La segmentación del trabajo en la Argentina: Un análisis de movilidad para los años de la post convertibilidad; Segmentation of work in Argentina: An analysis of mobility for the post-convertibility years Zuazua, Noemí Giosa; Fernández Massi, Mariana este artículo aborda la capacidad de los sectores de actividad con mejores empleos para absorber los empleos de subsistencia en un contexto de reducción de la tasa de desempleo y crecimiento de la actividad en la argentina. con este propósito se analizó la movilidad de los trabajadores entre cuatro segmentos de empleo. se construyeron matrices de transición anuales a partir de los datos de la encuesta permanente de Hogares correspondientes a los segundos trimestres de cada año, y se agruparon en dos períodos: 2004-2007, con fuerte crecimiento del empleo, y 2010-2013, un período menos dinámico. los resultados obtenidos sugieren que durante el primer período hubo transiciones desde los segmentos de micro producción hacia el segmento mediano/grande, pero las probabilidades de acceder a esos puestos fue mayor para quienes se encontraban en el segmento micro productivo. si bien se observa un leve proceso de movilidad ascendente hacia empleos de mejor calidad, también se observan transiciones desde la inactividad o desempleo hacia actividades de subsistencia, que amplían los excedentes de fuerza de trabajo.; this article deals with the capacity of the activity sectors with better working conditions in order to absorb employment of subsistence in a context of reduction of the unemployment rate and growth of the argentinian economy. to this end, four segments of the workers´ mobility were analyzed. annual transition matrices were calculated on the basis of the data obtained from the epH (permanent Household survey) during the second trimesters of each year, where two periods were grouped together: 2004-2007 –characterized by the dynamic growth of employment– and 2010-2013 –a period of low creation of jobs. the results reveal that during the first period there were transitions from the micro-production segments towards the large/medium segment, but the probabilities of having access to these jobs were higher for workers belonging to the micro-productive sector. although there is a slight upward mobility process towards jobs of higher quality, it is also observed that there is mobility from inactivity or unemployment towards subsistence activities, which extends the surplus of the working force.

The Relationship between a Western Amazonian Society and Domesticated Sedges (Cyperus spp.) Kujawska, Monika; Zamudio, Fernando; Albán Castillo, Joaquina; Sosnowska, Joanna The article discusses the relationships between the Ashaninka people from Peruvian Amazonia and the domesticated sedges (Cyperus spp.) cultivated in almost every Ashaninka home garden, and mostly exchanged within family circles. An over-differentiation phenomenon is observed, in which four species of Cyperus correspond to 86 folk species. The names of folk species are formed by secondary lexemes, composed of a semantically active constituent and a generic suffix (i)benki. The names contain mnemonic cues to differentiate otherwise morphologically similar plants, and their meanings correspond to Ashaninka ontological categories, thus revealing many levels of connectivity between them and non-humans. The wide scope of specific uses (approx. 60 registered) assigned to Cyperus spp. is only partly supported by phytochemicals and ergot alkaloids in the fungus-infested sedges. The key to understanding the ibenki?s (Cyperus) agency lies in local cosmologies, in which domesticated sedges are viewed as plant-persons and kin. The Ashaninka are engaged in producing the bodies of their kin, the ibenki. Simultaneously, ibenki are powerful allies in restoring harmonious social relations and protecting people against the intentional actions of other humans and non-humans.; El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre el grupo asháninka de la Amazonía peruana y las juncias domesticadas (Cyperus spp.). Estas son plantas cultivadas en casi todos los huertos hogareños asháninka, y son mayormente intercambiadas dentro de los círculos familiares. Se observa un fenómeno de sobrediferenciación, en el que cuatro especies de Cyperus corresponden a 86 taxones vernáculos (etnoespecies). Los nombres de los taxones vernáculos están formados por lexemas secundarios, compuestos por un componente semánticamente activo y un sufijo genérico (i)benki. Los nombres contienen señales mnemotécnicas para diferenciar plantas morfológicamente similares, y sus significados corresponden a categorías ontológicas asháninka, revelando diversos niveles de conectividad entre los asháninkay no humanos. La amplia gama de usos específicos (aprox. 60 registrados) asignados a Cyperus spp. sólo están parcialmente respaldados por factores fitoquímicos propios de los alcaloides del cornezuelo de centeno que se encuentran en los hongos que infestan las juncias domesticadas. La clave para entender la agencia de los ibenki (Cyperus) se encuentra en las cosmologías locales, en las que las juncias domesticadas se consideran personas-plantas y parientes de los asháninka. En este sentido los asháninka se dedican a producir los cuerpos de sus parientes, los ibenki. Simultáneamente, los ibenki son aliados poderosos necesarios para restaurar relaciones sociales armoniosas y proteger a las personas contra las acciones intencionales de otros humanos y no humanos

