A software architecture perspective about Moodle flexibility for supporting empirical research of teaching theories Campo, Marcelo Ricardo; Amandi, Analia Adriana; Biset, Julio César Moodle represents a great contribution to the educational world since it provides an evolving platform for Virtual Learning Management Systems (VLMS) that became a standard de facto for most of the educational institutions around the world. Through the pedagogical functions provided, it collects in the many globally spread out databases a huge amount of information regarding the activities that teachers and students perform during the learning process. This reality makes Moodle a natural choice for conducting experimental research by Artificial Intelligence researchers interested in theories for improving learning and teaching; particularly those related with the controversial learning styles concept. Roughly defined, a learning style intends to be a model of the way and media an apprentice acquires knowledge and hence the way a teacher should present that knowledge to the apprentice matching his/her learning style. Independently of the many controversies (be these scientific, psychological or even ethical) about the soundness and real outcomes that such ideas can bring to improve learning, it’s a worthy intriguing research area for many researchers pursuing the ideal automated teacher: the teachbot dream. Behind this goal we have developed Middle, a Moodle plug-in able to infer the learning style of each student taking a course using an advanced version of a Bayesian network model that we previously tested. Middle intends support personalized teaching based on the Felder-Silverman’s ILS model and has been evaluated through controlled experiments and pilot test in high schools and university courses. Such experiments showed promising results that shed some light on learning styles modeling and its potential outcomes. During the experience we found strong limitations in the Moodle design regarding its supposed flexibility to incorporate new functionalities. From a strict software architecture point of view, we found that such flexibility is far from being enough to easier the implementation of the dynamic computational behavior required to support a teachbot. This made our effort much harder than expected, perhaps because of the illusion induced by the widespread use of Moodle. In this article we present our results and experiences extending Moddle with intelligent behavior from a software architecture point of view, focusing on the lessons learnt in such extension. Our experience indicates that this simplicity is far from being so and hence it is worth to share the limitations and how we overcome them.

Arsenic in Latin America: New findings on source, mobilization and mobility in human environments in 20 countries based on decadal research 2010-2020 Bundschuh, Jochen; Armienta, María Aurora; Morales-Simfors, Nury; Ayaz Alam, Mohammad; López, Dina; Delgado Quezada, Valeria; Dietrich, Sebastián; Schneider, Jerusa; Tapia, Joseline; Sracek, Ondra; Castillo, Elianna; Parra, Lue-Meru Marco; Altamirano Espinoza, Maximina; Guimarães Guilherme, Luiz Roberto; Sosa, Numa Nahuel; Niazi, Khan Niazi; Tomaszewska, Barbara; Lizama Allende, Katherine; Bieger, Klaus; Alonso, David; Brandão, Pedro; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Litter, Marta Irene; Ahmad, Arslan Today (year 2020), the globally recognized problem of arsenic (As) contamination of water resources and other environments at toxic levels has been reported in all of the 20 Latin American countries. The present review indicates that As is prevalent in 200 areas across these countries. Arsenic is naturally released into the environment and mobilized from geogenic sources comprising: (i) volcanic rocks and emissions, the latter being transported over thousands of kilometers from the source, (ii) metallic mineral deposits, which get exposed to human beings and livestock through drinking water or food chain, and (iii) As-rich geothermal fluids ascending from deep geothermal reservoirs contaminate freshwater sources. The challenge for mitigation is increased manifold by mining and related activities, as As from mining sites is transported by rivers over long distances and even reaches and contaminates coastal environments. The recognition of the As problem by the authorities in several countries has led to various actions for remediation, but there is a lack of long-term strategies for such interventions. Often only total As concentration is reported, while data on As sources, mobilization, speciation, mobility and pathways are lacking which is imperative for assessing quality of any water source, i.e. public and private.

