Metformin has a direct effect on ovarian cells that is dependent on organic cation transporters Di Pietro, Mariana; Velazquez, Candela; Matzkin, Maria Eugenia; Frungieri, Monica Beatriz; Peña, Mariana Gómez; de Zúñiga, Ignacio Javier; Pascuali, Natalia Marisa; Irusta, Griselda; Bianchi, Maria Silvia; Parborell, Maria Fernanda Agustina; Abramovich, Dalhia Nurit Metformin (MET) is the most widely prescribed hypoglycemic drug in type 2 diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Besides its effects on glucose metabolism, MET exerts beneficial effects on these patients’ fertility. However, the exact mechanisms of action of MET on female fertility are still unclear. In this work, we analyzed a possible direct effect of MET on ovarian cells. We found expression of the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2 and OCT3, responsible for MET uptake into the cells, in rat granulosa cells and human cumulus cells. Furthermore, MET increased pAMPK and decreased VEGF levels both in vivo and in rat granulosa cells in culture. These last effects were reversed when OCTs were inhibited. Our results suggest that MET acts directly on ovarian cells regulating cell metabolism and VEGF expression. Our findings are relevant to optimize PCOS fertility treatment and to explore ovarian MET actions in other female pathologies.

Impact reduction of COVID19 in AMBA Part 2: lockdown control Sanchez Peña, Ricardo Salvador; García Violini, Demian; Moscoso Vázquez, Marcela; Garelli, Fabricio This work presents the second part of a study focused on the multilevel control of the population confinement for the AMBA region to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak. With this aim, the model used throughout this study is known as SEIRD and two objectives are sought. Firstly, a time-varying identification of the infection rate and its relation with the measured average mobility in the AMBA is developed. Secondly, a control law is added to regulate the transitions between confinement and normal life, according to five different levels. This work is presented in two parts: Part 1 covers the model identification and validation, and the analysis of the impact on the model of the measured average mobility; while this paper (Part 2) details the proposed control methodology, which considers the plasma treatment from recovered patients. Here, the impact of the proposed model-based control methodology on the reduction of the ICU occupancy and the number of deaths, is detailed.

Impact reduction of COVID19 in AMBA Part 1: Model identification & validation García Violini, Demian; Moscoso Vázquez, Marcela; Garelli, Fabricio; Sanchez Peña, Ricardo Salvador This work presents the first part of a study focused on the multilevel control of the population confinement for the AMBA region to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak. With this aim, the models used throughout this study are known as SEIR/SEIRD and two objectives are sought. Firstly, a timevarying identification of the infection rate and its relation with the measured average mobility in the AMBA is developed. Secondly, a control law is added to regulate the transitions between confinement and normal life, according to five different levels. This work is presented in two parts: this paper (Part 1) covers the model identification and validation, and the analysis of the impact on the model of the measured average mobility; while Part 2 details the proposed control methodology, which also considers the plasma treatment from recovered patients. The latter focuses on the impact of the proposed model-based control methodology on the reduction of the ICU occupancy and number of deaths

A new species of Hippomonavella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from the Holocene and recent of Argentina and Uruguay (Southwest Atlantic) López Gappa, Juan José; Liuzzi, Maria Gabriela; Pereyra, Cristian Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. is introduced based on material from the continental shelf off Uruguay. Bilaminar fragments of this species were also found in mid-Holocene deposits of Destacamento Río Salado Member, Canal de las Escobas Formation (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), ca. 6,000 yr BP. Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. resembles H. brasiliensis Ramalho, Muricy & Taylor, 2008, but differs from this species in its more triangular and protruding avicularia occurring in just a small proportion of zooids. Hippomonavella charrua n. sp. is the third species of the genus with both fossil and Recent representatives. The tatiform ancestrula and the early astogeny are described for the first time in a species of Hippomonavella.

