Cálculo político y planificación. Los modelos numex desarrollados por Oscar Varsavsky y colaboradores; Political calculation and planning. The numex models developed by Oscar Varsavsky and collaborators; Cálculo político e planejamento. Os modelos numex desenvolvidos por Oscar Varsavsky e colaboradores Viedma, María Celeste En este trabajo se abordan los desarrollos en experimentación y simulación numérica realizados hacia fines de la década del sesenta y principios de los setenta, en América Latina, para su aplicación al cálculo político y la planificación. Desarrollados por los argentinos Oscar Varsavsky y Alfredo Eric Calcagno, el chileno Carlos Matus y otros consultores de la CEPAL y colaboradores, se trata de modelos que fueron concebidos para servir como guía para la acción y tenían como propósito permitir calcular la viabilidad material y política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se discute en particular el modelo numex para la toma de decisiones. Estos modelos implicaban una formalización del cálculo político, con mayor o menor grado de cuantificación. El trabajo propone diversos interrogantes en relación con la validez de estos instrumentos y las posibles aplicaciones de la experimentación numérica para la toma de decisiones políticas de los gobiernos, en particular de Latinoamérica.; In this work it is analyzed the developments in numerical experimentation carried out in Latin America, at the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies, for their application to political calculation and planning. Developed by the Argentines Oscar Varsavsky and Alfredo Eric Calcagno, the Chilean Carlos Matus and other consultants of CEPAL and collaborators, these are models that were conceived to serve as a guide to action. It was intended to allow the calculation of material viability and the policy of alternative development “styles”. The numex model is discussed in particular for decision making. These models involved a formalization of political calculation, with the slightest degree of quantification. The work raises several questions regarding the validity of these instruments and the possible applications of numerical experimentation for the taking of political decisions by governments, particularly in Latin America.; Este trabalho aborda os desarrollos na experimentação e simulação numérica executados com multas da década de sesenta e princípios da setenta, na América Latina, para a aplicação do cálculo político e da planificação. Escrito por argentinos Oscar Varsavsky e Alfredo Eric Calcagno, o chileno Carlos Matus e outros consultores da CEPAL e colaboradores, trata de modelos que podem ser usados para guiar como guia para a ação e tenaz como determinar a maneira de determinar o material de viabilidade e a política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se você discute em particular o modelo numérico para tomar decisões. Os modelos implicam uma formalização de cálculo político, com prefeito ou menor grau de garantia. O trabalho propõe diversos interrogadores na relação com a validade dos instrumentos e os possíveis aplicativos da experimentação numérica para tomar decisões políticas dos gobiernos, em particular da América Latina.

Factors that influence magnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Bainbridge, Constance; Clites, Benjamin L; Caldart Valle, Carlos Sebastian; Palacios, Beatriz; Rollins, K.; Golombek, Diego Andres; Pierce, Jonathan Thomas; Vidal Gadea, Andrés Magnetoreceptive animals orient to the earth’s magnetic field at angles that change depending on temporal, spatial, and environmental factors such as season, climate, and position within the geomagnetic field. How magnetic migratory preference changes in response to internal or external stimuli is not understood. We previously found that Caenorhabditis elegans orients to magnetic fields favoring migrations in one of two opposite directions. Here we present new data from our labs together with replication by an independent lab to test how temporal, spatial, and environmental factors influence the unique spatiotemporal trajectory that worms make during magnetotaxis. We found that worms gradually change their average preferred angle of orientation by ~ 180° to the magnetic field during the course of a 90-min assay. Moreover, we found that the wild-type N2 strain prefers to orient towards the left side of a north-facing up, disc-shaped magnet. Lastly, similar to some other behaviors in C. elegans, we found that magnetic orientation may be more robust in dry conditions (< 50% RH). Our findings help explain why C. elegans accumulates with distinct patterns during different periods and in differently shaped magnetic fields. These results provide a tractable system to investigate the behavioral genetic basis of state-dependent magnetic orientation.