Tecnodiplomacia, o cuando la ciencia y la tecnología se convierten en herramientas de paz: El caso de la cooperación nuclear entre Argentina y Brasil en el siglo XX; Technodiplomacy, or when science and technology become tools of peace: The case of nuclear cooperation between Argentina and Brazil in the twentieth century Vera, María Nevia Desde la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ciencia y tecnología han comenzado a ocupar un lugar preponderante en la agenda de políticas públicas de los Estados, y a ser consideradas como elementos claves de poder, especialmente la tecnología nuclear. Sin embargo, esta tecnología de usos duales no fue solo fuente de conflicto, sino que fue utilizada muchas veces como elemento de proyección de poder regional y global a través de la diplomacia atómica, práctica perteneciente al fenómeno más amplio conocido como Tecnodiplomacia. El presente artículo propone analizar el rol que la tecnología nuclear jugó en la transformación de relaciones conflictivas entre Argentina y Brasil en vínculos cooperativos estratégicos, durante el siglo XX.; Since the end of World War II, science and technology have begun to have a prominent place in State policies agendas, and to be considered key power elements, especially nuclear technology. Nonetheless, this dual use technology was not perceived only as a source of conflict but also as a key component of global and regional projection through atomic diplomacy, a practice belonging to a wider phenomenon known as technodiplomacy. This article seeks to analyze the role played by nuclear technology in the transformation of conflictive relations between Argentina and Brazil into strategic cooperative links during the twentieth century.

“Adiós querida mía, adiós tesoro”: Las acciones comunicativas de los suicidas apasionados en Buenos Aires durante el último tercio del siglo XIX; "Goodbye my dear, goodbye treasure": The communicative actions of passionate suicides in Buenos Aires during the last third of the 19th century Arroyo, Julián En el presente trabajo abordamos, desde una perspectiva histórica y sociocultural, un conjunto de casos de suicidio ocurridos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante el último tercio del siglo XIX, con el fin de analizar las acciones comunicativas llevadas adelante en las narraciones asociadas con pasiones románticas, sentimientos amorosos y conflictos conyugales. En este sentido, nos proponemos mostrar que si bien hubo acciones que buscaban generar dolor y pesar, también había otras que estaban orientadas a preservar la memoria del suicida entre los otros significativos.; In this paper we analyze suicide cases that occurred in the city of Buenos Aires during the last third of the nineteenth century. From a historical and sociocultural perspective, we study communicative actions in stories associated with romantic passions, love feelings and marital conflicts. Our goal is to show that there were actions with the intention of generating pain and sorrow, and there were also other acts to preserve the memory of suicide among their significant others.

La construcción de un accionar colectivo para la generación de proyectos habitacionales: Estudio de caso de una agrupación social en una ciudad media de Argentina; The construction of a collective action for the generation of housing projects: Case study of a social group in an average city in Argentina Girado, Agustina El artículo recupera la experiencia de lucha y de trabajo de una agrupación social abocada a la generación de proyectos habitacionales en una ciudad media de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). A partir de la misma se reflexiona respecto a los procesos de interacción social en variados espacios -familiares, barriales y organizacionales- así como de las características -estructurales y simbólicas- de la ciudad que habilitaron la generación de un accionar colectivo que resultó estratégico para garantizar el acceso al suelo urbano y la vivienda para vastos sectores sociales. Sumado a ello, se busca dar cuenta del carácter disputado, inacabado, fluido y muchas veces trunco, de los procesos, acciones y experiencias desplegadas por la agrupación en relación con la concreción de ciertos objetivos y de su inscripción en procesos históricos y políticos más globales. Lo desarrollado en el artículo se desprende de una investigación doctoral en Antropología Social que adoptó un enfoque etnográfico para la comprensión de los procesos sociales.; The paper recovers the experience of struggle and work of a social group dedicated to the generation of housing projects in an average city in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). From this, it reflects on the processes of social interaction in various spaces -family, neighbourhood and organizational- as well as the characteristics -structural and symbolic- of the city that enabled the generation of a collective action that proved strategic to guarantee access to urban land and housing for vast social sectors. In addition to this, it seeks to account for the disputed, unfinished, fluid and often truncated character, of the processes, actions and experiences displayed by the group in relation to the realization of certain objectives and their registration in more global historical and political processes. What was developed in the article follows a doctoral research in Social Anthropology that adopted an ethnographic approach to understand social processes.

