Left ventricle segmentation using a Bayesian approach with distance dependent shape priors Cardenas, Rodrigo; Curiale, Ariel Hernán; Mato, German We propose a method for segmentation of the left ventricle in magnetic resonance cardiac images. The framework consists of an initial Bayesian segmentation of the central slice of the volume. This segmentation is used to locate a shape prior for the LV myocardial tissue. This shape prior is determined using the fact that the myocardium is approximately annular as seen in the short-axis. Then a second Bayesian segmentation is performed to obtain the final result. This procedure is repeated for the rest of the slices. An extrapolation of the area of the LV is used to determine a stopping criterion. The method was evaluated on the databases of the Cardiac Atlas project. Our results demonstrate a suitable accuracy for myocardial segmentation (≈0.8 Dice’s coefficient). For the endocardium and the epicardium the Dice’s coefficients are 0.94 and 0.9 respectively. The accuracy was also evaluated in terms of the Hausdorff distance and the average distance. For the myocardium we obtain 8 mm and 2 mm respectively. Our results demonstrate the capability and merits of the proposed method to estimate the structure of the LV. The method requires minimal user input and generates results with quality comparable to more complex approaches. This paper suggests a new efficient approach for automatic LV quantification based on a Bayesian technique with shape priors with errors comparable to state-of-the-art techniques.

Giro neoliberal en Argentina y Brasil en los últimos años: Periferialización, dependencia y desigualdad; Neoliberal turn in Argentina and Brazil in recent years: Peripheralization, dependency and inequality Merino, Gabriel Esteban América Latina es conocida como la región más desigual del mundo en términos de ingresos, y también resalta por su carácter “subdesarrollado” o sus niveles de pobreza. Las visiones dominantes invisibilizan que estos fenómenos están estrechamente relacionados con el hecho de que la región se ubica desde los orígenes del capitalismo y del sistema mundial moderno como periferia (fundante), envuelta en la lógica del desarrollo desigual y combinado. es una región en donde se expresan con claridad, y también con ciertas particularidades, las consecuencias económico-sociales de la situación de dependencia, del lugar subordinado en la división internacional del trabajo y en el sistema interestatal. sin embargo, esto no es una situación constante e inmodificable. Así como a partir de ciertos momentos se observan giros políticos –“progresistas”, de “izquierda”, “populistas”, “posneoliberales”, o nacionales populares desde nuestra perspectiva– que tienden a revertir o al menos a matizar las condiciones señaladas, también se observan giros que las refuerzan. en este sentido, en el presente trabajo se analiza el giro político estratégico que se produjo a partir de 2015-2016 en argentina y Brasil, a favor de un programa neoliberal-periférico que desplazó al programa nacional neodesarrollista y a la articulación político-social que lo sostenía. Ello impactó en el rápido aumento de la desigualdad de riquezas e ingresos, de la pobreza, del desempleo y de la brecha con respecto del centro y de otros territorios semiperiféricos. Desde esta perspectiva, argentina y Brasil se encuentran en una encrucijada fundamental: profundizar su retroceso bajo un programa de neoliberalismo periférico y la subordinación a una potencia en declive, o producir un nuevo giro político y desarrollar una estrategia regional para terminar con las condiciones de subordinación y dependencia.; Latin America is known as the most unequal region in the world in terms of income, and it also stands out for its “underdeveloped” nature or its poverty levels. The dominant perspectives make invisible that these phenomena are closely related to the fact that the region is located in the origins of capitalism and the modern world system as a periphery (founding), wrapped in the logic of unequal and combined development. It is a region where the socio-economic consequences of the situation of dependency, of the subordinate place in the international division of labor and in the interstate system are expressed clearly and with certain particularities. However, it is not a constant and unchangeable situation. Just