Las tres funciones del discurso; The three functions of discourse Damiani, Alberto Mario El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar la conexión entre acción y discurso en el marco de la ética del discurso. El trabajo comienza con un análisis de la diferencia entre acción y acto. Luego son presentadas tres funciones del discurso: resolver pretensiones de validez, coordinar interacciones sociales y determinar el sentido de las actividades humanas.; The aim of this paper is to explain the connection between action and discourse in the frame of discourse ethics. The paper begins with an analysis of the difference between action and act. After that, three function of discourse are presented: to resolve validity claims, to coordinate social interactions and to determinate the sense of human activities.

Symbol digit modalities test-oral version: an analysis of culture influence on a processing speed test in Argentina, Mexico, and the USA Eizaguirre, María Bárbara; Vanotti, Sandra; Aguayo Arelis, Adriana; Rabago Barajas, Brenda; Cores, Evangelina Valeria; Macías, Miguel Angel; Benedict, Ralph H. B.; Cáceres, Fernando The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is an information processing speed test. The aim of this study was to compare the SDMT across three samples: the USA, Mexico, and Argentina. The hypothesis is that performance will vary based on native language and cultural differences between these countries. The SDMT was administered to 129 healthy volunteers. Participants from the USA performed better than participants from Argentina and Mexico (p < .01), and no differences were observed between the latter groups (p = .15). Processing speed differs between the studied populations of Latin America and Anglo-America. Possible interpretations of this result are presented.

Viscisitudes y ambigüedades del concepto “extractivismo”: Una revisión necesaria Galafassi, Guido Pascual Al así llamado "extractivismo" se lo presenta como pareciendo haber surgido con la fuerza de explicar el núcleo duro de la cuestión. Ha entrado en escena superando las disquisiciones previas que remitían fundamentalmente la problemática soico-ambiental y territorial a desajustes de planificación, organización o hasta de conductas individuales para poner en elcentro de la escena al modelo de desarrollo y de acumulación, y sus injusticias geopolíticas, o por lo menos a ciertos aspectos de estos como la fuente primordial a partir de donde poder entender algunos aspectos de la crisis del presente. El discurso actual, olvida muy pícaramente que previo al concepto de extractivismo, los pensamientos más lúcidos y críticos ya habían puesto sobre el tapete, desde por lo menos los años ´50 del siglo XX, la centralidad de este problema en el marco de las discusiones entre capitalismo y socialismo, fuertemente enriquecidas por la entrada en escena de todos los ecologismos críticos de aquellos años, en donde las nociones de complejidad y totalidad tenína una interesante cabida. Valga como el ya clásico, aunque olvidado "Modelo Mundial Latinoamericano".

El gran miedo de 1919 a escala global: la semana trágica argentina y los archivos norteamericanos; The great fear of 1919 on a global scale: Argentina’s tragic week and the North American archives Lvovich, Abraham Daniel En este artículo inscribimos los sucesos de la Semana Trágica de 1919 en una perspectiva trasnacional, al considerar los modos en que la diplomacia y los servicios de inteligencia norteamericanos la analizaron e interpretaron y vincularla con un conjunto de eventos y procesos coetáneos. De tal modo, articulamos la interpretación de la Semana Trágica como resultado de un Gran Miedo de las élites argentinas y sudamericanas con una consideración a una escala mayor acerca de los modos en que el miedo a la revolución impactaba en las conductas e interpretaciones de actores políticos relevantes de los Estados Unidos. Basamos nuestro estudio en un conjunto de informes diplomáticos y de inteligencia de los Estados Unidos que relevamos en los National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) y en el Fondo Presidente Woodrow Wilson de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos.; In this article we inscribe the events of the Tragic Week of 1919 in a transnational perspective, considering the ways in which U.S. diplomacy and intelligence services analyzed and interpreted it and linked it to a set of contemporary events and processes. Thus, we articulated the interpretation of Tragic Week as the result of a Great Fear of Argentine and South American elites with a consideration on a larger scale of the ways in which the fear of revolution impacted the behaviors and interpretations of relevant U.S. political actors. We based our study on a set of U.S. diplomatic and intelligence reports that we relied on in the National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) and the U.S. Library of Congress’ Woodrow Wilson President’s Fund.