Dinámica política, sociabilidad y trayectorias personales en el peronismo bonaerense (1956-1973); Political dynamics, sociability and personal trajectories in the peronism of Buenos Aires (1956-1973) Marcilese, José Bernardo Este trabajo analiza el funcionamiento del peronismo bonaerense durante los años que van del derrocamiento del Perón a su retorno, desde un enfoque centrado en la rama política del movimiento. En particular se consideran las trayectorias de un conjunto de dirigentes que se desempeñaron en diversas comunas de la Sexta Sección Electoral de la provincia de Buenos Aires en la etapa 1956-1973. Para ello se estudia su relación con los espacios de la sociabilidad formal, las redes de contactos personales y la influencia de su prestigio o notabilidad individual, factores que resultaron funcionales a su trabajo político en un contexto de proscripción alternado por episodios electorales o de institucionalización partidaria.; This paper analyzes the functioning of Buenos Aires Peronism during the years that go from the over throw of Perón to its return, from an approach focused on the political branch of the movement. In particular, the trajectories of a group of leaders who worked in various communes of the sixth electoral section of the province of Buenos Aires in the 1956- 1973 stage are considered. For this, its relationship with the spaces of formal sociability, personal contact networks and the influence of its prestigeor individual notability are studied, factors that were functional to its political work in a context of proscription alternated by electoral episodes or party institutionalization.

The Intrinsically Disordered Protein CARP9 Bridges HYL1 to AGO1 in the Nucleus to Promote MicroRNA Activity Tomassi, Ariel Hernán; Ré, Delfina Adela; Romani, Facundo Alihuen; Cambiagno, Damián Alejandro; Gonzalo, Lucía; Moreno, Javier Edgardo; Arce, Agustín Lucas; Manavella, Pablo Andrés In plants, small RNAs (sRNA) are loaded into ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins to fulfill their regulatory functions. Micro RNAs (miRNAs), one of the most abundant classes of endogenous sRNAs, are preferentially loaded into ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1). Such loading, long believed to happen exclusively in the cytoplasm, was recently proposed to also occur in the nucleus. Here we identified CONSTITUTIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE SMALL RNAS PATHWAYS9 (CARP9), a nuclear-localized, intrinsically disordered protein, as a factor promoting miRNA activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutations in the CARP9-encoding gene led to a mild reduction of miRNAs levels, impaired gene silencing, and characteristic morphological defects, including young leaf serration and altered flowering time. Intriguingly, we found that CARP9 was able to interact with HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), but not with other proteins of the miRNA biogenesis machinery. In the same way, CARP9 appeared to interact with mature miRNA, but not with pri-miRNA, positioning it after miRNA processing in the miRNA pathway. CARP9 was also able to interact with AGO1, promoting its interaction with HYL1 to facilitate miRNA loading in AGO1. Plants deficient in CARP9 displayed reduced levels of AGO1-loaded miRNAs, partial retention of miRNA in the nucleus, and reduced levels of AGO1. Collectively, our data suggest that CARP9 might modulate HYL1AGO1 crosstalk, acting as a scaffold for the formation of a nuclear post pri-miRNA processing complex that includes at least HYL1, AGO1 and HSP90. In such a complex, CARP9 stabilizes AGO1 and mature miRNAs, allowing the proper loading of miRNAs in the effector complex.

Territorio y pandemia: La urbanidad discontinuada Fedele Abatidaga, Javier A partir de ponderaciones generales sobre el nuevo contexto dado por los efectos de la COVID–19, se formulan reflexiones sobre las políticas públicas y los lineamientos que deberían nutrir las mismas. Se postula como clave la necesidad de un enfoque basado en el rescate de las estructuras de organización social y urbana orientadas estratégicamente. De manera simultánea, se analizan la correspondencia de este contexto de pandemia con la situación de las ciudades y los desafíos a los que la expone. Se parte de reconocer la dinámica socioeconómica y la alta interdependencia de los territorios urbanos, lo cual los expone a la actual situación de vulnerabilidad. Se recogen algunos de los tópicos vertidos en los debates suscitados en estos días para resituarlos problemáticamente: la cuestión de la densidad, el vacío del espacio público y la insuficiencia del espacio privado, entre otros. Densidades distribuidas, flexibilidades diseñadas y riesgos modulados, se postulan como estrategias urbanas en este contexto, intentando recoger las primeras reacciones en un conjunto de acciones orientadas estratégicamente. Todo ello en el marco de la problemática de los gobiernos locales, proponiendo los enfoques y lineamientos consecuentes para abordar los planes y proyectos de ciudad.; Based on reflections on the new context generated by COVID–19, this article considers public policies and establishes their possible guidelines. In this field, a strategic approach to social and urban organizational structures is essential. Afterwards, the correspondence of this pandemic context with the urban situation and their challenges is analyzed. The socio–economic dynamics and the high interdependence of urban territories expose them to the current vulnerability. Some of the topics raised in recent debates are problematized: the density question, the public space vacuum and the insufficiency of private space, among others. Distributed densities, designed flexibilities and modulated risks are postulated as urban strategies in this context, trying to gather the first reactions in a set of strategically oriented actions. All reflection is framed according to the problems of local government, proposing approaches and consistent guidelines to address urban plans and projects.