Rethinking Paleolithic Visual Culture throughout immersive technology: The site "Cueva de las Manos" as a virtual "Denkraum" (Patagonia, Argentina) Gutiérrez de Angelis, Marina; Winckler, Greta; Bruno, Paula; Guarini, Aurelia del Carmen The discussion about the concepts of cave art and painting settled the basis of the project in the archaeological site of Cueva de las Manos in Argentina. The team use the immersive technology of VR and the 360° video as a methodology to explore visuality understood as a corporal act. Our hypothesis maintains that the concept of ?aesthetic experience? is not exclusively artistic, in its modern sense. The immersive medium allows the users to experience in the Cave, as a Virtual Denkraum, the spatial and cinematic sensoriality of the image, that poses open questions, instead of the need to decode meaning in the pictures.

Simulated folivory increases vertical transmission of fungal endophytes that deter herbivores and alter tolerance to herbivory in Poa autumnalis Gundel, Pedro Emilio; Sun, Prudence; Charlton, Nikki D.; Young, Carolyn A.; Miller, Tom E. X.; Rudgers, Jennifer A. • Background and Aims: The processes that maintain variation in the prevalence of symbioses within host populations are not well understood. While the fitness benefits of symbiosis have clearly been shown to drive changes in symbiont prevalence, the rate of transmission has been less well studied. Many grasses host symbiotic fungi (Epichloë spp.), which can be transmitted vertically to seeds or horizontally via spores. These symbionts may protect plants against herbivores by producing alkaloids or by increasing tolerance to damage. Therefore, herbivory may be a key ecological factor that alters symbiont prevalence within host populations by affecting either symbiont benefits to host fitness or the symbiont transmission rate. Here, we addressed the following questions: Does symbiont presence modulate plant tolerance to herbivory? Does folivory increase symbiont vertical transmission to seeds or hyphal density in seedlings? Do plants with symbiont horizontal transmission have lower rates of vertical transmission than plants lacking horizontal transmission? • Methods: We studied the grass Poa autumnalis and its symbiotic fungi in the genus Epichloë. We measured plant fitness (survival, growth, reproduction) and symbiont transmission to seeds following simulated folivory in a 3-year common garden experiment and surveyed natural populations that varied in mode of symbiont transmission. • Key Results: Poa autumnalis hosted two Epichloë taxa, an undescribed vertically transmitted Epichloë sp. PauTG-1 and E. typhina subsp. poae with both vertical and horizontal transmission. Simulated folivory reduced plant survival, but endophyte presence increased tolerance to damage and boosted fitness. Folivory increased vertical transmission and hyphal density within seedlings, suggesting induced protection for progeny of damaged plants. Across natural populations, the prevalence of vertical transmission did not correlate with symbiont prevalence or differ with mode of transmission. • Conclusions: Herbivory not only mediated the reproductive fitness benefits of symbiosis, but also promoted symbiosis prevalence by increasing vertical transmission of the fungus to the next generation. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which herbivores could influence the prevalence of microbial symbionts in host populations.

Shoreline change rates along Samborombón Bay, Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina Bacino, Guido Luis; Dragani, Walter Cesar; Codignotto, Jorge Osvaldo; Pescio, Andrés Esteban; Farenga, Marcelo Omar Samborombón Bay is an extensive microtidal wetland located in the outer Río de la Plata estuary. Shoreline change rates (erosion or accretion) were quantified at six control areas situated along the bay's coastal area. Digital Shoreline Analysis System 4.3 (DSAS) was used to process aerial photographs and high-resolution satellite images, aiming to quantify shoreline change. A larger ‘Total Period’ (the last 50 years) and a ’Recent Period’ (the last decade approximately) were considered for analyzing shoreline evolution. Erosion and accretion rates increased in five of the six control areas during the last decade. The alongshore (PlN) and the incident (Pi) wave energy fluxes were computed from numerical wave simulations. Highest mean annual Pi values were observed at the southern and northern sectors of the bay, and lower values were obtained at the center. Mean annual PlN shows a convergent pattern in Samborombón Bay. Some differences between adjacent locations regarding annual mean PlN were detected. These differences could generate a slight divergence in PlN, leading to mild coastal erosion. Pi presents generally positive trends along the bay. On the contrary, PlN only presents a significant trend in the southern part of the bay. Then, while the erosional capability (Pi) is increasing, transport capacity (PlN) is quite stable along the coastal area of the bay. Finally, the hydro-sedimentary processes at the coastal area of Samborombón Bay were interpreted by means of a simple conceptual model, which includes internal and external sources of sediments.