El Gritazo: análisis de una manifestación de niños y niñas por su derecho a trabajar y a participar; El Gritazo: analysis of a children’s demonstration for their right to work and participate in Buenos Aires Morales, Santiago Joaquín; Shabel, Paula Nurit La niñez ha sido históricamente marginalizada de la esfera política y económica con la justificación de ser una etapa de la vida en desarrollo, aún no preparada para tomar decisiones y afrontar responsabilidades. Sin embargo, muchas niñas, niños, familias y organizaciones disputan esa imagen de infancia desde sus prácticas cotidianas. A partir del estudio etnográfico del Gritazo, una manifestación realizada por organizaciones de niñas y niños en Buenos Aires en 2017, analizaremos las nociones de trabajo y participación que ponen en juego las personas adultas y niñas, tanto al momento de presentarse en el espacio público como en la privacidad de las actividades previas.; Childhood has been historically marginalized from the political and economic sphere with the justification of being a stage of life in development, not yet prepared to make decisions and face responsibilities. However, many children, families and organizations dispute this image of childhood from their daily practices. Based on the ethnographic study of el Gritazo, a demonstration carried out by children’s organizations in Buenos Aires in 2017, we will analyze the notions of labor and participation that put children and adults into play, both at the moment of presenting themselves in the public space and in the privacy of the previous activities.

Interactomic analysis of the sHSP family during tomato fruit ripening Arce, Debora Pamela; De Las Rivas, Javier; Pratta, Guillermo Raúl Sstochastic mall Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) are chaperones related to abiotic stress response and development that have been characterized in different organisms. In plants, evolutionary relationships, differential gene expression and HSE-dependent gene regulation of tomato sHSP family was described by different groups in an exploratory approach. This work enhances a bioinformatic and inferential approach based on PPI network building using previously reported transcriptomic and proteomic curated datasets. We were able to identify the already described core set of eight sHSPs showing different subcellular localization. Additionally, new putative sHSP-protein interactors during fruit ripening were defined. Between them, HSP70 members, chaperones (DnaK, DnaJ), GST and Universal Stress Protein are the main proteins associated to biological processes involved in response to heat, abiotic stress, protein folding and development. Finally, protein expression of these interactors depends on the presence of HSE and CTAGA-motifs in their gene promoter regions, suggesting Hsf-dependent regulation. Our inferential and integrative bioinformatic approach led us to identify new possible biological roles for subsets of genes/proteins in a system biology point of view, during tomato fruit ripening.

A mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tet(S/M) detected in an MDR pneumococcal CC230 lineage that underwent capsular switching in South Africa Lo, Stephanie W.; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; van Tonder, Andries; du Plessis, Mignon; Cornick, Jennifer; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Madhi, Shabir A.; Nzenze, Susan A.; Kandasamy, Rama; Ravikumar, K.L.; Elmdaghri, Naima; Kwambana Adams, Brenda; Grassi Almeida, Samanta Cristine; Skoczynska, Anna; Egorova, Ekaterina; Titov, Leonid; Saha, Samir K.; Paragi, Metka; Everett, Dean B; Antonio, Martin; Klugman, Keith P.; Li, Yuan; Metcalf, Benjamin J; Beall, Bernard; McGee, Lesley; Breiman, Robert F.; Bentley, Stephen D; von Gottberg, Anne; Brooks, Abdullah W.; Corso, Alejandra; Faccone, Diego Francisco Objectives: We reported tet(S/M) in Streptococcus pneumoniae and investigated its temporal spread in relation to nationwide clinical interventions. Methods: We whole-genome sequenced 12 254 pneumococcal isolates from 29 countries on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Serotype, multilocus ST and antibiotic resistance were inferred from genomes. An SNP tree was built using Gubbins. Temporal spread was reconstructed using a birth-death model. Results: We identified tet(S/M) in 131 pneumococcal isolates and none carried other known tet genes. Tetracycline susceptibility testing results were available for 121 tet(S/M)-positive isolates and all were resistant. A majority (74%) of tet(S/M)-positive isolates were from South Africa and caused invasive diseases among young children (59% HIV positive, where HIV status was available). All but two tet(S/M)-positive isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 230. A global phylogeny of CC230 (n=389) revealed that tet(S/M)-positive isolates formed a sublineage predicted to exhibit resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. The birth-death model detected an unrecognized outbreak of this sublineage in South Africa between 2000 and 2004 with expected secondary infections (effective reproductive number, R) of ∼2.5. R declined to ∼1.0 in 2005 and <1.0 in 2012. The declining epidemic could be related to improved access to ART in 2004 and introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2009. Capsular switching from vaccine serotype 14 to non-vaccine serotype 23A was observed within the sublineage. Conclusions: The prevalence of tet(S/M) in pneumococci was low and its dissemination was due to an unrecognized outbreak of CC230 in South Africa. Capsular switching in this MDR sublineage highlighted its potential to continue to cause disease in the post-PCV13 era.