as from certain moments we observe political turns -"progressive","left","populist","post-neoliberal", or popular nationals from our perspective - which tend to reverse or at least moderate the indicated conditions, we also observe turns that reinforce them. In this sense, this paper analyzes the strategic political turn that took place from 2015-2016 in argentina and Brazil, in favor of a neoliberal-peripheral program that displaced the national neo-developmental program and the socio-political articulation that sustained it. This had an impact on the rapid increase in wealth and income inequality, poverty, unemployment and the gap respecting the center and other semi-peripheral territories. From this perspective, argentina and Brazil are at a fundamental crossroad: deepening their setback under a program of peripheral neoliberalism and subordination to a declining power, or gene- rating a new political turn and developing a regional strategy to end the conditions of subordination and dependency.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and immigration, in a partially hunted puma population of south-central Argentina Gallo, Orlando; Castillo, Diego Fabián; Barata Godinho, Maria Raquel; Casanave, Emma Beatriz Los carnívoros están disminuyendo a nivel mundial debido en parte a los disturbios ecológicos de origen antrópico. En Argentina, las actividades humanas han fragmentado el hábitat natural, lo cual ha intensificado el conflicto puma-ganadería llevando al control local de las poblaciones mediante la caza. En este trabajo se investigó la variabilidad genética y la estructura poblacional de pumas (Puma concolor) de tres provincias del centro-sur de Argentina con dos diferentes políticas de manejo para la especie: protección versus caza legal. Las estimaciones se basaron en 83 individuos genotipados utilizando 25 loci microsatélites especie específicos. La diversidad genética general resultó ser alta (heterocigosidad observada = 0,63) pero más baja que la de otras poblaciones sudamericanas. Los análisis espaciales revelaron la presencia de dos grupos genéticos con signos de cuello de botella, diversidad muy similar y un flujo génico bajo (3% por generación) entre ellos. Sin embargo, los análisis basados en grupos definidos a priori mostraron que el patrón del flujo de genes sigue valores crecientes de la presión de caza, convergiendo en el área con el mayor número de individuos cazados. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la presión de caza probablemente está contribuyendo al patrón de flujo génico, limitando los movimientos de los pumas y creando una dinámica meta-poblacional entre las subpoblaciones geográficas. Es necesario realizar estudios integrando aspectos demográficos y genéticos para una mejor compresión de los movimientos de los pumas a través del paisaje, y adoptar planes de manejo exitosos para la conservación de la población a largo plazo.; Carnivores are decreasing globally due in part to anthropogenic ecological disturbances. In Argentina, human activities have fragmented wildlife habitat, thereby intensifying puma–livestock conflict and leading to population control of the predator species by hunting. We investigated genetic variability and population structure of pumas (Puma concolor) from three south-central Argentine provinces with two different management policies for the species: full protection versus legal hunting. All genetic estimates were based on 83 individuals genotyped at 25 species-specific microsatellite loci. The overall genetic diversity was high (observed heterozygosity = 0.63), but lower than in other South American populations. Spatial analyses revealed the presence of two bottlenecked genetic clusters with very similar diversity and low gene flow (3% per generation) between them. However, analyses based on a priori separated groups showed that gene flow follows increasing values of hunting pressure, converging to the area with the greatest number of individuals harvested. Our results suggest that hunting pressure likely is contributing to the gene flow pattern, limiting pumas’ movements and creating a metapopulation dynamic among geographic subpopulations. Integrated demographic and genetic approaches are needed to better understand pumas’ movements across the landscape and adopt successful management plans to achieve long-term population viability.