Pueblo chico, mundo grande: familia, protesta y cultura en una localidad ferroviaria del norte argentino (Tafí Viejo, Tucumán, 1900-1920); Small town, big world: family, protest, and culture in a railroad town of the Argentine north (Tafí Viejo, Tucumán 1900-1920) Palermo, Silvana Alejandra Este artículo examina la cotidianeidad obrera en una localidad ferroviaria del norte argentino en las primeras décadas del siglo XX: el pueblo de Tafí Viejo, en la provincia de Tucumán. Aborda la vida familiar, la sociabilidad pública y política, las formas de protesta laboral y la cultura políticade los trabajadores, atendiendo, en particular, al modo en que esa singular territorialidad modeló las experiencias sociales. A su vez, explora como estas familias con sus prácticas políticas y culturales dotaron de sentido a esos espacios y geografías. Para ello, apela a un corpus documental diverso, que incluye documentación oficial, empresaria, sindical, prensa comercial y la autobiografía de un inmigrante español de orientación anarquista.; This article examines working class daily life in small railroad towns in the north of Argentina during the first decades of the XX century, taking as a key case study Tafi Viejo, in the province of Tucumán. It analyzes different aspects of workers’ family life, public and political sociability, forms of collective action and political culture, by looking at the ways in which that singular geography shaped working-class families’ experiences. At the same time, it explores how these families, with their political and cultural practices, attributed singular meanings to these local spaces and districts. To do so, this study is based on a diversity of sources: official documents, company reports, trade union papers, commercial press, and the memoirs of a Spanish immigrant identified with the anarchist movement.

El menu del agronegocio: monocultivo y malnutrición del productor al consumidor; O cardápio do agronegócio: monocultura e desnutrição de produtor para consumidor (1996-2019); The agribusiness menu: monoculture and malnutrition from producer to consumer (1996-2019) Blacha, Luis Ernesto El pasaje de la agricultura al agronegocio transforma los usos del territorio y el vínculo social con los alimentos. El monocultivo permite un incremento de la productividad por hectárea que no puede transladarse a la calidad nutricional. Son saberes expertos que permiten simplificar los ecosistemas y promueven la estandarización de todos los componentes de las cadenas agroalimentarias que reducen el carácter omnívoro de la dieta y lleva a la malnutrición por exceso. Es una coyuntura donde la consolidación del agronegocio como modelo productivo, que distancia a productores de consumidores, termina incrementando la influencia delas grandes empresas transnacionales que comercializan alimentos. Surgen nuevas desigualdades, las nutricionales, aún en países con patrones alimentarios consolidados que permitieron hasta finales del siglo XX el acceso a proteínas de alto valor biológico.; A passagem da agricultura para o agronegócio transforma os usos do território e o vínculo social com os alimentos. A monocultura permite um aumento da produtividade por hectare que não pode ser transferido para a qualidade nutricional. São conhecimentos especializados que permitem simplificar os ecossistemas e promover a padronização de todos os componentes das cadeias agroalimentares que reduzem a natureza onívora da dieta e levam à desnutrição em excesso. É uma situação em que a consolidação do agronegócio como modelo produtivo, que distancia produtores dos consumidores, acaba aumentando a influência de grandes empresas transnacionais que comercializam alimentos. Surgem novas desigualdades nutricionais, mesmo em países com padrões alimentares consolidados que permitiram o acesso a proteínas de alto valor biológico até o final do século XX.; The passage from agriculture to agribusiness transforms the uses of the territory and the social link with food. Monoculture allows an increase in productivity per hectare that cannot be given to nutritional quality. This expert knowledge allows simplifying ecosystems and promoting the standardization of all components of agrifood chains that reduce the omnivorous nature of the diet and leads to an excess in malnutrition. It is a situation where the consolidation of agribusiness as a productive model, which distances producers from consumers, ends up increasing the influence of the large transnational companies that sell food. New nutritional inequalities arise, even in countries with consolidated food patterns that allowed access to proteins of high biological value until the end of the 20th century.