Perspectivas y expectativas docentes sobre las prácticas lectoras de estudiantes del primer año de Psicología; Teaching perspectives and expectations on the reading practices of students of the first year of Psychology; Perspectivas e expectativas de ensino sobre as práticas de leitura de estudantes do primeiro ano de Psicologia Villalonga Penna, María Micaela La lectura en la universidad en el área de las ciencias sociales implica trabajar con múltiples fuentes textuales y discursivas. Muchas veces los docentes pueden esperar que los estudiantes se comporten como lectores autónomos y que sepan de antemano cómo leer en un área específica. En este sentido, en este trabajo se abordan las perspectivas y expectativas de los docentes acerca de las prácticas lectoras de los alumnos de Psicología de una universidad de gestión estatal. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo en el cual se entrevista a 30 docentes del primer año de la carrera de Psicología. Las entrevistas se analizan a la luz de categorías que se desprenden del marco teórico y se consideran las emergentes también. Los resultados dan a conocer que las perspectivas de la gran mayoría de los docentes sobre la lectura de los aprendientes se centran en las dificultades y que, pocas perspectivas docentes, acentúan las fortalezas y la autocrítica con las prácticas de enseñanza. Además, estas perspectivas se relacionan con las prácticas lectoras esperadas por los docentes. Aquellos docentes que subrayan dificultades, declaran propiciar prácticas lectoras monológicas y esperan que los estudiantes lean de este modo. Los que reconocen potencialidades y dificultades en sus alumnos al leer, declaran posibilitar prácticas dialógicas y esperan que los alumnos puedan leer de forma conjunta con ellos. Las perspectivas lectoras llevan a desplegar prácticas lectoras que pueden tender a remediar las dificultades o a constituirse en espacios de construcción de significados compartidos sobre lo que se lee.; Reading in the university in the social sciences area involves working with multiple textual and discursive sources. Many times teachers can expect students to behave as autonomous readers and to know in advance how to read in a specific area. In this sense, this paper addresses teacher ́s perspectives and expectations about student ́s reading practices in Psychology at a state-run university. For this, a qualitative study is carried out in which 30 teachers of the first year of the Psychology degree are interviewed. The interviews are analyzed in light of categories that emerge from the theoretical framework and the emerging ones are considered. Results show that the great majority of teacher ́s perspectives on students reading focus on the difficulties and that a few teacher ́s perspectives focus on strengths and on self-critical view of teaching practices. In addition, these perspectives are related to the reading practices expected by teachers. Those teachers, who highlight difficulties, declare to encourage monological reading practices and expect students to read in this way. Those who recognize potentialities and difficulties in their students as readers declare possible dialogical practices and hope that students can read together with them. Reading perspectives lead teachers to deploy reading practices that may tend to remedy the difficulties or become spaces of construction of shared meanings on what is read.; A leitura na universidade na área de ciências sociais envolve trabalhar com várias fontes textuais e discursivas. Muitas vezes, os professores podem esperar que os alunos se comportem como leitores autônomos e saibam antecipadamente como ler em uma área específica. Nesse sentido, este artigo aborda as perspectivas e expectativas dos professores sobre as práticas de leitura de estudantes de psicologia de uma universidade estatal. Para isso, é realizado um estudo qualita-tivo, no qual são entrevistados 30 professores do primeiro ano do curso de Psicologia. As entrevistas são analisadas à luz de categorias que emergem do referencial teórico e são consideradas emergentes. Os resultados mostram que as pers-pectivas da grande maioria dos professores sobre a leitura dos alunos se concentram em dificuldades e que, poucas pers-pectivas de ensino, acentuam forças e autocrítica nas práticas de ensino. Além disso, essas perspectivas estão relacio-nadas às práticas de leitura esperadas pelos professores. Os professores que enfatizam dificuldades declaram promover práticas de leitura monológica e esperam que os alunos leiam dessa maneira. Aqueles que reconhecem potencialidades e dificuldades de seus alunos ao ler, declaram possíveis práticas dialógicas e esperam que os alunos possam ler junto com eles. As perspectivas de leitura levam os professores a exibir práticas de leitura que tendem a remediar dificuldades ou tornar-se espaços para a construção de significados compartilhados do que é lido.