16S rRNA gene diversity in the salt crust of Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, the World’s Largest Salt Flat Pecher, Wolf T.; Martínez, Fabiana Lilian; DasSarma, Priya; Guzmán, Daniel; DasSarma, Shiladitya Salar de Uyuni is a vast, high-altitude salt flat in Bolivia with extreme physico-geochemical properties approaching multiple limits of life. Evidence for diverse halophilic bacteria and archaea was found in its surface and near-surface salt crust using 16S amplicon analysis, providing a snapshot of prokaryotic life.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Lignocellulose-Degrading Actinomycete Streptomyces albus CAS922 Tippelt, Anna; Nett, Markus; Vela Gurovic, Maria Soledad Streptomyces albus CAS922 was isolated from sunflower seed hulls. Its fully sequenced genome harbors a multitude of genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which likely facilitate growth on lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, the presence of 27 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters indicates a significant potential for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites.

Lufenuron can be transferred by gravid Aedes aegypti females to breeding sites and can afect their fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity Gonzalez, Paula Valeria; Harburguer, Laura Vanesa BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti (L.) is the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. A new method for controlling this mosquito has been developed based on the possibility that wild adult mosquitoes exposed to artificial resting sites contaminated with a larvicide, can disseminate it to larval breeding sites, is named "auto-dissemination". The present study was undertaken to evaluate if a chitin synthesis inhibitor like lufenuron can be disseminated to larval breeding sites and prevent adult emergence and also if forced contact of Ae. aegypti females with treated surfaces can affect its fertility, fecundity, and blood intake capacity. METHODS: Larval susceptibility to lufenuron was measured through EI50 and EI90. On the other hand, gravid females were exposed by tarsal contact to lufenuron-treated papers, we used the WHO susceptibility test kit tube to line the papers, and 1, 3 or 5 females for the transference. We also evaluated if the exposure of female mosquitoes to lufenuron-treated papers (0.4 and 1 mg a.i./cm2) has an effect on their fertility, fecundity or in the ability to feed on blood. In each assay 12-15 female mosquitoes were exposed to lufenuron for 1 h, 24 h before blood meal (BBM) or 24 h after a blood meal (ABM). RESULTS: Lufenuron proved to be very active against Ae. aegypti larvae with an EI50 of 0.164 ppb and EI90 of 0.81 ppb. We also found that lufenuron can be transferred by females from treated surfaces to clean containers causing the inhibition of emergence of the larvae (between 30 and 50%). This effect was dependent on the concentration applied on the paper and the number of females added to each cage. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces an innovation by first exploring the possibility that an insect growth regulator (IGR) belonging to the group of benzoylphenyl ureas, such as lufenuron, can be transferred by gravid females to breeding sites and that at the same time can have an effect on fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity of adult mosquitoes.

"La victoria no da derechos": Doctrina internacional Llorens, María Pilar “La victoria no da derechos” constituye una formulación propia de la tradición jurídica argentina por medio de la cual se indica la posición de la Argentina en materia de las consecuencias del uso de la fuerza en el derecho internacional. Se la suele considerar como una doctrina internacional, la doctrina Varela, aunque no se explicitan las razones para dicho tratamiento. El presente trabajo busca examinar si esta formulación reúne los requisitos para ser considera como una doctrina internacional.

Contribuciones al examen del crecimiento de la acumulación industrial argentina en la posconvertibilidad (2005-2011) y su comparación con la fase de incremento neoliberal (1993-1998); Contributions to the examination of the growth in Argentine industrial accumulation in post-convertibility (2005-2011) and its comparison with the neoliberal increase phase (1993-1998); Achegas ao exame do crecemento da acumulación industrial arxentina na posconvertibilidade (2005-2011) e a súa comparación coa fase de incremento neoliberal (1993-1998) Naspleda, Federico Daniel Varias discusiones han tenido lugar en relación a la acumulación industrial argentina desde la etapa neoliberal (denominada también como “convertibilidad”) hasta su ruptura en la etapa de posconvertibilidad. Las discusiones se ordenan en torno a si entre ambos lapsos se han manifestado cambios estructurales significativos en el perfil industrial predominante –según la preponderancia en la elaboración de commodities industriales– o si, por el contrario, existen más continuidades. En el presente estudio se contribuye a los mencionados debates examinando la industria, por un lado bajo la dinámica de acumulación de los sectores que la integran, y por otro, según un modelo insumo producto. A su vez, con el objetivo de estudiar las características del crecimiento de las manufacturas en la posconvertibilidad y de establecer comparaciones con la convertibilidad, se diferencian las fases de incremento acumulativo de las fases de crisis y recuperación. Este estudio se incorpora desde este enfoque a las tesis que sostienen las continuidades persistentes en ambas etapas.; Several discussions have taken place in relation to the Argentine industrial accumulation from the neoliberal stage (also known as “convertibility”) until its breakup in the post-convertibility stage. The discussions are organized around whether significant structural changes in the predominant industrial profile were manifested between both periods -according to the prevalence in the manufacturing of industrial commodities-, or if there are more continuities. In the present study, the mentioned debates contribute by examining the industry, on the one hand, under the dynamics of the accumulation of the sectors that integrate it, and on the other, according to an input-output model. In turn, in order to study the characteristics of manufacturing growth in post-convertibility and establish comparisons with convertibility, the phases of cumulative increase of the crisis and recovery phases are differentiated. This study contributes from this approach to the theses that sustain the persistent continuities in both stages.; Varias discusións tiveron lugar en relación á acumulación industrial arxentina desde a etapa neoliberal (denominada tamén como “convertibilidade”) ata a súa ruptura na etapa de posconvertibilidade. As discusións ordénanse ao redor de se entre ambos os lapsos se manifestaron cambios estruturais significativos no perfil industrial predominante –segundo a preponde-rancia na elaboración de commodities industriais– ou se, pola contra, existen máis continuidades. O presente estudo achégase aos mencionados debates examinando a industria, por unha banda baixo a dinámica de acumulación dos sectores que a inte-gran, e por outra, segundo un modelo insumo produto. Á súa vez, co obxectivo de estudar as características do crecemento das manufacturas na posconvertibilidade e de establecer comparacións coa convertibilidade, diferéncianse as fases de incre-mento acumulativo das fases de crises e recuperación. Este estudo incorpórase desde este enfoque ás teses que sosteñen as continuidades persistentes en ambas as etapas.