Nuevas espiritualidades políticas Balcarce, Gabriela La visibilidad de la violencia de género ha sido un logro de los movimientos feministas. Estos nos han permitido entender de una manera diferente aquello que se denominó "crímenes pasionales", así como también la caracterización de los perpetradores de dichoscrímenes: estos no son simples monstruos con problemas de sociabilidad, o seres desviados, sino que son, de hecho, productos del patriarcado. El feminismo, así, denuncia las formas de vida a las quela sociedad nos ha llevado.Son las técnicas de vida aquellas que ponen en juego diferentesmodos de subjetivación y de ser-con-otrxs. Esta caracterización política del femicidio permite considerarlo ya no como un suceso individual, sino que este pasa a ser colectivo.

Reduction of Vegetable Oil‐Derived Fatty Acid Methyl Esters toward Fatty Alcohols without the Supply of Gaseous H2 Vallejo Orrego, Alejandro; Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro; Díez, Verónica K. An alternative route to the conventional one for fatty alcohol synthesis was investigated. It was possible to synthesize lauryl alcohol from methyl laurate via reduction by transfer of hydrogen and hydride in liquid phase, in noncatalytic reactions and without the supply of H2 gaseous. Pure NaBH4 or alumina‐supported NaBH4 and methanol were used as co‐reactants and 100% fatty alcohol selectivities were achieved. The aim of supporting the metal hydride was to increase its stability and achieve the full recovery of the solid at the end of reaction. When alumina‐supported NaBH4 was used, a final fatty alcohol yield of 93% was achieved. The use of methanol and NaBH4 in amounts higher than stoichiometric is important to generate alkoxyborohydride anions which act as better reducing species than NaBH4. The reaction conditions effect was investigated and the role of short carbon chain alcohol structure was elucidated. The effect of fatty acid methyl ester structure was also studied. Fatty acid methyl esters with shorter carbon chain length and without unsaturation (methyl laurate, methyl myristate) were easily reduced using NaBH4/Al2O3 and methanol reaching high conversions and fatty alcohol selectivities. Unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester with longer carbon chain (methyl oleate) introduced steric hindrance which disfavoured interaction between ester and reducing solid surface and fatty acid methyl ester conversion was noticeably lower. A reaction mechanism based on alkoxyborohydride anions as the actual reducing species was proposed. This mechanism fully interprets results obtained during fatty acid methyl ester reduction using short carbon chain alcohols and metal hydride.

La democracia cristiana en Argentina: Formaciones políticas, partidos y vínculos transnacionales (1912-1967) Mauro, Diego Alejandro El artículo estudia las diferentes formaciones electorales de la democracia cristiana en Argentina desde las primeras décadas del siglo xx hasta los años sesenta. Se analizan las transformaciones programáticas, las influencias ideológicas, los vínculos transnacionales y las estructuras organizativas. Se sostiene el argumento de que tras las diferentes agrupaciones se fueron perfilando dos modelos distintos: uno de naturaleza "confesional", basado en los lineamientos del catolicismo social y proclive a buscar la convergencia con las estructuras eclesiásticas y las asociaciones católicas, y otro más secularizado, caracterizado por un mayor grado de diferenciación con la Iglesia y la aceptación de la democracia parlamentaria como régimen político.; The article explores the political history of Christian Democracy in Argentina from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1960s. It analyses ideological transformations, transnational relations, and different organizational structures. The central argument is that there were two different models. The first was a "confessional" model that promoted social Catholicism and advocated a convergence with ecclesiastical structures and Catholic associations. The other was a «secularized» model, which maintained its distance from the Church and accepted the political regime of parliamentary democracy.