La Educación Sexual Integral en la escuela media desde la perspectiva de las y los jóvenes: análisis exploratorio de su satisfacción percibida Sartor, Iriana; Rabbia, Hugo Hernán La ley nacional nº 26.150 de Educación Sexual Integral, vigente desde 2006, reconoce el derecho a todos los educandos de recibir educación sexual integral tanto en establecimientos escolares de gestión pública como privada, desde el nivel inicial hasta el nivel superior de formación docente y de educación técnica no universitaria. Si bien la implementación de la misma debe ser obligatoria y ordena la creación de un programa nacional de educación sexual integral, la ley reconoce la posibilidad de que tanto las instituciones escolares como las jurisdicciones nacional, provincial, de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y municipal puedan adaptar las propuestas a su realidad sociocultural, ideario institucional y convicciones de sus miembros, lo que genera cierta contradicción en cuanto a su aplicación.El presente trabajo explora la percepción y satisfacción sobre los contenidos de educación sexual integral impartidos en la escuela media, a partir de las expresiones de estudiantes ingresantes en la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Se ha realizado un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra no probabilística con el total de 126 participantes, donde el 64,3% pertenece a la UNC y el 35,7% a la UCC, más mujeres (60%) que varones, con casi un 45% de egresados de colegios confesionales, y un promedio de 20,1 años de edad.Los resultados indican que es mayor el número de casos en que los participantes señalan que no han abordado contenidos de los lineamientos curriculares de ESI en su formación secundaria, o bien que se han abordado de manera insatisfactoria. Entre los que se abordan de forma mayoritaria destacan aquellos más vinculados con miradas biologicistas sobre la educación sexual. El nivel de satisfacción sobre los contenidos recibidos es bajo, sobre todo entre quienes asistieron a escuelas confesionales. Llamativamente, quienes manifiestan mayor nivel de satisfacción sobre los contenidos recibidos, tienden a ser ingresantes con mayores niveles de religiosidad personal y actitudes críticas hacia la formación en ESI en escuelas medias.

Digestive flexibility in Neohelice granulata from the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon: Characterization and modulation of key enzymes in hepatopancreas Lopez Mañanes, Alejandra Antonia; Asaro, Antonela; Méndez, Eugenia; Michiels, Maria Soledad; Pinoni, Silvina Andrea The study of different physiological aspects of the digestive tract (i.e.,components involved at the biochemical level and mechanisms ofmodulation) is extremely relevant for the integrated knowledge of thefunctioning of living organisms. Digestive enzymes play an essentialphysiological role as a link between ingestion, absorption, and assimilationof nutrients. In many animals, modulation of digestive enzyme activitiescan lead to digestive adjustments for facing diverse variations in keyenvironmental conditions (del Valle et al. 2006, Karasov and Douglas2013). In the digestive tract of several vertebrate and invertebrate species,membrane transport systems (such as sodium pumps), as well asmembrane enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (AP), accomplish a keyrole in the maintenance and/or adjustment of digestive, absorptive andsecretion processes. The hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans is main site of digestive enzymes synthesis, digestion, absorption, andstorage of nutrients (Carter and Mente 2014, Saborowski 2015, Ribeiro etal. 2016). However, integrative studies on the occurrence and modulationof key enzymes in the hepatopancreas of euryhaline intertidal crabs, arescarce and fragmentary.In Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Argentina), the crab Neohelicegranulata successfully occupies the entire intertidal area, from openmudflat to vegetated saltmarsh, being exposed to varying conditions inseveral environmental factors (Spivak et al. 1994, Fanjul et al. 2008, Luppiet al. 2013). Therefore, it is expected to exhibit digestive flexibility to facethese heterogeneous habitats. In this chapter, we describe the currentknowledge about characteristics and modulation of key enzymes involvedin both digestion and absorption processes, in the hepatopancreas of adultmales from the mudflat of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos AiresProvince Argentina, 37°32-37°45S; 57°19-57°26W). Furthermore, acomparison was drawn with the digestive enzyme activities in thehepatopancreas of crabs from the saltmarsh.