Type of wood and larval density: two factors to consider in Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) pupation; Tipo de madera y densidad larval: dos factores a considerar en la pupación de Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Zanetti, Noelia Inés; Ferrero, Adriana Alicia; Centeno, Néstor Daniel Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) es uno de los escarabajos más comunes en las granjas aviares e instalaciones ganaderas. Los adultos y larvas dañan estas instalaciones al alimentarse y al momento de pupar. Esta especie también ha sido reconocida como un componente significativo de la fauna cadavérica. Ensayos fueron conducidos para estudiar el efecto del tipo de sustrato, particularmente el tipo de madera, y la densidad larval sobre la pupación de D. maculatus. Las pupas fueron más abundantes en madera blanda que en los otros tipos de madera, disminuyendo su abundancia con el incremento de la densidad. La mortalidad larval fue mayor en presencia de 60 larvas. El tiempo hasta la pupación fue menor en madera blanda que en los otros tipos de madera, pero se observó un incremento en dicha duración cuando aumentó la densidad. La duración promedio como pupa fue 7,25 ± 0,28 días (174 ± 6,72 h). El tiempo hasta adulto mostró los mismos resultados que aquellos obtenidos para el tiempo hasta pupar. La longitud de los adultos fue mayor en madera blanda que en los otras maderas, pero decreció cuando aumentó la densidad. La madera blanda y la densidad larval tienen efectos en la pupación de los derméstidos, afectando la preferencia de las larvas por las maderas, la mortalidad larval, el tiempo hasta pupa, el tiempo hasta adulto, y la morfología del adulto. Se proveen recomendaciones para los granjeros o criadores de animales y científicos, como así también información de importancia forense en la estimación del intervalo post-mortem (IPM).; Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most common beetles in poultry farms and livestock facilities. Adults and larvae damage these facilities through feeding and at the moment of pupation. This species has also been recognized as a significant component of the cadaveric fauna. Trials were conducted to study the effect of substrate type, particularly of the wood type, and larval density on D. maculatus pupation. Pupae were more abundant in soft wood than in the other types of wood, decreasing abundance when density increased. Larval mortality was greater in the presence of 60 larvae. Time until pupation was lesser in soft wood than in the other woods but an increasing duration was observed when density increased. Pupa average duration was 7.25 ± 0.28 days (174 ± 6.72 h). Time until adult showed the same results that those obtained for the time until pupation. The adult length was greater in soft wood than in the other woods but it decreased when density increased. Soft wood and larval density have effects on hide beetles pupation, affecting larvae preference for woods, larval mortality, time until pupation, time until adult, and adult morphology. Recommendations to farmers or animal breeders and scientists were provided as well as data of forensic importance in the post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation.

Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: Consensus from scientific societies in Argentina Ismael, Julia; Losco, Federico; Quildrian, Sergio; Sanchez, Pablo; Pincemin, Isabel; Lastiri, Jose; Bella, Santiago Rafael; Chinellato, Alejandro; Dellamea, Guillermo; Ahualli, Alejandro; Rompato, Silvana; Velez, Julio; Escobar, Rafael; Zwenger, Ariel; Rosales, Cristina; Bagnes, Claudia; Puyol, Jorge; Niewiadomski, Dario; Smecuol, Edgardo; Nachman, Fabio; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor; Suppicich, Juan Ramos; Price, Paola; Medina, Luis; O'Connor, Juan Introduction: The world is living through an outbreak of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new betacoronavirus known as coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which has been declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. Cancer patients are a very special population in this setting since they are more susceptible to viral infections than the general population. Several recommendations have been made on this issue, most of them based on expert opinion and institutional experience. It is essential to gather the evidence available for decision making. Objective: To review the evidence available in order to create a multi-institutional position from the perspective of scientific societies in Argentina involved in the management of cancer patients. Methodology: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The final results were presented at a videoconference with all the participants. Also, additional comment and recommendations were discussed. The final document was revised and approved for publication by the members of the panel. Results: The consensus panel included 18 representatives from scientific societies from Argentina who assessed the evidence and then made recommendations for the management of cancer patients in our country. International guidelines (CDC; ASCO, NCCN and ESMO) were considered as a background for analysis, as well as institutional guidelines and an open ad hoc survey administered to 114 healthcare professionals from the scientific societies involved in this study. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions-training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions-patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations-optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. The general recommendation arising from the study is that the management of cancer patients must adapt to the exceptional pandemic status quo without disregarding treatment or cure options. Moreover, healthcare professional accompaniment of all patients should not be neglected. All healthcare professionals must make a significant joint effort to create multidisciplinary teams to discuss the most appropriate measures for each particular situation. Conclusions: The scientific evidence available on this topic worldwide is in progress. This together with the epidemiologically shifting scenario poses unprecedented challenges in the management of cancer amidst this global pandemic. Furthermore, the key role of the healthcare structural organisation appears evident, such as the drafting of clear guidelines for all the stakeholders, adaptability to constant change and an interdisciplinary shared vision through consensus to provide adequate care to our cancer patients in the light of uncertainty and fast-paced change.

Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle–nucleus-located proteins Krupinska, Karin; Blanco, Nicolás Ernesto; Oetke, Svenja; Zottini, Michela An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

Field and selected body temperatures of the San Lucan rock lizard (Petrosaurus thalassinus) in Baja California, Mexico Cardona Botero, Victoria E; Lara Resendiz, Rafael Alejandro; Galina Tessaro, Patricia Temperature is a fundamental factor in the ecology of reptiles because it affects growth, survival, and reproduction (Huey, 1982).

Nicolás de Oresme y la rotación de la Tierra Di Liscia, Daniel; Szapiro, Aníbal El filósofo y matemático francés Nicolás de Oresme (c. 1323 -1382) realizó sobre el final de su vida un comentario al De Caelo de Aristóteles en el que analiza los argumentos a favor y en contra de la hipótesis del movimiento terrestre. En este trabajo, caracterizamos la obra de Oresme como comentario a la obra aristotélica, contextualizamos su análisis de la posibilidad del movimiento terrestre, sistematizamos y analizamos sus argumentos, y evaluamos distintas hipótesis históricas y epistemológicas que podrían dar cuenta de su actitud en este pasaje. Añadimos, a modo de apéndice con el que el texto establece permanentes referencias cruzadas, la primera traducción íntegra al castellano del capítulo 25 del Libro II en el que Oresme expone sus argumentos.; By the end of his life, the philosopher and mathematician Nicole Oresme (c. 1323 -1382) wrote a commentary on Aristotle’s De caelo. In it, he dedicated the 25th chapter of the second book to analyze the arguments for and against the Earth’s diurnal movement hypothesis. In this paper, we characterize Oresme’s work as a commentary to Aristotle’s, contextualize his analysis of the possibility of the movement of the Earth, systematize and analyze his arguments, and evaluate historical and epistemological hypotheses that can explain Oresme’s attitude towards this problem. We offer, as a permanently linked appendix, the first Spanish translation of the abovementioned chapter.

Paulo Leminski, from São Paulo Concretism to the Post-Haiku Cámara, Mario Cesar In this essay, I examine part of the work of the Brazilian poet Paulo Leminski. From an analysis of his first poems, I define his differences from São Paulo?s concrete poets and demonstrate how Leminski developed a poetic project inspired by the genre of haikai. The "post-haiku" allowed Leminski to articulate a tradition of formal compositional rigor and the idea of poetry as experience.

