP5 protective effects on CLP-induced sepsis and shed light on the development of TP5 as a therapeutic strategy for lethal systemic inflammatory disorders.

Estrés por calor: su efecto sobre el estado inmunológico de las vacas lecheras; Heat stress: its effect on the immune status of dairy cows Lendez, Pamela Anahí; Nieto Farías, María Victoria; Martinez Cuesta, Lucia; Vater, Adrian Alejandro; Ghezzi, Marcelo Daniel; Mota Rojas, Daniel; Dolcini, Guillermina Laura; Ceriani, Maria Carolina El estrés por calor constituye un desafío importante para la industria láctea. Los bovinos de raza europea (Bos taurus) están adaptados al clima frío, presentando características morfo-fisiológicas que los vuelven vulnerables al estrés por calor. El aumento de la temperatura global, del número de vacas lecheras de alta producción (VLAP) y la intensificación de los sistemas productivos puede afectar su potencial productivo, reproductivo y su sistema inmune. Por primera vez se evalúa el patrón de expresión de ARNm de TNF-α y sus receptores en animales expuestos a estrés por calor. La expresión de ARNm de esta citoquina proinflamatoria y sus receptores se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR en tiempo real (qPCR), en bovinos Holando Argentino, en Tandil, Argentina. Los animales se evaluaron durante un año, en tres períodos: primavera (n = 15), verano (n = 14) y otoño (n = 11). Se utilizaron los registros del Sistema Meteorológico Nacional de Argentina para estimar el índice de temperatura y humedad (ITH). Durante el verano se analizaron 609 eventos, 471 (77.33%) excedieron el umbral crítico de 72. En primavera, 6 de 537 eventos analizados (1.11%) superaron el umbral, y en otoño, ninguno de los 993 eventos tenía un ITH>72. Los resultados demuestran una disminución en la expresión de ARNm de TNF-α y sus receptores en animales expuestos a condiciones ambientales compatibles con diestrés durante 8,5±1,09 h diarias. Este diestrés produce efectos negativos en el sistema inmune, que podrían afectar la respuesta a vacunas y aumentar la susceptibilidad a infecciones oportunistas.; Heat stress constitutes a major challenge for dairyindustry. European breed cattle (Bos taurus) areadapted to low temperatures, with morpho-physiological characteristics that make them vulnerable to heatstress. The increase in global temperature, the numberof high production dairy cows, and the intensificationof productive systems might affect their productiveand reproductive potential, and immune system. Forthe first time, expression pattern of TNF-α mRNA andits receptors is evaluated in animals exposed to heatstress. Expression of this inflammatory cytokine andits receptors in Holando Argentino cows from Tandil,Argentina, was evaluated by real time PCR (qPCR).Animals were evaluated throughout a year, in threeperiods: spring (n=15), summer (n=14) and autumn(n=11). Data from the Sistema Meteorológico Nacionalfrom Argentina were used to estimate the Humidityand Temperature Index (HTI). During the summer, 609events were analyzed, and 471 (77.33%) exceeded thecritical threshold of 72. In spring, 6 out of 537 analyzedevents (1.11%) exceeded the threshold, and duringthe autumn season none of the 993 events had anHTI>72. Our results show a decrease in TNF-α and itsreceptors mRNA expression in animals in environmentalconditions compatible with distress along 8,5±1,09 dailyhours. This discomfort provokes negative effects inimmune system that could affect vaccine response andincrease susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Reproduction and description of a new genus and species of deep-sea asteriid sea star (Echinodermata; Asteroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic Rivadeneira, Pamela Ruth; Martinez, Mariano I.; Penchaszadeh, Pablo E.; Brogger, Martin Ignacio Bernasconiaster pipi gen. et sp. nov. is described from work carried out in deep waters off Argentina. It is a small species with six arms, which has only cross-type pedicellariae, among other particular characteristics. Some specimens were found brooding their offspring in the oral area with their arms arched. Up to seven different stages of development were observed, each located at a particular location within the egg masses, and supported by an individual cord. These are connected to a central and more robust primary cord by an oral extension. Eggs were found in the gonads, the initial stages of development were located along the arms to the oral area and some stages were protruding from the mouth, into the everted stomach. A hermaphrodite specimen was found with both types of gonads (male and female). The information obtained suggests a reproductive period of at least five months, continued reproduction should not be ruled out. This species supports the hypothesis that brooding condition predominates in the deep-sea. The present study represents the first record of this type of reproduction in the deep waters of the Southwest Atlantic.