Paleoneurology, auditory region, and associated soft tissue inference in the late Oligocene notoungulates Mendozahippus fierensis and Gualta cuyana (Toxodontia) from central-western Argentina Martínez, Gastón; Dozo, Maria Teresa; Vera, Bárbara Soledad; Cerdeño Serrano, Maria Esperanza Noninvasive computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques performed on the high-quality preserved holotypes of Mendozahippus fierensis (grouped within the paraphyletic ‘Notohippidae’) and Gualta cuyana (Leontiniidae) allowed a thorough description of both endocasts, not only associated with the brain but also with closely related endocranial spaces, which proved to be highly diagnostic among Notoungulata and relevant from a paleobiological perspective. The specimens come from Quebrada Fiera (Mendoza, Argentina), an upper Oligocene locality extensively studied, especially during the last decade. Regarding brain endocast proportions and neocortical complexity, M. fierensis shows morphological affinities to coeval ‘notohippids,’ whereas G. cuyana resembles Leontinia gaudryi. An acute olfaction is inferred from the large olfactory bulbs and piriform lobes. Conversely, evidence concerning the development (and implications) of some necortical areas (i.e., somatosensory cortex and auditory cortex) were inconclusive. The encephalization quotients are around those previously reported for ‘notohippids’ and Toxodontidae Nesodontinae, and slightly lower than in Typotheria (except for Mesotheriidae). Other endocranial traits previously unexplored (such as the transverse diploic communication between the temporal sinuses in M. fierensis and the large temporal sinuses inferred for G. cuyana) show that there is relevant variability within Toxodontia that deserves further research. Extending similar approaches to early diverging taxa will certainly contribute to a better understanding of the morphological evolution of the brain, special sense organs, and associated blood circulation pattern in toxodontians and notoungulates in general

Trematode parasites associated with amphibians from a rice field in the northeastern Argentina Hamann, Mónika Inés; Gonzalez, Cynthya Elizabeth; Fernández, María Virginia In altered environments, such as agricultural lands, studies of amphibian parasites can provide helpful information about the food web structure, parasite species abundance and composition, and environmental stress. Here, we investigate the parasitic digeneans in three amphibian families (Leptodactylidae, Bufonidae and Hylidae) in a rice field (30 ha) from Corrientes Province, Argentina. A total of 171 amphibian specimens were collected between March 2017 and February 2018. Amphibian trematode parasites in this area included 18 species, with dominance of common species. The trematode fauna was characterized by only one species (Choledocystus vitellinophillum) with high prevalence (>50%). The dominant adult species corresponded to Catadiscus propinquus for most of the hosts (80%), and when only larval trematodes were analysed, the dominant metacercariae in most hosts (60%) were strigeids larvae. Of the total trematode individuals (n = 278), 57% corresponded to metacercariae that complete their life cycles mainly in birds. The amphibians Leptodactylus chaquensis and Lysapsus limellus presented high species richness. This is related to the microhabitats occupied by these hosts as well as with the biology of their parasites. Infection of all the trematode taxa for which larvae and adults were examined occurs through a sequence of trophic relationships. Finally, the results expand the knowledge of the biodiversity and ecology of parasite helminths in amphibians from agricultural landscapes; furthermore, this information is a fundamental baseline to quantify the loss of biodiversity and assess the health of the ecosystem.