Babylonian solar theory on the Antikythera Mechanism Evans, James; Carman, Christian Carlos This article analyzes the angular spacing of the degree marks on the zodiac scale of the Antikythera mechanism and demonstrates that over the entire preserved 88° of the zodiac, the marks are systematically placed too close together to be consistent with a uniform distribution over 360°. Thus, in some other part of the zodiac scale (not preserved), the degree marks have been spaced farther apart. By contrast, the day marks on the Egyptian calendar scale are spaced uniformly, apart from minor errors. A solar equation of center is apparent which rises by nearly 2.7° over the preserved portion of the zodiac. The placement of the degree marks indicates that, in the preserved portion of the zodiac, the Sun was considered to run at a uniform pace of about 30° per synodic month, which is consistent with the Sun’s speed in the fast zone of the Babylonian solar theory of System A.

Violence on Social Media: An Exploration into the Online Expressions of Adolescents from Marginalized Areas of Greater Buenos Aires Angilletta, María Florencia; Linne, Joaquín Walter This paper explores the online expressions of violence perpetrated or experienced by adolescents from marginalized areas of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Four specific events-threats, "bondis" [fights], cyberbullying and grief-were examined using a qualitative methodology consisting of 20 in-depth interviews and 3,000 virtual observations of Facebook profiles. Among the main findings, most expressions of violence were found to be part of an offline-online dynamic. Based on the empirical evidence provided herein, it can be affirmed that these adolescents expressions of violence develop around the culture of "aguante" [fierce loyalty]. This paper ponders whether on the "like" platform, these expressions are implicitly utilitarian to the social network or. On the contrary, they enable displacements and meaningful reappropriations on the part of users. Ultimately, it poses new questions about the use of these tools by adolescents from marginalized areas and sets out to delve into the approaches used to examine these phenomena in all their complexity. Indexado en CrossRef, J-Gate, Thomson Gale y Ulrichs web.

Cálculo político y planificación. Los modelos numex desarrollados por Oscar Varsavsky y colaboradores; Political calculation and planning. The numex models developed by Oscar Varsavsky and collaborators; Cálculo político e planejamento. Os modelos numex desenvolvidos por Oscar Varsavsky e colaboradores Viedma, María Celeste En este trabajo se abordan los desarrollos en experimentación y simulación numérica realizados hacia fines de la década del sesenta y principios de los setenta, en América Latina, para su aplicación al cálculo político y la planificación. Desarrollados por los argentinos Oscar Varsavsky y Alfredo Eric Calcagno, el chileno Carlos Matus y otros consultores de la CEPAL y colaboradores, se trata de modelos que fueron concebidos para servir como guía para la acción y tenían como propósito permitir calcular la viabilidad material y política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se discute en particular el modelo numex para la toma de decisiones. Estos modelos implicaban una formalización del cálculo político, con mayor o menor grado de cuantificación. El trabajo propone diversos interrogantes en relación con la validez de estos instrumentos y las posibles aplicaciones de la experimentación numérica para la toma de decisiones políticas de los gobiernos, en particular de Latinoamérica.; In this work it is analyzed the developments in numerical experimentation carried out in Latin America, at the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies, for their application to political calculation and planning. Developed by the Argentines Oscar Varsavsky and Alfredo Eric Calcagno, the Chilean Carlos Matus and other consultants of CEPAL and collaborators, these are models that were conceived to serve as a guide to action. It was intended to allow the calculation of material viability and the policy of alternative development “styles”. The numex model is discussed in particular for decision making. These models involved a formalization of political calculation, with the slightest degree of quantification. The work raises several questions regarding the validity of these instruments and the possible applications of numerical experimentation for the taking of political decisions by governments, particularly in Latin America.; Este trabalho aborda os desarrollos na experimentação e simulação numérica executados com multas da década de sesenta e princípios da setenta, na América Latina, para a aplicação do cálculo político e da planificação. Escrito por argentinos Oscar Varsavsky e Alfredo Eric Calcagno, o chileno Carlos Matus e outros consultores da CEPAL e colaboradores, trata de modelos que podem ser usados para guiar como guia para a ação e tenaz como determinar a maneira de determinar o material de viabilidade e a política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se você discute em particular o modelo numérico para tomar decisões. Os modelos implicam uma formalização de cálculo político, com prefeito ou menor grau de garantia. O trabalho propõe diversos interrogadores na relação com a validade dos instrumentos e os possíveis aplicativos da experimentação numérica para tomar decisões políticas dos gobiernos, em particular da América Latina.