Mujeres en el trabajo municipal: las mucamas del Hospital Ramón Santamarina de Tandil y la demanda por su carrera laboral (1999- 2004); Women and municipal work: Maids of the Ramón Santamarina Hospital of Tandil, and the demand for their career (1999-2004) Minardo, Maria Florencia La demanda por la carrera laboral de las mucamas del Hospital municipal Ramón Santamarina de la ciudad de Tandil, reclamo que se extendió entre los años 1999 y 2004, es analizada en este trabajo, aproximación que busca indagar sobre las características de la organización del trabajo de este agrupamiento laboral que se encuadra en el sector de servicios del empleo público municipal. Este trabajo muestra cómo a partir de este reclamo gremial, las trabajadoras lograron, aunque sin proponérselo explícitamente, contestar o poner en tensión las definiciones estatales que entienden a estos trabajos como “no calificados”, noción que redunda en la desvalorización social y económica de las tareas de las mucamas en este espacio de trabajo altamente profesionalizado y jerárquico. El presente análisis se funda en cuatro entrevistas realizadas a trabajadoras mucamas, dirigentes sindicales y a la delegada de las mucamas en aquel contexto, como así también en documentos sindicales, como el mensuario del Sindicato de Municipales, y estatales como decretos del Poder Ejecutivo local, ordenanzas del Concejo Deliberante de la ciudad de Tandil y material del curso de formación profesional para mucama/ o para establecimientos de salud aprobado por la Dirección General de Cultura y Educación de la Provincia de Buenos en el año 2009.; The demand for the career of the maids at the Ramón Santamarina Municipal Hospital in the city of Tandil, a claim that lasted between 1999 and 2004, is analyzed in this work, an approach that seeks to investigate the characteristics of the organization of the work of This labor group that falls within the municipal public employment services sector. This work shows how, based on this union claim, the workers managed, although without explicitly proposing it, to answer or stress the state definitions that understand these jobs as "unskilled", a notion that results in the social and economic devaluation of the Maids tasks in this highly professional and hierarchical workspace. This analysis is based on four interviews with maid workers, union leaders and the maid delegate in that context, as well as union documents, such as the monthly from the Municipal Union, and state documents such as decrees of the local Executive Power, ordinances Deliberative Council of the city of Tandil and material of the professional training course for maid / or for health facilities approved by the General Directorate of Culture and Education of the Province of Buenos in 2009.