The ecological roles of Neohelice granulata I: modifying habitats Escapa, Carlos Mauricio; Fanjul, Maria Eugenia; Montemayor Borsinger, Diana Ireri; Giorgini, Micaela; Miguez, Ana; Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo Neohelice granulata a model species for studies of ocean changes.Large species monographs seem to be a thing of the past, probably because few investigators have the luxury or dedication to be able to focus long-term research efforts exclusively on one species or a group of species. This enormous monograph on Neohelice granulata proves the great value that such monographs still have in current times. While in the past, species or taxon-focused monographs were typically written by single investigators who had spent their entire career investigating their favorite organisms, this monograph on N. granulata is a group effort gathering a total of 77 authors, primarily from Argentina. This is a gigantic achievement for the editors, being able to shepherd such a diverse group of authors who united in preparing this monograph with a total of 33 chapters.The result of this effort provides an overview about one of the best-studied crustacean species of the past few decades. From reading some of the chapters it becomes evident that this is not only a collection of chapters about N. granulata, but this volume is also testimony of a long-term research commitment of the Argentinian crustacean community.Collectively, they have worked over decades to investigate all aspects of the biology and life history of this intertidal crab. This volume is testimony to a community effort in every single chapter, almost on any single page. Most of the chapters are authored by at least two authors, andmany actually by more than two authors, furthermore underscoring this collaborative effort. The editors and all their fellow authors are congratulated especially for pulling off this group achievement!The volume is divided in four sections, each with a brief introductory preface by one of the eminent scholars in the field. In the first section on life history and developmental biology, the eight chapters explore the earyl life of N. granulata, from embryonic development to larval life. Authors especially focus on the pelagic stages, settlement biology, and life cycles.The eight chapters in the section on neurobiology cover topics ranging from sensory systems to neural integration including memory and learning. In the section on anatomy and physiology the authors present information on the reproductive system, investment in growth and 2 Fore word reproduction, general metabolic strategies and respiration of this fascinating crab living at the interface between air and water. In the final nd forms of food acquisition and the complexity of mating system of N. granulata as well as their effects on habitat structure and and species interactions,.The individual chapters are all relatively concise, and they are richly illustrated, making the reading a pleasant experience. All chapters are written in a clear language making them also accessible to readers from related disciplines or people interested in the general biology and ecology of crustaceans.This book presents N. granulata as ideal model species for future studies on climate change, pollution, habitat degradation, or specie invasions. The distributional range of N. granulata is one of the areas in the world's oceans that have and will continue to experience substantial changes in seawater temperatures. Not surprisingly, N. granulata is increasingly confronted with invasive species, which either have been expanding their geographic ranges or which have been introduced by human activities, e.g. ship transport. Thus, in large parts of its natural habitat N. granulata now cohabits with one of the most aggressive invaders around the world, the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Similarly, N.granulata is exposed to industrial and coastal activities, and one of the chapters in the volume (on endocrine disruption) is examining the effects of pollution on reproductive traits and success in N. granulata. This is the only chapter on anthropogenic impacts on this marvelous little crab from the South-West Atlantic, but future studies on human impacts will be able to build on the enormous and complete knowledge provided in this volume.This volume should be an inspiration for others, who might have similarly rich and integral information on their local crab species ? I could easily envision several well-studied crabs that would merit a similarvolume.In the meantime, the scene is set for Neohelice granulata to serve as model organisms for scientists from different fields and from regions of the world. This book provides investigators with all the basic knowledge needed to thoroughly examine whether and how this common intertidal crab is adapting to the changes occurring in their natural habitats.

The ecological roles of neohelice granulata ii: regulating species interactions Botto, Florencia; Alberti, Juan; Canepuccia, Alejandro Daniel; Daleo, Pedro; Lomovasky, Betina Judith; Martinetto, Paulina Maria del Rosario; Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo Neohelice granulata inhabits soft bare sediments (herein mudflats) and salt marshes in South Western Atlantic (SWA) estuarine and protected environments. They excavate semi-permanent burrows that differ in shapes and depth between habitats and form extensive areas of high densities (hereafter “crab beds”) that not only modify the abiotic environment (see Chapter 10 Volume I), but also regulate species interactions. The feeding activity of these crabs differs between areas being herbivores in salt marshes but mainly deposit feeders in the mudflats. In this chapter we will review the biological interactions occurring at both, the salt marsh and the mudflat, in which crabs are directly or indirectly involved. These interactions are summarized in Figure 17.1.