Shuttling-based trapped-ion quantum information processing Kaushal, V.; Lekitsch, B.; Stahl, A.; Hilder, J.; Pijn, D.; Schmiegelow, Christian Tomás; Bermudez, A.; Müller, M.; Schmidt-kaler, Ferdinand; Poschinger, U. Moving trapped-ion qubits in a microstructured array of radiofrequency traps offers a route toward realizing scalable quantum processing nodes. Establishing such nodes, providing sufficient functionality to represent a building block for emerging quantum technologies, e.g., a quantum computer or quantum repeater, remains a formidable technological challenge. In this review, the authors present a holistic view on such an architecture, including the relevant components, their characterization, and their impact on the overall system performance. The authors present a hardware architecture based on a uniform linear segmented multilayer trap, controlled by a custom-made fast multichannel arbitrary waveform generator. The latter allows for conducting a set of different ion shuttling operations at sufficient speed and quality. The authors describe the relevant parameters and performance specifications for microstructured ion traps, waveform generators, and additional circuitry, along with suitable measurement schemes to verify the system performance. Furthermore, a set of different basic shuttling operations for a dynamic qubit register reconfiguration is described and characterized in detail.

Monolayer of PtSe2 on Pt(1 1 1): Is it metallic or insulating? Perea Acosta, Jeremias Daniel; Barral, María Andrea; Llois, Ana Maria Motivated by the recent synthesis of a PtSe2 monolayer by direct selenization of a Pt(1 1 1) substrate and in order to reproduce ARPES experimental results, we investigate if the PtSe2 film could have grown directly on top of the Pt substrate or if some buffer structure separates both of them. We calculate the electronic properties for different growth possibilities and come to the conclusion that the experimental outcome is not compatible with the growth of a PtSe2 monolayer directly on top of the Pt(1 1 1) substrate.

Hepatic glycerol metabolism is early reprogrammed in rat liver cancer development Lorenzetti, Florencia; Capiglioni, Alejo Matías; Marinelli, Raul Alberto; Carrillo, Maria Cristina; Alvarez, María de Luján Evidence shows that oral glycerol supplementation during the early stages of rat liver cancer reduces the growth of preneoplastic lesions. Besides, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells display decreased expression of glycerol channel aquaporin 9 (AQP9) and also diminished glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) content. According to this, we analyzed glycerol metabolism during the initial stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Wistar rats were subjected to a 2-phase model of hepatocarcinogenesis (initiated-promoted, IP group) or left untreated (control, C group). Different features of glycerol metabolism were compared between both groups. IP animals showed increased plasma free glycerol levels and liver AQP9 protein expression. Also, IP rats showed increased glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) hepatic activities. Gluconeogenesis from glycerol both in vivo and in isolated perfused liver was higher in rats having liver preneoplasia. Nevertheless, preneoplastic foci notably reduced AQP9 and GK protein expressions, displaying a reduced ability to import glycerol and to convert it into G3P, as a way to preserve preneoplastic hepatocytes from the deleterious effect of G3P. In conclusion, the metabolic shift that takes place in the initial stages of liver cancer development comprises an increased hepatic utilization of glycerol for gluconeogenesis. Enhanced glucose production from glycerol is mostly carried out by the surrounding non-preneoplastic tissue and can be used as an energy source for the early transformed liver cells.

Induced systemic resistance -like responses elicited by rhizobia Tonelli, Maria Laura; Figueredo, María Soledad; Rodríguez, Johan; Fabra, Adriana Isidora; Ibañez, Fernando Julio Rhizobia are soil bacteria that engage into a mutualistic symbiosis with plants and benefit the host by fixing atmospheric N. In addition, rhizobia can be considered as biocontrol agents, contributing to plant health through direct inhibition of a wide range of pathogens. More recently, it became evident that rhizobial invasion of plant roots can also trigger an increased systemic resistance state in the host, a process resembling the Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) mechanism. However, this indirect biocontrol property of rhizobia was relatively less explored. Scope: In this review article, we present an overview of the current knowledge of ISR -like responses induced by rhizobia, considering general characteristics of this phenomenon, discussing the molecular pathways leading to this response and highlighting potential links between ISR -like responses and the nodulation signaling pathway. Conclusions: A more detailed knowledge of these responses can result in development of biotechnological tools for sustainable crop production, through optimization of the systemic protective effect conferred by rhizobia.