Traits and impacts of introduced species: a quantitative review of meta-analyses Boltovskoy, Demetrio; Correa, Nancy Myriam; Burlakova, Lyubov E.; Karatayev, Alexander Y.; Thuesen, Erik V.; Sylvester, Francisco; Paolucci, Esteban Marcelo Despite significant growth in the information on introduced species (NIS), agreement on their comparative fitness and effects on native (NAT) communities is heterogeneous. Hypotheses aimed at explaining their fitness and impacts are as often supported as challenged. In order to investigate whether origin is associated with fitness or impact, we reviewed 72 meta-analyses of trait differences between NAT and NIS, and impacts of NIS on NAT and the environment, covering terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Interpretation of the trends was based on overall meta-analysis conclusions, and on numbers of point estimates (individual effect sizes) within and across studies. Mixed results were found in 44% of the studies. Higher NIS fitness and significant impacts were found in 31%, and 25% concluded that significant outcomes are largely absent. Point estimates showed that non-significant outcomes (57%) are more common than significant ones. Two thirds yield mixed trait differences and impacts, or do not support the concept that NIS are more fit or have negative effects on NAT. When trait differences or impacts are significant, NAT are usually less fit, or are negatively impacted, but this trend is influenced by the fact that most surveys are based on the most damaging invasive species.

Influence of various parameters in the seismic soil-structure interaction response of a nuclear power plant de Borbon, Fernanda Maria; Domizio, Martin Norberto; Ambrosini, Ricardo Daniel; Curadelli, Raul Oscar This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of various parameters on the seismic response of the CAREM-25 nuclear power plant (NPP) located in Argentina. The influence of soil stiffness, structure-soilstructure interaction (3SI), and infill soil stiffness are studied. Considering the available analysis capabilities, a full 3D methodology was adopted (direct method). Two soil profiles were used in order to quantify the influence of the soil on the structural response. An engineered rockfill was also used in order to study the influence of infill soil stiffness. Three artificial records with three components each were used as free field input. These records were obtained from the site design spectra. The turbo-group building was approximately modelled in order to consider 3SI. Finally, all live loads as well as the water in pools were included in the model. Design guides for this type of problem are given for all the elements of the model. When comparing flexible soil with stiff soil, important reductions of the maximum absolute acceleration value are obtained by flexible soil. Moreover, the horizontal maximum accelerations are remarkably amplified in height in the case of stiff soil. The influence of the proximity of the turbo-group building (3SI) on the dynamic response of the reactor building is negligible. Finally, the influence of infill soil stiffness is also negligible.

Las Escuelas Normales creadas para formar maestros/as rurales (Argentina, 1903-1952); Normal Schools created to train rural teachers (Argentina, 1903-1952) Rodríguez, Laura Graciela En este artículo analizaremos los distintos intentos de creación de Escuelas Normales destinadas a formar maestros/as rurales, impulsados por el Estado nacional, desde 1903 hasta 1952, haciendo foco en el curso de magisterio del nivel medio. Con base en la lectura de documentos oficiales, pretendemos mostrar que el proceso de creación de estas Normales puede ser comprendido en tres etapas (1903-1914; 1910-1930; y 1932-1952) que veremos por separado en cada apartado. Estudiaremos las distintas denominaciones que recibieron estas escuelas en cada momento (Regionales, de Preceptores y de Adaptación Regional) y los cambios que las afectaron a lo largo del tiempo.; In this article we will discuss different intents of creation of Normal Schools, destined to train rural teachers, made by National State from 1903 to 1952, focusing on the Normal Course (middle level). Based on the reading of official documents, we intend to show that the process of creating these Normal Schools can be understood in three stages (1903-1914; 1910-1930; and 1932-1952) that we will see separately in each section. We will study the different denominations that these schools received at all times (Regional, Preceptors and Regional Adaptation) and the changes that affected them over time.