Morfometría y osteología comparadas de dos especies de Merluccius: Presentes en Argentina Delpiani, Sergio Matias Las especies del género Merluccius están ampliamente distribuidas en la plataforma continental y talud de mares templados. Hasta muy recientemente se mencionaba la presencia de dos especies de Merluccius en aguas argentinas, M. hubbsi Marini, 1933 y M. australis (Hutton, 1872). Sin embargo, basados en caracteres merísticos, morfométricos y cráneo-osteológicos otros autores, describen una tercera especie (M. patagonicus) para la zona de Comodoro Rivadavia, en ArgentinaEn este trabajo se pretende fundamentar la hipótesis de que las especies nominales M. hubbsi y M. australis se distinguen entre sí por la morfometría de los elementos constituyentes del esqueleto craneal; que Merluccius cf. patagonicus no sería una nueva especie válida sino más bien un sinónimo júnior de M. hubbsi, y que la osteología es una gran fuente de evidencia para confirmar la validez de estas especies nominales. La descripción comparativa de los componentes del esqueleto craneal en las especies del género Merluccius tiene como objetivo aportar elementos diagnósticos que contribuyan a una mejor identificación taxonómica de las especies y a la utilidad en la identificación de los elementos óseos en contenidos estomacales de animales ictiófagos. Los objetivos particulares de este trabajo son:Describir parte del esqueleto craneal de las especies mencionadas, realizar análisis morfológicos y morfométricos comparativos de los elementos óseos con el fin de evaluar diferencias entre las especies y variaciones intraespecíficas, si las hubiere. El material biológico analizado procedió de cinco campañas de investigación realizadas por el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), en las regiones del golfo San Jorge y sector norpatagónico entre 43° y 48° S, y del área sur patagónica (entre 48° y 55° S). Se seleccionaron 64 ejemplares de M. hubbsi y 3 ejemplares de M. australis. Para el análisis osteológico se seccionaron los cráneos a nivel de la primera vértebra cervical, se utilizó la técnica de desarticulación en fresco. Los huesos fueron comparados morfológicamente y se diseñaron mediciones para realizar un análisis morfométrico, sobre las siguientes piezas óseas hiomandibular, urohial utilizadas para diferenciar la especie M. patagonicus. Se tomaron 12 variables morfométricas del hiomandibular y 6 variables morfométricas del urohial; dichos datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de componentes principales. Además se evaluó la presencia de excisura ostii en el otolito sagitta en los ejemplares de M. hubbsi. Por otra parte, se comparo la morfología de los siguientes elementos óseos: maxilar, premaxilar, dentario, cuadrado, otolitos, hiomandibular y urohial; además de los otolitos entre las especies nominales. Se observó diferencias morfológicas en todos los elementos examinados entre las especies nominales. El ACP permitió separar a las dos especies consagradas tanto por el urohial como por el hiomandibular. Por otro lado, la presencia de la excisura ostii en el otolito estaría relacionada íntimamente con la talla del individuo.Por lo tanto, se concluye que no hay evidencias que confirmen la existencia de una nueva especie de Merluccius para aguas argentinas, sobre la base de estudios osteológicos y la comparación de los ejemplares de M. hubbsi, M. patagonicus y M. australis. Merluccius patagonicus Lloris y Matallanas, 2003 es sinónimo junior de M. hubbsi Marini, 1933. Sólo dos especies de merluza están presentes en aguas argentinas: M. hubbsi y M. australis.

La inseguridad en las narrativas mediáticas de los diarios El Día y Hoy: Algunas aproximaciones Mamani, Gonzalo Ricardo; Komissarov, Sergio Algo te puede pasar. La experiencia urbana de la inseguridad explora la circulación de sentidos sociales en torno a "la inseguridad" y sus anclajes específicos y disímiles en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de dos barrios de la ciudad de La Plata. "La inseguridad" ocupa un lugar central para estos sujetos y se convierte en uno de los criterios fundamentales en la producción y gestión del espacio urbano. La experiencia de la inseguridad afecta y condiciona desde las dinámicas familiares y hogareñas hasta los lugares por los que se transita y las relaciones sociales que se entablan; experiencia que no se limita a los eventos vividos "en carne propia", sino también a aquellos otros referidos por terceros y a las apropiaciones realizadas de los múltiples discursos sociales y mediáticos que tienen a "la inseguridad" como recurso tópico prevalente.