Wittgenstein sin vericuetos: Escepticismo semántico y autonomía de la gramática Karczmarczyk, Pedro Diego Este trabajo analiza las dos tesis principales del libro de Pérez Otero, Vericuetos de la filosofía de Wittgenstein: la revisión de la simetría general entre acciones y omisiones como comportamientos intencionales, y la propuesta de respuesta disposicional “teleológica” al desafío escéptico del Wittgenstein de Kripke. Sobre la primera, ponemos de manifiesto la neutralidad de la gramática de la atribución de comportamientos intencionales respecto al determinismo causal destacando el carácter retrospectivo de las atribuciones a través del concepto de “justificación post hoc”. Sobre la segunda, indicamos que el rechazo del internismo no alcanza para hacer de las disposiciones teleológicas una explicación satisfactoria del seguimiento de reglas e indicamos que Pérez Otero malinterpreta la clase de problema planteado por el escepticismo semántico wittgensteiniano, el cual implica abandonar la concepción que hace del seguimiento de reglas la “praxis de un sujeto” para comprender a los seguidores de reglas como los “sujetos de una práctica”.; This paper analyses the two main thesis of the recently published Pérez Otero’s book Vericuetos de la filosofía de Wittgenstein: the revision of the general symmetry between actions and omissions as intentional behaviour, and the proposal of a “teleological” (etiological) dispositional answer to Kripke’s Wittgenstein sceptical challenge. Concerning the first thesis, we show that the grammar of attributions of intentions is neutral regarding causal determinism because of the retrospective character of attributions illustrated by the concept of “justification post hoc”. Regarding the second thesis, we stress that the refusal of internism is not enough to ground a satisfactory explanation of rule-following on teleological dispositions, and we show that Pérez Otero misunderstands the kind of problem posed by the Kripke’s Wittgenstein meaning scepticism, which implies to abandon the conception that makes of “rule-following” the “praxis of a subject” for another that regards rulefollowers as the “subjects of a practice”.

A study of the effects of the cathode configuration on the plasma kinetics and neutron emission of plasma-focus discharges in deuterium Barbaglia, Mario Oscar; Giovachini, Ricardo Hernán; Milanese, Maria Magdalena; Clausse, Alejandro The differences in performance of a 1.9 kJ plasma-focus device PACO assembled with three different cathode configurations are experimentally qualified. In particular, the current sheath kinetics and the neutron yield operating with deuterium gas are systematically studied for the whole range of neutron-producing pressures, and the measurements are analyzed searching for relations between relevant physical magnitudes. The pinching time was found correlated with the dimensionless driver parameter, and this feature was found statistically independent of the cathode. The variation of the inductance jump associated with the radial collapse stage is used to estimate the effective pinch length, (7.3 ± 1.6) mm, and radius, (3.6 ± 2.1 ) mm. The maximum production in a single shot was registered for the smallest cathode radius, 41 mm, whereas the intermediate cathode radius, 45 mm, scored better in average. In all configurations, the neutrons per deuteron pair correlates fairly well with an estimation of the effective equilibrium temperature of the pinch, which suggests a prevalence of thermonuclear neutrons measured perpendicularly to the focus axis.

Inheritance of winemaking stress factors tolerance in Saccharomyces uvarum/S. eubayanus × S. cerevisiae artificial hybrids Origone, Andrea Cecilia; Gonzalez Flores, Melisa; Rodríguez, María Eugenia; Querol, Amparo; Lopes, Christian Ariel Stress has been defined as any environmental factor that impairs the growth of a living organism. High concentrations of ethanol, sugars and SO2 as well as temperature variations occurring during winemaking processes are some recognized stress factors that yeasts must overcome in order to avoid stuck or sluggish fermentations. At least two of these factors -sugar and ethanol concentrations- are strongly influenced by the global warming, which become them a worry for the future years in the winemaking industry. One of the most interesting strategies to face this complex situation is the generation of hybrids possessing, in a single yeast strain, a broader range of stress factors tolerance than their parents. In the present study, we evaluated four artificial hybrids generated with S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and S. eubayanus using a non-GMO-generating method, in their tolerance to a set of winemaking stress factors. Their capacity to overcome specific artificial winemaking situations associated with global warming was also analyzed. All four hybrids were able to grow in a wider temperature range (8‐37 °C) than their parents. Hybrids showed intermediate tolerance to higher ethanol, sugar and sulphite concentrations than their parents. Additionally, the hybrids showed an excellent fermentative behaviour in musts containing high fructose concentrations at low temperature as well as under a condition mimicking a stuck fermentation.