Infinito Particular: análisis de las letras de las canciones de Atahualpa Yupanqui como configuradores de imaginarios geográficos; Infinito particular: análise das letras das canções de Atahualpa Yupanqui como configuradores de imaginários geográficos Arosteguy, Agustín Este artículo explora el paisaje geográfico presente en las canciones de Atahualpa Yupanqui. Entendiendo que Yupanqui poseía una sensibilidad y atracción por lo etnográfico, caracterizado por una observación poética, se buscó describir el vínculo afectivo y sentimental con el espacio geográfico y el repertorio de elementos simbólicos que componen los imaginarios geográficos encontrados en las letras de las canciones del cantautor argentino. Como metodología se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo que consistió, por un lado, en la selección de canciones y el análisis cualitativo de contenido de las mismas y, por el otro, se efectuó el trabajo de campo en la localidad de Cerro Colorado (Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina), en el cual se procedió a la realización de observaciones participantes y entrevistas individuales. El análisis del repertorio de las letras seleccionadas brindó información sobre la manera en la cual los paisajes geográficos aparecen en las canciones de Yupanqui, pudiendo reconocer ciertos elementos/conceptos utilizados con frecuencia en la construcción poética de sus canciones. De esta manera, Yupanqui a través de su vasto cancionero plasmó elementos simbólicos y conceptuales que componen una configuración de los paisajes geográficos del norte cordobés.; Este artigo pretende explorar o universo geográfico presente nas canções de Atahualpa Yupanqui. Entendendo que Yupanqui possuía uma sensibilidade e atração pelo etnográfico, caracterizado por uma observação poética, procurou-se descrever o vínculo afetivo e sentimental com o espaço geográfico e o repertório de elementos simbólicos que compõem os imaginários geográficos encontrados nas canções do cantor e compositor argentino. Como metodologia, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa que consistiu, por um lado, na seleção de músicas e na análise qualitativa de seu conteúdo e, por outro, efeituou-se o trabalho de campo na cidade de Cerro Colorado (província de Córdoba, Argentina), em que foram realizadas observação participante e entrevistas individuais. A análise do repertório musical selecionado forneceu informações sobre a maneira como as paisagens geográficas aparecem nas canções de Yupanqui, podendo reconhecer certos elementos/conceitos frequentemente utilizados na construção poética de suas canções. Dessa maneira, Yupanqui, através de seu vasto cancioneiro, incorporou elementos simbólicos e conceituais que fazem à configuração das paisagens geográficas do norte cordobés.

Assessment of In vitro cytotoxicity of imidazole ionic liquids and inclusion in targeted drug carriers containing violacein Rivero Berti, Ignacio; Rodenak Kladniew, Boris Emilio; Onaindia, María Celeste; Adam, Claudia Guadalupe; Islan, German Abel; Durán, Nelson; Castro, Guillermo Raul Violacein (Viol) is a pigment produced by several Gram-negative bacteria with many bioactivities, such as anticancer, virucide, and antiparasitic. However, violacein is insoluble under physiological conditions preventing its potential therapeutic uses. Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) based on the cation 1-alkylimidazolium ([CnHim]) with n = 10 to 16 alkyl carbon side chain lengths and acetate, bromide, methanesulfonate (S) or trifluoroacetate (F) as counterions were synthesized and screened to dissolve Viol in micellar aqueous media and for toxicological studies on the human lung carcinoma A549 cell line. Screening allowed the selection of 1.5 × 10-3% (w/v) [C16Him]-S because it combines low cytotoxicity with 71.5% cell viability and good interaction with 95.2% of the violacein kept in micellar solution for at least 48 h. [Viol-([C16Him]-S)] complex was used to develop an efficient hybrid solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carrier based on myristyl myristate and poloxamer 188 and tailored with folate to target cancer cells. Cellular SLN uptake was evaluated with fluorescent DiOC18 on A549, HCT-116, and HeLa cell lines expressing or not the folate receptor. The results showed fivefold incorporation of Viol nanoparticles in HCT-116 and HeLa cell cultures, displaying a high level of folate receptor. Biophysical characterization of the hybrid solid lipid carrier containing Viol was performed by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and by transmission electron and cryo-transmission microscopies. This journal is