Catálogo comentado de los materiales tipo de los vertebrados de la Colección Paleontológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina; Annotated catalog of vertebrate type specimens in the Paleontological Collection of Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina; Catálogo comentado dos materiais tipo dos vertebrados da Coleção Paleontológica da Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais da Universidade Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina Montalvo, Claudia I.; Kihn, Romina Gisela; Cerdeño Serrano, Maria Esperanza La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina, custodia una importante colección paleontológica iniciada en el año 1987, cuyo acrónimo es GHUNLPam. En la actualidad, contiene alrededor de 35.000 especímenes de invertebrados, vertebrados, plantas, icnofósiles y palinomorfos, que provienen principalmente de diferentes niveles fosilíferos de la provincia de La Pampa. Se presenta un catálogo del material tipo de la colección de vertebrados, correspondiente en su mayoría a mamíferos del Mioceno tardío de esta provincia. Incluye los holotipos de 15 especies publicados hasta fin del año 2019, siendo cuatro de ellas las especies tipo de los géneros correspondientes. Para cada taxón, se proporciona la información taxonómica actualizada, las sinonimias, la diagnosis original, enmendada o ampliada, según el caso (traducida al español si se publicó originalmente en otro idioma), la localidad tipo, la procedencia geográfica y estratigráfica, y la derivación del nombre del taxón. Finalmente, en algunos casos, se incluyen comentarios taxonómicos adicionales y materiales asignados en la publicación original.; Since 1987, the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales of Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina, holds an important paleontological collection whose acronym is GHUNLPam. Currently, it contains about 35,000 specimens of invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, ichnofossils and palynomorphs, mainly from different fossiliferous levels of La Pampa Province. Here we present a catalog of the vertebrate type materials, largely corresponding to late Miocene mammals from this province. It includes the holotypes of 15 species published until the end of 2019; four of them are the type species for their corresponding genera. For each taxon, we provide updated taxonomy as well as synonyms, original or modified diagnosis (translated into Spanish if needed), type locality, geographic and stratigraphic provenance, and derivation of the name. Finally, in several cases we provide some taxonomic comments and list the specimens assigned in the original publication.; A Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais da Universidade Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina, abriga uma importante coleção paleontológica iniciada em 1987, cujo acrônimo é GHUNLPam. Atualmente, contém cerca de 35.000 espécimes de invertebrados, vertebrados, plantas, icnofósseis e palinomorfos, que provêm principalmente de diferentes níveis fossilíferos da província de La Pampa. Apresenta-se um catálogo do material tipo da coleção de vertebrados, correspondendo em sua maioria a mamíferos do Mioceno tardio desta província. Inclui os holótipos de 15 espécies publicadas até o final de 2019, sendo quatro delas as espécies tipo dos gêneros correspondentes. Para cada táxon, provê-se a informação taxonômica atualizada, as sinonímias, a diagnose original, emendada ou ampliada, conforme o caso (traduzida para o espanhol se foi publicada originalmente em outro idioma), a localidade tipo, a procedência geográfica e estratigráfica, e a derivação do nome do táxon. Finalmente, em alguns casos, são incluídos comentários taxonômicos adicionais e materiais assignados na publicação original.

La Mesa Intersindical de Tandil (2016-2019): unidad sindical frente a la restauración neoliberal en ciudades medias de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; The Inter Trade Union of Tandil (2016-2019): union unity against neoliberal restoration in mediumsized cities in the Province of Buenos Aires Adamini, Marina Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de organización intersindical que se desarrolló en diferentes ciudades medias de Argentina como forma de respuesta a las medidas de ajuste neoliberal aplicadas por el gobierno de Mauricio Macri. Partimos de observar cómo ante un contexto de cierre de empresas, aumento del desempleo, inflación y depreciación salarial, los sindicatos locales de diferentes sectores productivos y con diversas pertenencias políticas se articularon institucionalmente para debatir problemáticas comunes y desarrollar medidas de lucha conjuntas. El análisis de este fenómeno lo realizamos a partir del caso de la Mesa Intersindical de Tandil (MIT), que surgió en 2016 articulando alrededor de 20 sindicatos de diferentes sectores productivos, pertenecientes a la Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) y la Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina (CTA). Buscamos identificar los rasgos comunitarios de este proceso de organización, a la luz de las particularidades que asume la sociabilidad laboral y gremial en el contexto local de una ciudad media como Tandil. Abordamos sus formas de organización, demandas y repertorios de acción, en su proceso de conformación y transformación entre 2016-2019. En términos metodológicos cualitativos, desarrollamos un análisis documental de fuentes periodísticas locales, comunicados de la MIT, y entrevistas a sus principales referentes.; This article analyzes the phenomenon of inter-union organization that developed in different middle cities of Argentina as a way of responding to the neoliberal adjustment measures applied by the Mauricio Macri government. We started by observing how, in a context of business closure, increased of unemployment, inflation and wage depreciation, local trade unions of different productive sectors and political belongings articulated institutionally to discuss common problems and develop control measures joint. The analysis of this experience was carried out based on the case of the Inter Trade Union of Tandil, which emerged in 2016, articulating around 20 trade unions from different productive sectors, belonging to the Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) and Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina (CTA). We seek to identify the community aspects of this informal trade union organization process, in the light of the particularities that sociability assumes in the local context of a middle city like Tandil. We analyzed their forms of organization, demands and repertoires of action, in their process of conformation and transformation between 2016-2019. In qualitative methodological terms, we developed a documentary analysis of local journalistic sources, releases, and interviews with their main referents.