El impacto de los desechos plásticos y los microplásticos en la costa bonaerense Arias, Andres Hugo; Ronda, Ana Carolina; Gomez, Nora; Pazos, Rocío Soledad; Amalvy, Javier; Dimauro, Rosana; Ondarza, Paola Mariana; Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz; Marcovecchio, Jorge Eduardo La investigación en torno a la basura plástica y los microplásticos (MPs) en zonas costeras/marinas ha generado un gran interés por parte de la comunidad científica y los organismos tomadores de decisiones, debido a los alcances globales que presenta este tipo de contaminación y al aumento casi constante la presencia en el medio ambiente. Los MPs están presentes en diferentes matrices abióticas (marinas y costeras) y accesibles para la ingestión por una gran variedad de organismos. La provincia de Buenos Aires extiende su línea costera de más de 1200 Km desde el Río de la Plata hasta la desembocadura del Río Negro, constituyéndose en un área de gran importancia para el sector productivo costero (pesca y turismo) que incluye regiones prioritarias en cuanto a su conservación, playas turísticas, cinco puertos comerciales y un puerto militar que no escapan a la problemática de los desechos plásticos y MPs. En este contexto, el presente capítulo propone revisar el estado de esta problemática para las costas de la provincia (ocurrencia, distribución, dinámica y transferencia al componente biótico) identificando sus potenciales vulnerabilidades y oportunidades que enfrenta la región.

Designing electrochemical interfaces based on nanohybrids of avidin functionalized-carbon nanotubes and ruthenium nanoparticles as peroxidase-like nanozyme with supramolecular recognition properties for site-specific anchoring of biotinylated residues Gallay, Pablo; Eguílaz Rubio, Marcos; Rivas, Gustavo Adolfo We are reporting an original supramolecular architecture based on a rationally designed new nanohybrid with enhanced peroxidase-like activity and site-specific biorecognition properties using avidin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-Av) and Ru nanoparticles (RuNPs). The nanohybrid-electrochemical interface was obtained by drop-coating of MWCNTs-Av dispersion at glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) followed by solvent evaporation and further electrodeposition of RuNPs (50 ppm RuCl2 for 15 s at -0.600 V). The simultaneous presence of MWCNTs and RuNPs produces a synergic effect on the non-enzymatic catatalytic reduction of H2O2 and allows the quantification of H2O2 in a wide linear range (from 5.0 × 10−7 M to 1.75 × 10−3 M) with a low limit of detection (65 nM). The avidin residues present in MWCNTs-Av/RuNPs hybrid nanomaterial allowed the anchoring by bioaffinity of biotinylated glucose oxidase (biot-GOx) as proof-of-concept of the analytical application of MWCNTs-Av platform for biosensors development. The resulting nanoarchitecture behaves as a bienzymatic-like glucose biosensor with a competitive analytical performance: linear range between 2.0 × 10−5 M and 1.23 × 10−3 M, sensitivity of (0.343 ± 0.002) μA mM−1 or (2.60 ± 0.02) μA mM−1 cm−2, detection limit of 3.3 μM, and reproducibility of 5.2% obtained with five different GCE/MWCNTs-Av/RuNPs/biot-GOx bioplatforms prepared the same day using the same MWCNTs-Av dispersion, and 9.1% obtained with nine biosensors prepared in different days with nine different MWCNTs-Av dispersions. The average concentrations of glucose in Gatorade®, Red bull® and Pepsi® with the biosensor demonstrated excellent agreement with those reported in the commercial beverages.

Traditional mycological knowledge and processes of change in Mapuche communities from Patagonia, Argentina: A study on wild edible fungi in Nothofagaceae forests Molares, Soledad; Toledo, Carolina Veronica; Stecher, Gabriel Andre; Barroetaveña, Carolina Practices, perceptions, beliefs, and other forms of relationships between rural inhabitants and fungi have scarcely been studied in Patagonia. In this work, we analyze species richness, cultural importance, and modes of use of wild edible fungi in five Mapuche communities in northwest Patagonia of Argentina. Through an ethnobiological approach, we carried out semistructured interviews, walks in forests, and participant observations. Data were analyzed qualitative and quantitatively. Community members collected 17 species in environments with different degrees of human disturbance that they consumed fresh in situ, after some processing or stored for later consumption or trade. Indigenous morels such as Morchella aff. tridentina, M. aff. septimelata, and an unidentified species of Morchella had the greatest cultural importance at the regional level, followed by the exotic Suillus luteus and the native Cyttaria hariotti. Most of these species were frequently mentioned as having commercial value, continuity of use over time, and outstanding organoleptic properties. The remaining species currently have occasional use. The differential use of edible fungi, practices, transferences, and resignifications, as well as new technologies for storage, were analyzed. Regional knowledge about fungi reflects important features of Mapuche tradition but also the process of change in responding to complex and dynamic socioeconomic and ecological contexts.