Current agro-climatic potential of Patagonia shaped by thermal and hydric patterns Brendel, Andrea Soledad; del Barrio, Ricardo Alfredo; Mora, Francisco; Orrego León, Elmer Adolfo; Flores, Johaner Rosales; Campoy, José Antonio Changes in thermal and hydric patterns affect crop growth. This research is aimed to assess temporal and spatial trends of 18 climatic and agro-climatic thermal and hydric indices in the north of Argentine Patagonia (39°–44°, south latitude), to establish the current and potential suitability of this region for agriculture in a context of climate change. The period of study was 1970–2016, and it was focused on the last 20 years. Regional warming was indicated by the average increases of annual mean temperature (+ 0.2 °C decade−1), mean maximum temperature of the warm trimester (+ 0.3 °C decade−1), and extreme maximum temperature of the warmest month (+ 0.6 °C decade−1) during 1970–2016. This trend was also found in the 1996–2017 period. Mean minimum temperature of the cold trimester showed an uneven spatial and temporal trend, with increasing temperatures during 1970–2016 (+ 0.1 °C decade−1), but a negative trend (− 0.1 °C decade−1) over the last 20 years, which leads to an increasing regional trend in temperature amplitude. Negative trends in extreme minimum temperatures of April (− 0.3 °C decade−1), July and October (− 0.2 °C decade−1) imply more significant risks of cold damage for crops that exhibit sensitive phenological stages during this time. Thermal agro-climatic indices showed negative trends in winter chill (− 15.8 chill hours decade−1 considering the Weinberger method and − 20.8 chill hours decade−1 using Sharpe method) and higher accumulation of warm semester growing degree days (+ 38.8 GDD5 °C and + 32.3 GDD10 °C decade−1). Climatic and agro-climatic water indices showed that most of the region experienced decreasing water availability, mainly in the central-south and Andean subregions, showing annual precipitation trends of − 11.5 and − 31.2 mm decade−1, respectively). If these thermal and hydric trends are maintained in the future, the region will evolve into an area of greater energetic availability but with some restrictions: lower winter chill that would affect very high-chill cultivars cultivated in the warmest regions, higher risk of extreme thermal events during crucial phenological periods of specific crops, and decreasing water availability that would mainly affect dryland farming and river basin recharge.

Surveyed impact of intellectual property training in STEM education on innovation, research, and development O'Sullivan, S.; Friebe, Michael; Tonti, W. R.; Hartnett, Margaret; Castro, Manuel; Pozzo, María Isabel Rita; Nilsiam, Y. This paper analyzes the findings of an international survey questionnaire to which responses were received from over 500 members from different technical societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The survey is primarily intended to uncover members' perceptions of patent filing and research-driven innovation. Our thesis statement is twofold. First, the introduction of basic intellectual property (IP) courses to university Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics curricula would teach students valuable basics of IP and associated issues, technology protection; and possibly stimulate novel/innovative R&D outcomes. Second, studying relevant active/lapsed/expired patent documents could provide stimulating input for ongoing academic research. After analyzing the survey results we conclude that IP coursework could be a catalyst for students and researchers to explore patent opportunities related to their specific interests. The resulting knowledge would further enable researchers to prepare more compelling funding applications. In our experience, IEEE conference publications are often closely aligned with inventions to solve pressing technical problems. Conference papers typically comprise of cutting-edge research/industry findings, with a short time between paper submission and presentation. Furthermore, conference organizers choose themes representing the forefront of technologies that often lead to inventions. These could fuel patent developments, but academic research environments often provide little if any incentives for academic researchers to prepare and file patent applications. Indeed, the attainment of high impact journal publications remains the primary metric by which research activity is judged and future academic tenure achieved.

Relevamiento y análisis de materias primas arcillosas y su vinculación con la producción cerámica prehispánica del Valle de Tafí (Tucumán, Argentina); Survey and analysis of clay raw materials and their link with the preHispanic ceramic production of the Tafí Valley (Tucumán, Argentina) Paez, Maria Cecilia; Manasse, Bárbara El Valle de Tafí presenta evidencias de ocupación prehispánica durante al menos 7500 años AP. Se trata de materialidades ancestrales que respaldan la profundidad temporal y la importancia socio-cultural y política de esta región. Hacia mediados del segundo milenio de la Era Cristiana las poblaciones locales entraron en la órbita de las políticas expansivas del Estado Inca. Aún sabemos poco sobre su incidencia en la configuración del paisaje, así como en la posible reorganización de al menos algunos sectores de la sociedad. Nos interesa evaluar, en este caso, la incidencia en la producción alfarera que, por lo pronto, se expresa en variedad tecnológica y decorativa. Con ese objetivo nos propusimos 1) identificar y relevar las fuentes arcillosas en el ámbito del Valle, 2) caracterizar estas arcillas, en vistas a determinar su aptitud para la manufactura alfarera, 3) correlacionar a nivel químico arcillas y fragmentos asignados al segundo milenio y 4) analizar las implicancias sociales y políticas de una producción alfarera local y/o no local. Los resultados obtenidos significan un avance en el conocimiento de la incidencia de expansión imperial implicó en estos territorios.; The Tafí Valley presents evidence of pre-Hispanic occupation for at least 7500 years BP. These are ancestral materialities that support the temporal depth and the socio-cultural and political importance of this region. Towards the middle of the second millennium of the Christian Era, local populations entered the orbit of the expansive policies of the Inca State. We still know little about its impact on the configuration of the landscape, as well as on the possible reorganization of at least some sectors of society. We are interested in evaluating, in this case, the incidence on pottery production, which, for the time being, is expressed in a technological and decorative variety. With this objective we set out 1) to identify and survey the clay sources in the Valley, 2) characterize these clays, in order to determine their suitability for pottery manufacturing, 3) correlate at a chemical level clays and fragments assigned to the second millennium and 4) analyze the social and political implications of local and / or non-local pottery production. The results obtained signify an advance in the knowledge of the incidence of imperial expansion in these territories.