Immunity and health of two wild marine fishes naturally exposed to anthropogenic pollution Sueiro, Maria Cruz; Awruch, Cynthia Andrea; Gilardoni, Carmen Mariangel; Demetrio, Muriel; Palacios, María Gabriela There are increasing global concerns of the alarming pollution impacts on marine life, thus it is becoming essential to generate reliable tools to monitor and understand the effects of these impacts on aquatic organisms. We performed a field study assessing how exposure to anthropogenic pollution impacts immunological and health-state parameters and parasite infection of a wild marine fish, the Brazilian sandperch Pinguipes brasilianus. Then we compared this information to previously published data of a sympatric species, the Patagonian rockfish Sebastes oculatus inhabiting the same polluted and pristine areas. The field study revealed that exposed P. brasilianus showed chronic stress, poor immune condition and higher prevalence and abundance of acanthocephalan parasites. By comparing these former results with already published in S. oculatus, we concluded that, although both species exhibited physiological alterations associate to inhabiting sites exposed to pollution, their specific immunological and health-state responses differed. Our results demonstrate that Patagonian reef-fish assemblages inhabiting sites exposed to pollutant are being affected in their immune and heath condition, which could potentially result in higher susceptibility to disease and in turn population decline. These findings highlight the necessity of more studies incorporating interspecific comparisons to assess variation in fish susceptibility in an ecoimmunotoxicological context and get a more profound understanding of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife.

Urban populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Central Argentina: Dispersal patterns assessed by bayesian and multivariate methods Ayala, Ana Maria; Vera, Noelia Soledad; Chiappero, Marina Beatriz; Almiron, Walter Ricardo; Gardenal, Cristina Noemí Aedes aegypti (L.), the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, was declared eradicated from Argentinain 1964; however, in 1987, it was detected again and nowadays it occurs in most of the country territory. Tounderstand the transmission of vector-borne diseases, knowledge of the dispersal of vector populations isessential to evaluate the risk of pathogen transmission. We conducted a population genetic analysis of Ae.aegypti in 20 neighborhoods from C¨®rdoba, the second largest city in Argentina, using 10 microsatellite loci.High genetic differentiation and the absence of an isolation by distance pattern was found using Weir andCockerham¡¯s ¦È. Bayesian and multivariate clustering analyses showed that the studied sites included individualswith high membership coefficients (Q) in their populations, individuals with membership in anothercluster, and admixed individuals. Individuals with high Q in clusters different from the population in whichthey were collected strongly suggests that passive transport is important in shaping the Ae. aegypti dispersalpattern in Córdoba city. Knowing the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations and their dispersal patternswould contribute to the implementation of vector control programs.

A lateral flow immunoassay based on colored latex particles for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis Garcia, Valeria Soledad; Guerrero, Sergio Adrian; Gugliotta, Luis Marcelino; González, Verónica Doris Guadalupe Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the major source of human visceral leishmaniasis. To control the spread of this disease, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is critical but challenging. The serological diagnosis of CVL remains problematic because there are no reliable commercially available tests. Most laboratories use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. These tests use Leishmania chagasi recombinant antigens K39 or K26 assembled with either gold-labelled Staphylococcus aureus protein A or protein G from Streptococcus pyogenes. In this work, we propose the development, optimization and standardization of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on functionalized colored particles and a specific recombinant antigen, as a visual in situ method for the diagnosis of CVL. The following analysis variables were considered: i) the concentration of the latex-protein complex; ii) the dilution of the serum; iii) the composition of the employed buffers; iv) the nominal capillary flow time through the nitrocellulose membrane; v) the concentration of reagents fixed in the test and control lines; vi) the particle size of the colored latex; and vii) the conjugation method. Then, the obtained strips were evaluated as a visual diagnostic tool based on a panel of positive and negative sera. It was observed that because of its simplicity and performance the LFIA test is a quick and reliable alternative for the diagnosis of CVL either in conventional laboratories or for remote areas where laboratories are not readily accessible for conventional assays.