Ureide metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana is modulated by C:N balance Lescano López, Ignacio; Devegili, Andrés Matías; Martini, Carolina; Tessi, Tomás María; González, Claudio Alejandro; Desimone, Marcelo Plants can respond and adapt to changes in the internal content of carbon and nitrogen by using organic compounds that widely differ in their carbon/nitrogen ratio. Among them, the amides asparagine and glutamine are believed to be preferred by most plants, including Arabidopsis. However, increases in the ureides allantoin and/or allantoate concentrations have been observed in different plant species under several environmental conditions. In this work, changes in the ratio between carbon skeletons and reduced nitrogen were investigated by varying the concentrations of nitrogen and sucrose in the growth media. Allantoin accumulation was observed when plants were grown in media with high ammonia concentrations. This increase was reverted by adding sucrose as additional carbon source. Moreover, mutant plants with a decreased capability to degrade allantoin showed a compromised growth compared to WT in ammonia supplemented media. Together, our results indicate that allantoin accumulation is induced by low carbon/nitrogen ratio and suggest that its degradation is critical for proper plant growth and development.

Sorghum pasta and noodles: Technological and nutritional aspects Palavecino, Pablo Martín; Curti, María Isabel; Bustos Shmidt, Mariela Cecilia; Penci, Maria Cecilia; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel Sorghum is a major cereal crop with various agronomic advantages, contains health-promoting compounds and is gluten-free. There is a growing tendency to use sorghum in pasta and noodle formulations, which are among the most widely consumed products in the world, but its potential benefits in human diet are not being fully exploited. Here we review research carried out during the past few years on the use of sorghum as the main ingredient or as an additive in pasta and noodles, highlighting its properties and production technology. Pasta and noodles can be produced with 5 to 100% of sorghum at laboratory, pilot or industrial scale with suitable cooking and textural quality coupled with distinctive sensory attributes. Cooking loss shows minimum values of 0.85 and 1.9 g/100 g for pasta and noodles, respectively, and high water absorption (up to 345 g/100 g). The interesting nutritional profile of the products generally includes up to 45% resistant starch (RS) and phenolic compound content with high antioxidant activity. In addition, tannins decrease starch digestibility 15–20%, producing low glycemic index (GI) products (below 65). This is especially important for celiac people, offering them the alternative of gluten-free sorghum pasta and noodles.

Jamming and percolation of linear k -mers on honeycomb lattices Iglesias Panuska, G. A.; Centres, Paulo Marcelo; Ramirez Pastor, Antonio Jose Numerical simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been performed to study the jamming and percolation behavior of elongated objects deposited on two-dimensional honeycomb lattices. The depositing particle is modeled as a linear array of length k (so-called k -mer), maximizing the distance between first and last monomers in the chain. The separation between k -mer units is equal to the lattice constant. Hence, k sites are occupied by a k -mer when adsorbed onto the surface. The adsorption process starts with an initial configuration, where all lattice sites are empty. Then, the sites are occupied following a random sequential adsorption mechanism. The process finishes when the jamming state is reached and no more objects can be deposited due to the absence of empty site clusters of appropriate size and shape. Jamming coverage θ j , k and percolation threshold θ c , k were determined for a wide range of values of k ( 2 ≤ k ≤ 128 ). The obtained results shows that ( i ) θ j , k is a decreasing function with increasing k , being θ j , k → ∞ = 0.6007 ( 6 ) the limit value for infinitely long k -mers; and ( i i ) θ c , k has a strong dependence on k . It decreases in the range 2 ≤ k < 48 , goes through a minimum around k = 48 , and increases smoothly from k = 48 up to the largest studied value of k = 128 . Finally, the precise determination of the critical exponents ν , β , and γ indicates that the model belongs to the same universality class as 2D standard percolation regardless of the value of k considered.

Weaving people and places: Landscapes of obsidian circulation in NW Argentina. A long-term view (ca. CE 100–1436) Lazzari, Marisa; Sprovieri, Marina Leticia Ancient exchange practices have long been at the centre of comparative studies of social complexity. While finding valuable information, this approach has paid less attention to the multi-layered cultural understandings underpinning past transactions, ultimately diluting the power of archaeology to understand specific historical trajectories. This article examines the circulation and uses of obsidian in two sectors of the Calchaquí Valleys area of northwestern Argentina, considering contextual information from Early to Late Period (ca. CE 100–1436) settlements. Travelling far and widely, obsidian wove people and places in space and time through material interactions, condensing the broader regional world into partible materials for everyday use. While maintaining a generalised access ethos throughout the sequence, obsidian also enabled new forms of communal organisation and leadership. The article contributes to wider interdisciplinary approaches to the ontology of resources and their transformative social power, both in the Andes and beyond.