Cuerpos en disputa: constructivismo queer y diferencia sexual; Disputing bodies: queer constructivism and sexual difference Sicerone, Daniel Alberto El presente trabajo se inscribe en el debate contemporáneo sobre la corporalidad, entre la perspectiva del constructivismo queer, y por otro a los estudios de la diferencia sexual. Estas dos ópticas teóricas apuestan a una corporalidad claramente antagónica, ya que desde el constructivismo queer se piensa al cuerpo como el topos donde se produce la subjetividad metaforizándolo como un campo de batalla donde intervienen múltiples fuerzas que terminan siendo equivalentes a la subjetividad. En cambio, desde los estudios de la diferencia sexual, en especial la Escuela de Liubliana, el cuerpo es siempre un cuerpo sexuado, límite de toda pretensión omnipotente y fisura que provoca la imposibilidad de un lenguaje total. Se abordarán las principales aristas teóricas de ambas concepciones, así como también las consecuencias de la disputa de la corporalidad.; This work is part of the contemporary debate on corporality, from the perspective of queer constructivism, and on the other, to the studies of sexual difference. These two theoretical optics bet on a clearly antagonistic corporality, since from queer constructivism the body is thought of as the moles where subjectivity occurs metaphorizing it as a battlefield where multiple forces intervene that end up being equivalent to subjectivity. On the other hand, from the studies of sexual difference, especially the Ljubljana School, the body is always a sexed body, the limit of all omnipotent pretense and fissure that causes the impossibility of a total language. The main theoretical edges of both conceptions will be addressed, as well as the consequences of the corporality dispute.

Republicanismo em questão: quatro distâncias conceituais entre as teorias democráticas de Philip Pettit e Jacques Rancière; El republicanismo en cuestión: cuatro distancias conceptuales entre las teorías democráticas de Philip Pettit y Jacques Rancière Olivares, Nicolàs Emanuel Neste artigo analisaremos comparativamente duas influentes propostas teóricas democráticas contemporâneas. Em primeiro lugar, reconstruiremos os principais pressupostos normativos da teoria republicana representativa de P. Pettit. Em segundo lugar, apresentaremos as bases filosóficas da teoria democrática radical de J. Rancière. Terceiro, explicaremos quatro distâncias conceituais específicas existentes entre as duas teorias políticas, que enfatizam suas definições dos seguintes termos políticos: republicanismo, participação cidadã, não dominação e liberalismo. Em quarto lugar, apresentaremos razões em defesa de uma hipótese exploratória específica, segundo a qual o contraste de ambas teorias nos permite identificar objeções bem fundamentadas ao modelo dual democrático defendido por P. Pettit e à definição de republicanismo utilizada por J. Rancière, fornecendo, assim, argumentos em defesa de uma perspectiva republicana participativa.; En este artículo analizaremos comparativamente dos influyentes propuestas teóricas democráticas contemporáneas. Primero, reconstruiremos los principales supuestos normativos de la teoría republicana representativa de P. Pettit. En segundo lugar, presentaremos las bases filosóficas de la teoría democrática radical de J. Rancière. En tercer lugar, explicaremos cuatro distancias conceptuales específicas entre dichas dos teorías, las cuales enfatizan en sus definiciones de los siguientes términos políticos: republicanismo, participación ciudadana, no dominación y liberalismo. En cuarto lugar, presentaremos razones en defensa de una hipótesis exploratoria concreta, según la cual el contraste de ambas teorías permite identificar objeciones fundadas al modelo democrático dual defendido por P. Pettit y a la definición de republicanismo utilizada por J. Rancière, proporcionando, así, argumentos en defensa de una perspectiva republicana participativa.