Role of inflammasome activation in tumor immunity triggered by immune checkpoint blockers Segovia, Alcira Mercedes; Russo, Sofia; Girotti, Maria Romina; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Hill, Marcelo Immune checkpoint blockers improve the overall survival of a limitednumber of patients among different cancers. Identifying pathways thatinfluence the immunological and clinical response to treatment is criticalto improve the therapeutic efficacy and predict clinical responses. Recently,a key role has been assigned to innate immune mechanisms in checkpointblockade-driven anti-tumor responses. However, inflammatory pathwayscan both improve and impair anti-tumor immunity. In this review, wediscuss how different inflammatory pathways, particularly inflammasomeactivation, can influence the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockers.Inflammasome activation may reinforce anti-tumor immunity by boostingCD8+ T cell priming as well as by enhancing T helper type 17 (Th17)responses. In particular, we focus on the modulation of the cation channeltransmembrane protein 176B (TMEM176B) and the ectonucleotidase CD39as potential targets to unleash inflammasome activation leading to reinforcedanti-tumor immunity and improved efficacy of immune checkpointblockers. Future studies should be aimed at investigating the mechanismsand cell subsets involved in inflammasome-driven anti-tumor responses.

Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity Lamberti, María Julia; Nigro, Annunziata; Mentucci, Fátima María; Rumie Vittar, Natalia Belen; Casolaro, Vincenzo; Dal Col, Jessica The safety and feasibility of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies in cancer management have been well documented after more than twenty-five years of experimentation, and, by now, undeniably accepted. On the other hand, it is equally evident that DC-based vaccination as monotherapy did not achieve the clinical benefits that were predicted in a number of promising preclinical studies. The current availability of several immune modulatory and targeting approaches opens the way to many potential therapeutic combinations. In particular, the evidence that the immune-related effects that are elicited by immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing therapies are strictly associated with DC engagement and activation strongly support the combination of ICD-inducing and DC-based immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the data in recent studies employing tumor cells, killed through ICD induction, in the formulation of anticancer DC-based vaccines. In addition, we discuss the opportunity to combine pharmacologic or physical therapeutic approaches that can promote ICD in vivo with in situ DC vaccination.

Fat tails and black swans: Exact results for multiplicative processes with resets Zanette, Damian Horacio; Manrubia, S. We consider a class of multiplicative processes which, added with stochastic reset events, give origin to stationary distributions with power-law tails?ubiquitous in the statistics of social, economic, and ecological systems. Our main goal is to provide a series of exact results on the dynamics and asymptotic behavior of increasingly complex versions of a basic multiplicative process with resets, including discrete and continuous-time variants and several degrees of randomness in the parameters that control the process. In particular, we show how the power-law distributions are built up as time elapses, how their moments behave with time, and how their stationary profiles become quantitatively determined by those parameters. Our discussion emphasizes the connection with financial systems, but these stochastic processes are also expected to be fruitful in modeling a wide variety of social and biological phenomena.

Large non-radial propagation of a coronal mass ejection on 2011 January 24 Cécere, Mariana Andrea; Sieyra, María Valeria; Cremades Fernandez, Maria Hebe; Mierla, M.; Sahade, Abril; Stenborg, G.; Costa, A.; West, M. J.; D'Huys, E. Understanding the deflection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is of great interest to the space weather community because of their implications for improving the prediction of CME. This paper aims to shed light into the effects of the coronal magnetic field environment on CME trajectories. We analyze the influence of the magnetic environment on the early development of a particular CME event. On 2011 January 24 an eruptive filament was ejected in association with a CME that suffered a large deflection from its source region and expected trajectory. We characterize the 3D evolution of the prominence material using the tie-pointing/triangulation reconstruction technique on EUV and white-light images. To estimate the coordinates in 3D space of the apex of the CME we use a forward-modeling technique that reproduces the large-scale structure of the flux rope-like CME, the Graduated Cylindrical Shell model. We found that the deflection amounts to 42° in latitude and 20° in longitude and that most of it occurs at altitudes below 4R⊙. Moreover, we found a non-negligible deflection at higher altitudes. Combining images of different wavelengths with the extrapolated magnetic field obtained from a potential field source surface model we confirm the presence of two magnetic structures near the erupting event. The magnetic field environment suggests that field lines from the southern coronal hole act as a magnetic wall that produces the large latitudinal deflection; while a nearby pseudostreamer and a northward extension of the southern coronal hole may be responsible for the eastward deflection of the CME.