Factors that influence magnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Bainbridge, Constance; Clites, Benjamin L; Caldart Valle, Carlos Sebastian; Palacios, Beatriz; Rollins, K.; Golombek, Diego Andres; Pierce, Jonathan Thomas; Vidal Gadea, Andrés Magnetoreceptive animals orient to the earth’s magnetic field at angles that change depending on temporal, spatial, and environmental factors such as season, climate, and position within the geomagnetic field. How magnetic migratory preference changes in response to internal or external stimuli is not understood. We previously found that Caenorhabditis elegans orients to magnetic fields favoring migrations in one of two opposite directions. Here we present new data from our labs together with replication by an independent lab to test how temporal, spatial, and environmental factors influence the unique spatiotemporal trajectory that worms make during magnetotaxis. We found that worms gradually change their average preferred angle of orientation by ~ 180° to the magnetic field during the course of a 90-min assay. Moreover, we found that the wild-type N2 strain prefers to orient towards the left side of a north-facing up, disc-shaped magnet. Lastly, similar to some other behaviors in C. elegans, we found that magnetic orientation may be more robust in dry conditions (< 50% RH). Our findings help explain why C. elegans accumulates with distinct patterns during different periods and in differently shaped magnetic fields. These results provide a tractable system to investigate the behavioral genetic basis of state-dependent magnetic orientation.

Rethinking Paleolithic Visual Culture throughout immersive technology: The site "Cueva de las Manos" as a virtual "Denkraum" (Patagonia, Argentina) Gutiérrez de Angelis, Marina; Winckler, Greta; Bruno, Paula; Guarini, Aurelia del Carmen The discussion about the concepts of cave art and painting settled the basis of the project in the archaeological site of Cueva de las Manos in Argentina. The team use the immersive technology of VR and the 360° video as a methodology to explore visuality understood as a corporal act. Our hypothesis maintains that the concept of ?aesthetic experience? is not exclusively artistic, in its modern sense. The immersive medium allows the users to experience in the Cave, as a Virtual Denkraum, the spatial and cinematic sensoriality of the image, that poses open questions, instead of the need to decode meaning in the pictures.

Simulated folivory increases vertical transmission of fungal endophytes that deter herbivores and alter tolerance to herbivory in Poa autumnalis Gundel, Pedro Emilio; Sun, Prudence; Charlton, Nikki D.; Young, Carolyn A.; Miller, Tom E. X.; Rudgers, Jennifer A. • Background and Aims: The processes that maintain variation in the prevalence of symbioses within host populations are not well understood. While the fitness benefits of symbiosis have clearly been shown to drive changes in symbiont prevalence, the rate of transmission has been less well studied. Many grasses host symbiotic fungi (Epichloë spp.), which can be transmitted vertically to seeds or horizontally via spores. These symbionts may protect plants against herbivores by producing alkaloids or by increasing tolerance to damage. Therefore, herbivory may be a key ecological factor that alters symbiont prevalence within host populations by affecting either symbiont benefits to host fitness or the symbiont transmission rate. Here, we addressed the following questions: Does symbiont presence modulate plant tolerance to herbivory? Does folivory increase symbiont vertical transmission to seeds or hyphal density in seedlings? Do plants with symbiont horizontal transmission have lower rates of vertical transmission than plants lacking horizontal transmission? • Methods: We studied the grass Poa autumnalis and its symbiotic fungi in the genus Epichloë. We measured plant fitness (survival, growth, reproduction) and symbiont transmission to seeds following simulated folivory in a 3-year common garden experiment and surveyed natural populations that varied in mode of symbiont transmission. • Key Results: Poa autumnalis hosted two Epichloë taxa, an undescribed vertically transmitted Epichloë sp. PauTG-1 and E. typhina subsp. poae with both vertical and horizontal transmission. Simulated folivory reduced plant survival, but endophyte presence increased tolerance to damage and boosted fitness. Folivory increased vertical transmission and hyphal density within seedlings, suggesting induced protection for progeny of damaged plants. Across natural populations, the prevalence of vertical transmission did not correlate with symbiont prevalence or differ with mode of transmission. • Conclusions: Herbivory not only mediated the reproductive fitness benefits of symbiosis, but also promoted symbiosis prevalence by increasing vertical transmission of the fungus to the next generation. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which herbivores could influence the prevalence of microbial symbionts in host populations.