Planificación de los cuidados en el final de la vida: Perspectivas de profesionales de oncología y cuidados paliativos; End-of-life care planning: Oncologist and palliative care professionals perspectives; Planejamento dos cuidados em fim de vida: Perspectivas de oncologistas e profissionais de cuidados paliativos Macchi, Marina J.; Pérez, Marisa del Valle; Alonso, Juan Pedro El artículo aborda la perspectiva de profesionales de oncología y cuidados paliativos de Argentina sobre la planificación anticipada de los cuidados en el final de la vida de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas avanzadas. A partir de un diseño de investigación cualitativa, basado en entrevistas semi-estructuradas con profesionales de diferentes disciplinas, se analizaron las dificultades para la participación de los y las pacientes en el proceso de toma de decisiones y en los procesos de consentimiento informado en torno a los cuidados en el final de la vida. Pese a valorar la planificación anticipada del cuidado e instrumentos como las directivas anticipadas, se identifican barreras para la implementación de estas prácticas. La falta de herramientas comunicacionales para abordar este tipo de conversaciones con los pacientes, el ocultamiento de la información sobre el diagnóstico y/o el pronóstico de la enfermedad, la falta de articulación entre equipos que realizan el seguimiento de pacientes con enfermedad avanzada, y la resistencia de familiares y pacientes, limitan los márgenes de decisión y consentimiento por parte de los pacientes.; The article addresses the perspective of oncologist and palliative care professionals of Argentina on the advance end of life care planning for patients with advanced cancer. Based on semi-structured interviews with professionals from different disciplines, the paper explores barriers for the patient participation in the decision-making process in end of life care. Despite the acceptance of advance care planning and instruments such as advance directives, barriers to the implementation of these practices are identified. The lack of communication skills to deal with this type of conversation with patients, the concealment of information on the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, the lack of coordination between teams that keep track of patients with advanced disease, and the resistance from relatives and patients, limit the margins of decision and consent by patients.; O artigo aborda a perspectiva dos profissionais de oncologia e cuidados paliativos na Argentina sobre o planejamento antecipado dos cuidados de fim de vida para pacientes com doenças oncológicas avançadas. Partindo de um desenho de pesquisa qualitativa, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de diferentes disciplinas, o artigo analisa as dificuldades para a participação dos pacientes no processo de tomada de decisão e nos processos de consentimento informado em torno aos cuidados de fim de vida. Apesar de valorizar o planejamento do cuidado antecipado e instrumentos como as diretrizes antecipadas, identificam-se barreiras para a implantação dessas práticas. A falta de instrumentos de comunicação para atender esse tipo de conversa com os pacientes, o encobrimento do diagnóstico e / ou prognóstico da doença, a falta de articulação entre as equipes que acompanham os pacientes com doença avançada e a resistência dos familiares e pacientes, limitam as margens de decisão e consentimento por parte dos pacientes.

Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB) Blois, Sandra M.; Verlohren, Stefan; Wu, Gang; Clark, Gary; Dell, Anne; Haslam, Stuart M.; Barrientos, Gabriela Laura Growing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.