Losartán y metformina previenen alteraciones en el tejido adiposo perivascular y en la liberación de prostanoides del lecho vascular mesentérico producidas por una dieta alta en grasa y sobrecarga de fructosa en ratas; Losartan and Metformin Prevent Abnormalities in Perivascular Adipose Tissue and in Mesenteric Vascular Bed Prostanoid Release Induced by High-fat High-fructose Diet in Rats Lee, Hyun Jin; Álvarez Primo, María; Allo, Miguel A.; Cantú, Silvana María; Donoso, Adriana Susana; Peredo, Horacio Angel; Choi, Marcelo Roberto; Puyó, Ana María Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos del losartán (30 mg/kg/día) y de la metformina (500 mg/kg/día) sobre el índice de adiposidad y la liberación de prostanoides del lecho vascular mesentérico, así como su relación con la presión arterial sistólica en un modelo de síndrome metabólico inducido por una dieta alta en grasa y sobrecarga de fructosa en ratas Sprague-Dawley macho durante 9 semanas. Material y métodos: Los lechos vasculares mesentéricos extraídos se incubaron y los prostanoides liberados se midieron por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. La presión arterial sistólica fue medida por método indirecto. Resultados: La dieta alta en grasa y la sobrecarga de fructosa produjo aumentos significativos en la presión arterial sistólica y del índice de adiposidad del lecho vascular mesentérico. Por su parte, la dieta alta en grasa y sobrecarga de fructosa incrementó la liberación de prostanoides vasoconstrictores tanto del tromboxano B2 como de la prostaglandina F2alfa; y del marcador de inflamación, la prostaglandina E2. La relación PGI2/TXA2 se redujo significativamente. La administración de losartán como de metformina previnieron todas estas alteraciones. Conclusión: Ambos fármacos ejercen efectos beneficiosos sobre el tejido adiposo perivascular del lecho mesentérico, lo que mejora la disfunción endotelial inducida por un desbalance de sustancias vasoactivas.; Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of losartan (30 mg/kg/day) and metformin (500 mg/kg/day) on the adiposity index and on mesenteric vascular bed prostanoid release, and their relationship with systolic blood pressure in a metabolic syndrome model induced by high-fat high fructose-diet in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 9 weeks. Methods: Mesenteric vascular beds were extracted and incubated and prostanoids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Systolic blood pressure was measured by an indirect method. Results: High-fat high-fructose diet produced significant increase in systolic blood pressure and mesenteric vascular bed adiposity index and in the release of vasoconstricting prostanoids as thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin F2α and of prosta glandin E2, a marker of inflammation. The PGI2/TXA2 ratio was significantly reduced. The administration of losartan and metformin prevented all these changes. Conclusion: Both drugs have beneficial effects on mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue by improving endothelial dysfunction induced by an imbalance of vasoactive substances.

Plant Antifungal Lectins: Mechanism of Action and Targets on Human Pathogenic Fungi del Rio, Marianela Victoria; de la Canal, Laura; Regente, Mariana Clelia Lectins are proteins characterized by their ability to specifically bind different carbohydrate motifs. This feature is associated with their endogenous biological function as well as with multiple applications. Plants are important natural sources of these proteins; however, only a reduced group was shown to display antifungal activity. Although it is hypothesized that the target of lectins is the fungal cell wall, the mechanism through which they exert the antifungal action is poorly understood. This topic is relevant to improve treatment against pathogens of importance for human health. In this context, mechanisms pointing to essential attributes for virulence instead of the viability of the pathogen emerge as a promising approach. This review provides the current knowledge on the action mechanism of plant antifungal lectins and their putative use for the development of novel active principles against fungal infections.