Vínculos y redes sociales en torno a colecciones de museos. Las colecciones arqueológicas del Museo Histórico del Norte (Salta), hacia mediados del siglo XX; Links and social networks regarding museum collections. The archaeological collections of the Museo Histórico del Norte (Salta), towards the mid-20th century Castellanos, María Cecilia; Mamani, Elsa Mabel; Rueda, Facundo; Rodríguez, Mónica; Lavilla, Florencia El artículo aborda la conformación de la colección arqueológica del Museo Histórico del Norte (Provincia de Salta), para lo cual se reseña el contexto social y político, nacional y local, bajo el cual se crea el Museo y se hace referencia a las formas de adquisición de la colección durante los momentos iniciales de la institución. Los trabajos realizados sobre la colección arqueológica aportaron información que permitió indagar en problemáticas relacionadas con las redes sociales que se establecieron entre el Museo, benefactores o donantes de piezas arqueológicas y otras instituciones durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. El cruce de diferentes fuentes generó también ideas para pensar los procesos de institucionalización de la práctica arqueológica en la provincia y el papel que pudieron haber tenido las colecciones arqueológicas; This work analyzes the conformation of the archaeological collection of the “Museo Histórico del Norte” (Salta province). For this goal, the creation of the museum is reviewed in terms of the social and political context of the time at both local and national scales. The manner of acquisition of the collections during the initial moments of the institution is also referenced. The studies carried out on this archaeological collection provided information that allowed us to preliminary define the social networks that were established between the museum, benefactors or donors of archaeological items and other institutions during the first half of the 20th century. Cross-referencing different documentary sources also generated ideas to analyze the processes of institutionalization of archaeological practice in Salta and the role that could have been played by archaeological collections

Drivers of global Scolytinae invasion patterns Lantschner, María Victoria; Corley, Juan Carlos; Liebhold, Andrew M. Biological invasions are affected by characteristics of invading species, strength of pathway connectivity among world regions and habitat characteristics of invaded regions. These factors may interact in complex ways to drive geographical variation in numbers of invasions among world regions. Understanding the role of these drivers provides information that is crucial to the development of effective biosecurity policies. Here we assemble for the first time a global database of historical invasions of Scolytinae species and explore factors explaining geographical variation in numbers of species invading different regions. This insect group includes several pest species with massive economic and ecological impacts and these beetles are known to be accidentally moved with wood packaging in global trade. Candidate explanatory characteristics included in this analysis are cumulative trade among world regions, size of source species pools, forest area, and climatic similarity of the invaded region with source regions. Species capable of sib‐mating comprised the highest proportion on nonnative Scolytines, and these species colonized a higher number of regions than outbreeders. The size of source species pools offered little power in explaining variation in numbers of invasions among world regions nor did climate or forest area. In contrast, cumulative trade had a strong and consistent positive relationship with numbers of Scolytinae species moving from one region to another, and this effect was highest for bark beetles, followed by ambrosia beetles, and was low for seed and twig feeders. We conclude that global variation in Scolytine invasions is primarily driven by variation in trade levels among world regions. Results stress the importance of global trade as the primary driver of historical Scolytinae invasions and we anticipate other hitchhiking species would exhibit similar patterns. One implication of these results is that invasions between certain world regions may be historically low because of past low levels of trade but future economic shifts could result in large numbers of new invasions as a result of increased trade among previously isolated portions of the world. With changing global flow of goods among world regions, it is crucial that biosecurity efforts keep pace to minimize future invasions and their impacts.

Trabajo, género y desigualdades en la economía popular. Una mirada sobre la situación de los vendedores/as callejeros en tiempos de pandemia; Work, gender and inequalities in the popular economy. A look at the situation of street vendors in times of pandemic; Trabalho, género e desigualdades na economia popular. Umolhar sobre a situação dos vendedores ambulantes em tempos de pandemia Hopp, Malena Victoria; Maldovan Bonelli, Johanna; Frega, Mariana Gabriela; Trajtember, Agustina Las medidas de Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio, decretadas el 20 de marzo del 2020 en la Argentina a causa del avance de la pandemia del COVID-19, han puesto en evidencia las profundas desigualdades en el mundo del trabajo y en las condiciones de vida de los distintos sectores de la sociedad. En este contexto, los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de la economía popular han sido fuertemente afectados: la inmensa mayoría viven al día con ingresos de subsistencia y se encuentran por fuera de los dispositivos formales de protección social.En este artículo nos proponemos abordar la particular situación en la que se encuentran los/as vendedores/as callejeros/as de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, considerando dos dimensiones que permiten comprender las condiciones de (re)producción y profundización de las desigualdades en tiempos de crisis: el género y el acceso a las políticas públicas. El análisis muestra que, frente al escenario actual y futuro, se requiere un cambio en la orientación de las acciones estatales que gire desde la lógica asistencial hacia el reconocimiento del valor económico, social y cultural del trabajo que aportan los/as trabajadores/as de la economía popular y contemplando sus problemáticas de manera integral con perspectiva de género.