Regionalismo enraizado: el movimiento social de las “mujeres de confort” en Corea del Sur, China y Taiwán; [en] Rooted Regionalism: The Social Movement of “Comfort Women” in South Korea, China and Taiwan Alvarez, Maria del Pilar Este artículo analiza el movimiento social de las “mujeres de confort” en Corea del Sur, China y Taiwán, protagonista en la configuración de una nueva geopolítica de la memoria en la región. La propuesta central que guía el trabajo sostiene que los actores sociales analizados muestran un alto nivel de enraizamiento regional provocando procesos armónicos de diferenciación local que densifican la red sin fusionar el activismo local con el transnacional. Los ejes analíticos relevantes son la morfología, las identidades y los vínculos como así también la discusión teórico metodológica en torno a cómo analizar los niveles interacción de un movimiento transnacional desde una perspectiva relacional que recupere las redes sumergidas a nivel local. La presente investigación fundamenta su propuesta en un estudio cualitativo de casos integrados basado en material institucional, observación participante y entrevistas abiertas a miembros de las organizaciones seleccionadas.; This article analyzes the social movement of "comfort women" in South Korea, China and Taiwan, protagonist in the configuration of a new geopolitics of memory in the region. The central proposal that guides the work maintains that the analyzed social actors show a high level of regional roots, provoking harmonic processes of local differentiation that densify the network without merging local activism with the transnational one. The relevant analytical axes are morphology, identities and links as well as the theoretical methodological discussion around how to analyze the interaction levels of a transnational movement from a relational perspective that recovers submerged networks at the local level. The present research bases its proposal on a qualitative study of integrated cases based on institutional material, participant observation and open interviews with members of the selected organizations.

Los de arriba y los de abajo: El servicio doméstico y su "reglamentación" en Córdoba (Argentina) en las primeras décadas del siglo XX; Those above and those below: Domestic service and its “regulation” in Córdoba (Argentina) in the first decades of the 20th century; Os de em cima e os de embaixo: O serviço doméstico e sua “regulamentação” em Córdoba (Argentina) nas primeiras décadas do século XX Remedi, Fernando Javier Entre las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del XX se produjo en Córdoba (Argentina) un proceso de creciente mercantilización del servicio doméstico, un espacio atravesado por sensibles asimetrías de clase, que supuso una desestabilización de las formas tradicionales de su regulación y cierto debilitamiento del control patronal. Esta situación alimentó el malestar y una creciente inquietud de los patrones respecto de sus empleados domésticos y la emergencia de una demanda en torno a la necesidad de una intervención del Estado. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar y caracterizar estas demandas de "reglamentación", así como reconstruir las respuestas brindadas a ellas desde el Estado en Córdoba durante este período, intentando perfilar su carácter, alcance, sentido y establecer la realidad de su aplicación, a partir de la prensa periódica local de diversa orientación ideológica y normativas municipales. Se concluye que dichas modalidades de "reglamentación" suponían la individualización y el control estatal-policial de los empleados domésticos y ocuparían el sitio que iban dejando libres las tradicionales formas de regulación del sector. Sin embargo, algunas iniciativas también contemplaron instancias de intervención estatal en la relación contractual patrones-domésticos, que consistían en un arbitraje conciliador en caso de conflicto.; Between the last decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, Córdoba saw a process of increasing commoditization of the domestic service, a space traversed by sensitive class asymmetries, which meant the destabilization of the traditional ways of regulation of the service and a certain weakening of the employers’ control. This situation fuelled the discomfort and the increasing concerns of employers in relation to their domestic help and the emergency of the demand of the need for State intervention. The objective of this article is to examine and characterize those repeated demands for "regulation" and, above everything else, to reconstruct the answers given to them by the State of Córdoba in that period, with the intention of profiling their nature, scope and meaning, as well as establishing the reality of their application. To work on this, different documentation was consulted, such as municipal regulation and the local press of the time with different ideologies. As a conclusion, it can be stated that said modalities of “regulation” meant the individualization and the control by the state and police of the domestic help, and they would occupy the space left by traditional ways of sector regulation. However, some initiatives also considered state intervention instances in the contractual relationship between the employers and the domestic help, which consisted of conciliatory arbitration in case of conflict.; Entre as últimas décadas do século XIX e as primeiras do XX um processo ocorreu em Córdoba (Argentina) de uma crescente mercantilização do serviço doméstico, um espaço atravessado por sensíveis assimetrias de classe, que supôs uma desestabilização das formas tradicionais de sua regulamentação e certo enfraquecimento do controle patronal. Esta situação alimentou o mal-estar e um crescente nervosismo dos patrões a respeito de seus empregados domésticos e a emergência de uma demanda em torno à necessidade de uma intervenção do Estado. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar e caracterizar estas demandas de “regulamentação”, assim como reconstruir as respostas proporcionadas a elas desde o Estado em Córdoba durante este período, tentando perfilar seu caráter, abrangência, sentido e estabelecer a realidade de sua aplicação. A partir da imprensa periódica local de diversa orientação ideológica e da normatividade municipal. Concluiu-se que essas modalidades de “regulamentação” supunham a individualização e o controle estadual-policial dos empregados domésticos e ocupariam o lugar que iam deixando livres as tradicionais formas de regulamentação do setor. No entanto, algumas iniciativas também contemplaram instâncias de intervenção estadual na relação contratual patrões-domésticos, que consistiam em uma arbitragem conciliadora em casos de conflito.