Cambios en la Televisión Pública argentina; Changes in argentine Public Television Heram, Yamila Este trabajo parte del interés por reflexionar en torno a la Televisión Pública argentina, entendiendo que es el medio que puede, debe y tiene los recursos necesarios para proponer otro tipo de programación que sepa reunir aspectos vinculados a lo local y lo regional, que ofrezca nuevas propuestas de ficción, que incluya una mayor diversidad de representaciones, que se preocupe por obtener una audiencia más amplia, que promueva debates y una pluralidad informativa. En objetivo es realizar un análisis comparativo de la grilla de programación durante la gestión del macrismo para observar tendencias, cambios y continuidades en la propuesta de la emisora en dos períodos: marzo y abril de 2016 (al inicio de la gestión) y un segundo período que es marzo y abril de 2019. A los fines del análisis se recurre a una amplia literatura proveniente de la economía política de la comunicación que permite contextualizar y comprender el estado actual de la emisora. Se toma una muestra acotada que funciona como “caso testigo” y permite comparar y analizar la programación. Se establecen diversos ejes de análisis: promedio semanal de tiempo de emisión por contenidos referenciales, ficcionales e híbridos; géneros que predominan en cada uno de ellos; programación del prime time, y país de origen del producto transmitido. La información obtenida es abordada desde un análisis cualitativo para identificar invariantes, constantes que solo son posible en un análisis cultural de la oferta televisiva. Entre las principales conclusiones nos interesa destacar una palabra –tensión– que sintetiza el estado de situación de la emisora, hacemos referencia a: géneros referenciales diversos en el horario del prime time y un nivel de audiencia de los más bajos; mayor audiencia durante la gestión anterior y una pluralidad informativa cuestionada; mayor emisión de productos locales y disminución de inversión en los medios públicos.; This work starts from the interest in reflecting on argentine Public Television, understanding that it is the medium that can, should and has the necessary resources to propose another type of programming that knows how to bring together aspects related to the local and the regional, that offers new fictional proposals that include a greater diversity of representations, that are concerned with obtaining a wider audience, that promote debates and a plurality of information. The objective is to carry out a comparative analysis of the programming grid during the management of the macrismo to observe trends, changes and continuities in the station's proposal in two periods: March and April 2016 (at the beginning of the management) and a second period which is March and April 2019. For the purposes of the analysis, a broad literature from the political economy of communication is used, which allows contextualizing and understanding the current state of the station. A bounded sample is taken that functions as a "control case" and allows the programming to be compared and analyzed. Various analysis axes are established: weekly average of broadcasting time by referential, functional and hybrid content; genres that predominate in each of them; prime time programming, and country of origin of the transmitted product. The information obtained is approached from a qualitative analysis to identify invariants, constants that are only possible in a cultural analysis of the television offer. Among the main conclusions we are interested in highlighting a word -voltage- that synthesizes the state of the station, we refer to: different referential genres in prime time and a low audience level; greater audience during the previous administration and a questioned plurality of information; higher emission of local products and decreased investment in public media.

Grazing impact on structure and dynamics of bare soil areas in a Patagonian grass-shrub steppe Biancari, Lucio; Aguiar, Martin Roberto; Cipriotti, Pablo Ariel Bare soil is an idiosyncratic and important feature of arid ecosystems that can be affected by human land use such as domestic grazing intensification. Here we focused on the study of individual bare soil areas (BSA) and their long-term dynamics using DINVEG (spatially-explicit simulation model). In Patagonian rangelands we photographed BSA in grazed and ungrazed stands (n = 50). Compared with exclosure, grazing increased the size of the BSAs (17%, p < 0.05) and produced less irregular forms (13%, p < 0.05). The number of plants that delimit BSAs were not different (~9), but under grazing the sum of spaces among plants (BSA opening) was 15% higher than in exclosure (p < 0.05). The difference in wind speed (center-edge of the BSA) increased 70% under grazing. Wind difference was poorly correlated with the BSAs structure variables. Simulations (200 years) with DINVEG indicated that grazing decreased the likelihood of BSAs being colonized by grasses and increased the proportion of bare soil cells. Our study suggests that in these Patagonian steppes domestic grazing promotes structural changes in individual BSA and in the transition to grass covered patches. Changes in wind speed may result from grazing effect at the whole vegetation mosaic since BSA features are not enough to explain differences.

El concepto de estrategia y la Nueva Etnohistoria; The concept of strategy and the Nueva Etnohistoria Ramos, María Alejandra; Chiappe, Carlos María En este artículo realizamos una revisión del uso del concepto de estrategia en las ciencias sociales, en particular en el campo de la etnohistoria andina. Nos centramos en la fase denominada Nueva Etnohistoria (1980 en adelante), momento de consolidación transcontinental de este campo interdisciplinar. Las fuentes de información empleadas consisten en publicaciones colectivas de relevancia y documentos inéditos relativos a la organización del Primer Congreso Internacional de Etnohistoria. Con base en ellas identificamos los sentidos asociados al concepto de estrategia y reconstruimos los debates que su aplicación suscitó, los cuales están ligados a problemáticas científicas vigentes. A partir de este recorrido fundamentamos la necesidad de reactualizar la revisión crítica del concepto bajo análisis.; In this article we review the use of the concept of strategy in the social sciences in particular in the field of Andean Ethnohistory. We focus on the phase called Nueva Etnohistoria (1980 and later), a moment of transcontinental consolidation of this interdisciplinary field. The sources of information used in this study consist of relevant collective publications and unpublished documents related to the organization of the I International Congress of Ethnohistory. With respect to these, we identify the meanings associated with the concept of strategy and reconstruct the debates that arise in its application, which are linked to current problems in the social sciences. Based on the foregoing, we propose the need to update the critical review of the concept of strategy.