In Silico Analysis of Sea Urchin Pigments as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against SARS-CoV-2: Main Protease (Mpro) as a Target Rubilar Panasiuk, Cynthia Tamara; Barbieri, Elena Susana; Gázquez, Ayelén; Avaro, Marisa; Vera Piombo, Mercedes; Gittardi Calderón, Agustín Adolfo; Seiler, Erina Noé; Fernandez, Jimena Pía; Sepúlveda, Lucas Roberto; Chaar, Florencia The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has spread rapidly and globally generating a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since December 2019 that turned into a pandemic. Effective drugs are urgently needed and drug repurposing strategies offer a promising alternative to dramatically shorten the process of traditional de novo development. Based on their antiviral uses, the potential affinity of sea urchin pigments to bind main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in silico. Docking analysis was used to test the potential of these sea urchin pigments as therapeutic and antiviral agents. All pigment compounds presented high molecular affinity to Mpro protein. However, the 1,4-naphtoquinones polihydroxilate (Spinochrome A and Echinochrome A) showed high affinity to bind around the Mpro´s pocket target by interfering with proper folding of the protein mainly through an H-bond with Glu166 residue. This interaction represents a potential blockage of this protease´s activity. All these results provide novel information regarding the uses of sea urchin pigments as antiviral drugs and suggest the need for further in vitro and in vivo analysis to expand all therapeutic uses against SARS-CoV-2.

Durable performance of recycled aggregate concrete in aggressive environments Zega, Claudio Javier; Santillan, Lautaro Rodolfo; Sosa, Maria Eva; Villagrán Zaccardi, Yury Andrés Recycled aggregate concrete is an eco-friendly material that is increasingly being used in new constructions. Nowadays, this application is mainly limited by user?s lack of confidence, as coarse recycled aggregate (CRA) is usually more porous, i.e., it has a higher water absorption, than coarse natural aggregate. This difference is a primary concern for practitioners when they have to comply with durability requirements. Although some uncertainties remain in this regard, significant progress has been made in the last few years concerning the assessment of durable recycled aggregate concrete. This paper reviews this topic and includes aspects related to chloride penetration, sulfate attack, freezing and thawing, high temperature, and alkali-silica reaction. Generally, although there are some particularities related to each type of attack, the high porosity of CRA is compensated by other features, such as different texture, increased mechanical compatibility with the matrix, or content of hydration products. Experimental results in the literature show that there are no reasons to consider that durable, sustainable structures cannot be built with recycled aggregate concrete.

Manuel Costa-Iscar y el anarquismo individualista en Buenos Aires; Manuel Costa-Iscar and individualist anarchism in Buenos Aires Stavisky, Sebastián El artículo analiza el modo de practicar y difundir el anarquismo individualista por parte de Manuel Costa-Iscar, militante español que arriba a Buenos Aires en los primeros años de la década del 20. El trabajo tiene un doble propósito: avanzar en la lectura y análisis del corpus textual del autor asumiendo como perspectiva los aportes de Foucault acerca de las tecnologías del yo; discutir con ciertos modos cristalizados por la historiografía en la consideración del anarquismo individualista en Argentina.; The article analyzes the way of practicing and spreading the individualist anarchism by Manuel Costa-Iscar, a Spanish activist who arrive to Buenos Aires in the early years of the 1920s. The work has a double purpose: to advance in the reading and analysis of the textual corpus of the author, assuming as perspective the Foucault’s contributions about the technologies of the self; to discuss with certain crystallized ways in which the historiography considers individualist anarchism in Argentina.