Trace elements in trophic webs from South Atlantic: The use of cetaceans as sentinels Durante, Cristian Alberto; Moura Reis, Barbara Manhaes; Azevedo, Alexandre; Crespo, Enrique Alberto; Lailson-Brito, José The odontocetes are at the top of the trophic chains, and because they accumulate numerous compounds throughout life, they are considered as bioindicators of ecosystem contamination. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of trace elements of the short-beak common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Regardless of the tissue and the species, the average concentration of silver was the lowest. The highest concentration in the kidney was cadmium, while in the liver it varied between selenium and total mercury according to the species. The bioconcentration process was present in relation with the age and standard length in common dolphins. Additionally, Se–HgT molar ratios differed among species. This study provides new information on the current state of pollution by trace elements in common and Fraser's dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic, and it serves as a complement to the work in tropical waters.

Naming the diversity: taxonomy of current species of Patagonian lizards. Avila, Luciano Javier; Gonzalez Marin, Maria Andrea; Troncoso Palacios, Jaime; Sánchez, Kevin Imanol; Perez, Cristian Hernan Fulvio; Morando, Mariana The diversity of the Patagonian lizard fauna is a combination of lowdiversity at higher levels, e.g., families, some of them almost marginal to the region,coupled with very high species diversity concentrated in two genera Liolaemus andPhymaturus, and a high number of endemics. The number of described speciesalmost tripled since Cei?s last and only monograph on Patagonian herpetofauna in1987. But changes were not limited to species numbers; taxonomy changed as studiesof this fauna improved with the use of modern taxonomic techniques and dedicatedfield surveys made to some previously unknown areas. The purpose of thischapter is to provide a taxonomic summary of Patagonian lizards. We include anumber of plates with pictures of poorly known and/or endemic Patagonian speciesprobably never included in any book or publication.