(Des)componer una tierra: Canadá repensada desde la escritura topográfica en Land to Light On de Dionne Brand; To (de)compose a land: rethinking Canada through topographic writing in Land to Light On by Dionne Brand Galettini, Azucena El poemario Land to Light Onde la autora Dionne Brand, de origen trinitense y residente de Canadá desde 1970, aborda un espacio que parecía vedado a una inmigrante caribeña: el wilderness [naturaleza agreste] canadiense. En tanto representación paisajística de la identidad nacional, ese espacio suele percibirse como terreno exclusivo de autores blancos, canadienses de nacimiento, y no fuente de inspiración para una autora afrodescendiente de origen caribeño. A partir de las tensiones entre el aquí/allí con las que se estructura la relación entre Canadá y el Caribe, Brand da cuenta en este poemario de la imposibilidad de construir un territorio propio. A partir de la selección de algunos poemas paradigmáticos del libro, en el presente trabajo se analizará cómo esa renuncia no es solo personal sino que arremete contra la construcción ficcional que toda nación conlleva. Para ello, nos valdremos de la noción de “escritura topográfica” que acuñamos con el fin de describir cómo Brand inscribe en su poesía el paisaje como un acto más de lenguaje. Se observará, mediante un análisis pormenorizado de los recursos estilísticos y lingüísticos presentes en los poemas seleccionados, la imagen de Canadá que emerge y la relación que la autora establece con lo geográfico, más allá de las fronteras nacionales.; The poetry collection Land to Light On by Dionne Brand, Trinidadian by birth and resident in Canada since 1970, deals with a space that seems forbidden to a Caribbean immigrant: Canadian wilderness. As a landscape representation of national identity, the wilderness tends to be perceived as the exclusive realm of white authors, Canadians by birth, not as a source of inspiration for an Afrodescendant author born in the Caribbean. Through the tensions between “here” and “there” that structure the relationship between Canada and the Caribbean, in this poetry collection Brand deals with the impossibility of constructing a land of her own. By analyzing a selection of paradigmatic poems from Land to Light On, in this article we will study how that surrender is not only personal, but a way of confronting the fictional construction that any nation entails. In order to do that, we will utilize the notion of “topographic writing”, coined with the purpose of describing how Brand inscribes landscape in her poetry: as another act of language. Through a detailed analysis of stylistic and linguistic resources present in the poems selected, we will observe how an image of Canada emerges and the relationship the author stablishes with geography, beyond national borders.

Análisis lingüístico y estereotipos en una sentencia penal chilena; Linguistic analysis and stereotyping in a chilean criminal sentence Aguero San Juan, Claudio; Zambrano-Tiznado, Juan Pablo; Arena, Federico José; Correa, Rodrigo Coloma This article uses elements of systemic functional linguistics developed by the Sydney School, along with stereotypes theory to analyze two fragments of a Chilean criminal sentence, which was chosen intentionally. The research applied a segmentation to the text and selected two segments to perform a linguistic and stereotypes analysis. The analysis shows that the judges partially evaluated the credibility of the only defense witness. In turn, the analysis of stereotypes shows the presence of a normative stereotype implicit in the text of the sentence. This stereotype refers to the witness' maternal role in her relationship with the defendant. It is concluded that the use of the stereotype is not justified because the judges did not present any evidence that the stereotype used was applicable to the case.

Dissipative-type theories for Bjorken and Gubser flows Cantarutti, Lucas Gabriel; Calzetta, Esteban Adolfo We use the dissipative-type theory (DTT) framework to solve for the evolution of conformal fluids in Bjorken and Gubser flows from isotropic initial conditions. The results compare well with both exact and other hydrodynamic solutions in the literature. At the same time, DTTs enforce the Second Law of thermodynamics as an exact property of the formalism, at any order in deviations from equilibrium, and are easily generalizable to more complex situations.

Simple model of the wave pattern in the atmosphere of a slow rotating planet due to surface irregularities Vigh, Carlos Donato; Cirilo, Diego Julio; Mayochi, Mariano; Minotti, Fernando Oscar Recent observations show a persistent pattern on Venus surface, interpreted as a stationary wave due to the interaction of the prevailing winds with the orography of the planet. In this work we use an idealized model of the phenomenon that allows for a fully analytical solution applied to a slow rotating planet with idealized obstacles. We use Venus as a testing case. Taking advantage of the high Rossby number of the atmospheric flow in Venus we model the velocity as potential and solve the stationary shallow-water equations on a sphere, in which a base flow is perturbed by the orography. The corresponding Green function is derived and the atmosphere thickness perturbation obtained as a convolution with the terrain height distribution. Delta-like terrain distributions give thus explicit expressions of the atmosphere height pattern, that can be translated into temperature variations to be compared with observations in the case of Venus. In particular, it is found that the height perturbation due to a localized obstacle has a longitudinal extension related to the latitudinal extension of the base flow, and quantified in terms of a latitudinal variable related to latitude in a non-linear way.