WRKY22 and WRKY25 transcription factors are positive regulators of defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana Ramos, Romina Nahir; Martin, Gregory B.; Pombo, Marina Alejandra; Rosli, Hernan Guillermo Plants defend themselves against pathogens using a two-layered immune system. Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) can be activated upon recognition of epitopes from fagellin including fg22. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) delivers efector proteins into the plant cell to promote host susceptibility. However, some plants express resistance (R) proteins that recognize specifc efectors leading to the activation of efector-triggered immunity (ETI). Resistant tomato lines such as Rio Grande-PtoR (RG-PtoR) recognize two Pst efectors, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, and activate ETI through the Pto/Prf protein complex. Using RNA-seq, we identifed two tomato WRKY transcription factor genes, SlWRKY22 and SlWRKY25, whose expression is increased during Pst-induced ETI. Silencing of the WRKY25/22 orthologous genes in Nicotiana benthamiana led to a delay in programmed cell death normally associated with AvrPto recognition or several non-bacterial efector/R protein pairs. An increase in disease symptoms was observed in silenced plants infltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci expressing AvrPto or HopQ1-1. Expression of both tomato WRKY genes is also induced upon treatment with fg22 and callose deposition and cell death suppression assays in WRKY25/22-silenced N. benthamiana plants supported their involvement in PTI. Our results reveal an important role for two WRKYs as positive regulators of plant immunity against bacterial and potentially non-bacterial pathogens.

Respiratory allergy control by probiotic fermented milk intake: A mouse model from weaning to maturity Velez, Eva Maria del Mar; Weil, R.; Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle; Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina This study is based on our previous research showing that commercial probiotic fermented milk (PFM) intake mitigates respiratory allergy development to ovalbumin (OVA) in adult mice (6-weeks old) increasing specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a and interferon (IFN)-γ rather than IgE. The aim was to determine if PFM exerts a protective effect when an allergy model is induced 5 days after weaning and whether the mechanisms involved are similar to those previously reported. Before inducing allergy, a group of 21-day old BALB/c mice received PFM for 10 days to analyse the impact on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) activation. Two more groups received PFM for 5 days and were sensitised with OVA; only one group continued taking PFM until the end of the experiment. Sensitisation scheme: 3 OVA injections 1% in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) plus 7 days OVA aerosol exposure and re-stimulus 15 days later. The contents of specificIgE, IgG, total-secretory-IgA and Th1/Th2 balance in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and gut were measured at 7 and 15 days post-sensitisation (dPS) and 2 days post-re-stimulus (2dPR). Treg cells in lungs were also quantified. Results were compared with normal and sensitised controls. PFM induced mild activation of IECs increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) and interleukin (IL)-6 production. In sensitised mice, PFM controlled the response inducing IgG rather than IgE at 7 and 15-dPS and 2dPR (60 days old). Th1-balance (IFN-γ) was favoured by PFM in lungs at 7 dPS with low levels of IL-10 released to regulate the response. Total-S-IgA increased in lungs and gut; however, PFM intake did not affect Treg cells in lungs. PFM maintains controlled stimulation of the immune cells involved in Th1 response, favouring IgG at the respiratory mucosal site. Although the effect was not as strong as that reported previously, PFM promoted maturation and activation of gut immune cells preserving intestinal homeostasis and lung immune response.

MicroPIXE analysis of removal of aqueous U(VI) by S. intermedia and P. stratiotes in the presence of Th(IV) de la Fourniere, Emanuel María; Vega, Nahuel Agustín; Müller, Nahuel Agustín; Debray, Mario Ernesto In this work, Spirodela intermedia and Pistia stratiotes, autochthonous floating macrophytes, were used to remove aqueous UO22+ (1 and 10 mg.L−1) under laboratory conditions. The influence of Th4+(1 mg.L−1) was studied for the highest concentration of U(VI). All the parameters of the bioremediation process, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in roots and leaves and translocation factors (TFs), were achieved by microPIXE quantification. This analysis was carried out using a 50-MeV 16O5+ beam with the aid of the heavy-ion microprobe at the TANDAR Laboratory in Buenos Aires. High resolution 2D maps of the in vivo elemental distribution in macrophytes for different conditions were obtained. Both plants have the ability to accumulate a large amount of U(VI) yielding BCFs > 500. Only S. intermedia can additionally uptake Th(IV) reaching a high BCF (>300 at 96 h) but the plant does not survive; Th was detected within the chlorenchyma ([Th] ≅ 30 µg.g−1).