Calefacción solar por ventanas: modelado, cálculo y propuesta de diseño; Solar heating through windows: Design model, calculation, and proposal Juanico, Luis Eduardo Se presenta un programa simple de arquitectura abierta (VENTANASOL) para el cálculo de la ganancia solar y la pérdida de calor en viviendas por acristalamientos. Se demuestra cómo, en clima frío (Bariloche), el balance energético de una ventana simple vidriada es fuertemente negativo, justificando la solución tradicional de ventanas pequeñas. Se discuten tres nuevas opciones, siendo su balance: 1) positivo o negativo con doble vidriado hermético (DVH), según su orientación; 2) fuertemente positivo, incorporando una persiana térmica al vidriado simple; 3) moderadamente positivo con DVH y persiana térmica. Se observa cómo una implantación NE-NO con dos ventanas maximiza la ganancia solar diaria en invierno y otoño-primavera, siendo hasta 50% mejor que la tradicional(norte). Se proponen dos muros vidriados con persianas térmicas y muro Trombe (18m2 c/u) para calefaccionar una casa en Bariloche (13.000 kWh/año).; A single open architecture program (VENTANASOL) is presented for the calculation of solar gains and glazing heat losses in dwellings. The project shows how –in cold weather (Bariloche)– the energy balance of a single glass window is strongly negative, justifying the traditional solution of small windows. Three new options are discussed, with their balances being: 1) positive or negative with double pane glass (DVH), based on their orientation; 2) strongly positive, introducing thermal shades to the single glass; and 3) moderately positive with DVH and thermal shades. It has been observed how a NE-NW arrangement with two windows minimizes daily sun gains during winter and autumn-spring, with up to 50% improvements compared to the traditional option (North). Two glass walls with thermal shades and Trombe wall (18 square meters each) are suggested to heat a house in Bariloche (13,000 kWh/year).

Structural and SQMFF study of potent insecticide 4′,4′-DDT combining the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra with DFT calculations Iramain, Maximiliano Alberto; Castillo, María V.; Davies, Lilian Emilia; Manzur, Maria Eugenia; Brandan, Silvia Antonia The experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra in the solid state have been employed to vibrationally characterize the potent insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4′,4′-DDT). The complete vibrational assignments of 4′,4′-DDT in gas phase and in acetone and diethyl-ether were performed combining hybrid B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6–311++G** calculations with the internal coordinates, the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology and the experimental spectra. Here, the molecular structures of 4′,4′-DDT were theoretically determined in gas phase and in acetone and diethyl-ether solutions by using those two methods. The self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method and the integral equation formalism variant polarised continuum model (IEFPCM) model were employed to study the properties in solution while the solvation energies were predicted by using the solvation model. The B3LYP/6–311++G** calculations show higher solvation energy in the solvent with lower permittivity, diethyl-ether. A clear and direct correlation was found with both basis sets between solvation energy and dipole moment for those two solvents. NBO studies clearly show that dichlorodiphenyl groups confer to 4,4′-DDT higher stability than the trichloroethyl group due to the fact that the lone pairs of Cl21 and Cl22 atoms present the n→π* transitions while the AIM study shows the participation of trichloroethyl group in halogen bonds clearly justifying the stability of 4′,4′-DDT in the three media and with both basis sets. The MK and NPA charges evidence different behaviors in both media and with both basis sets. The frontier orbitals show that the reactivity of 4,4′-DDT strongly depends on the basis set while it is more reactive than dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene and saxitoxin but 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene, 3,3′,4,4′ tetrachloroazoxybenzene, CN− and CO species present higher reactivity than 4,4′-DDT. The number of Cl atoms could justify the differences observed in the nucleophilicity indexes of 4,4′-DDT, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,3′,4,4′ tetrachloroazoxybenzene.

ILF3 contributes to the establishment of the antiviral type i interferon program Watson, Samir; Bellora, Nicolás; Macias Numa, Sara Magdalena del Valle Upon detection of viral infections, cells activate the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines to control viral dissemination. As part of their antiviral response, cells also trigger the translational shutoff response which prevents translation of viral mRNAs and cellular mRNAs in a non-selective manner. Intriguingly, mRNAs encoding for antiviral factors bypass this translational shutoff, suggesting the presence of additional regulatory mechanisms enabling expression of the self-defence genes. Here, we identified the dsRNA binding protein ILF3 as an essential host factor required for efficient translation of the central antiviral cytokine, IFNB1, and a subset of interferon-stimulated genes. By combining polysome profiling and next-generation sequencing, ILF3 was also found to be necessary to establish the dsRNA-induced transcriptional and translational programs. We propose a central role for the host factor ILF3 in enhancing expression of the antiviral defence mRNAs in cellular conditions where cap-dependent translation is compromised.