Transformations of superpositions by means of incoherent operations Losada, Marcelo; Bosyk, Gustavo Martin; Freytes, Hector; Sergioli, Giuseppe In this paper we study how the coherence of a superposition of pure states is related with the coherence of its components. We consider two pure initial states and two pure final coherent states, such that the former ones cannot be transformed into the latter ones by means of incoherent transformations. In this situation, we analyze conditions for the existence of superpositions of the initial states that can be transformed into superpositions of the final states. In particular, we consider superpositions formed by quantum states belonging to orthogonal subspaces. By appealing to the majorization theory, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for such transformations to be possible. Finally, we provide some examples that illustrate the difference between the obtained conditions and the necessary criterion based on the relative entropy of coherence.

Sixteen overlooked open clusters in the four th Galactic quadrant A combined analysis of UBVI photometry and Gaia DR2 with ASteCA Perren, Gabriel Ignacio; Giorgi, E. E.; Moitinho, A.; Carraro, Giovanni; Pera, María Sol; Vazquez, Ruben Angel Aims. This paper has two main objectives: (1) To determine the intrinsic properties of 16 faint and mostly unstudied open clustersin the poorly known sector of the Galaxy at 270◦−300◦ to probe the Milky Way structure in future investigations. (2) To addresspreviously reported systematics in Gaia DR2 parallaxes by comparing the cluster distances derived from photometry with thosederived from parallaxes.Methods. Deep UBVI photometry of 16 open clusters was carried out. Observations were reduced and analyzed in an automaticway using the ASteCA package to obtain individual distances, reddening, masses, ages, and metallicities. Photometric distances werecompared to those obtained from a Bayesian analysis of Gaia DR2 parallaxes.Results. Ten out of the sixteen clusters are true or highly probable open clusters. Two of them are quite young and follow the traceof the Carina Arm and the already detected warp. The remaining clusters are placed in the interarm zone between the Perseus andCarina Arms, as expected for older objects. We found that the cluster van den Berg-Hagen 85 is 7.5 × 109 yr old, which means that itis one of the oldest open clusters detected in our Galaxy so far. The relationship of these ten clusters with the Galaxy structure in thesolar neighborhood is discussed. The comparison of distances from photometry and parallaxes data in turn reveals a variable level ofdisagreement.Conclusions. Various zero-point corrections for Gaia DR2 parallax data recently reported were considered for a comparison betweenphotometry- and parallax-based distances. The results tend to improve with some of these corrections. Photometric distance analysissuggests an average correction of ∼+0.026 mas (to be added to the parallaxes). The correction may have a more intricate dependenceon distance, but addressing this level of detail will require a larger cluster sample.

The reduction of methane production in the in vitro ruminal fermentation of different substrates is linked with the chemical composition of the essential oil Garcia, Florencia; Colombatto, Dario; Brunetti, María Alejandra; Martínez, María José; Moreno, María Valeria; Scorcione Turcato, María Carolina; Lucini, Enrique Iván; Frossasco, Georgina Paola; Martínez Ferrer, Jorge There is interest in identifying natural products capable of manipulating rumen microbial activity to develop new feed additives for ruminant nutrition as a strategy to reduce methane. Two trials were performed using the in vitro gas production technique to evaluate the interaction of substrate (n = 5) and additive (n = 6, increasing doses: 0, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 µL/L of essential oils—EO—of Lippia turbinata or Tagetes minuta, and monensin at 1.87 mg/L). The two EO utilized were selected because they differ markedly in their chemical composition, especially in the proportion of oxygenated compounds. For both EO, the interaction between the substrate and additive was significant for all variables; however, the interaction behaved differently for the two EO. Within each substrate, the response was dose-dependent, without effects at a low level of EO and a negative outcome at the highest dose. The intermediate dose (30 µL/L) inhibited methane with a slight reduction on substrate digestibility, with L. turbinata being more effective than T. minuta. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the EO to reduce methane production depends on interactions between the substrate that is fermented and the additive dose that generates different characteristics within the incubation medium (e.g., pH); and thus, the chemical nature of the compounds of the EO modulates the magnitude of this response.