Los de afuera no son de palo: notas reflexivas sobre una investigación de amor en varones gays; The others matter: reflexive notes on a research about love among gay men Marentes, Maximiliano En el presente trabajo propongo un ejercicio de reflexividad metodológica sobre las categorí­as con las que fui comparado en mi investigación sobre amor en varones gais. El objetivo es reconocer que dichas categorí­as no son arbitrarias sino que adquieren un sentido particular en la conformación de parejas, entendidas estas como una red que se ensambla por más de dos personas. Así­, ser comparado con un levante, un tercero en discordia, un terapeuta y un amigo lleva a dinamizar el lugar de investigador, al tiempo que aporta información sobre el amor gay realmente existente.; In this paper I propose an exercise of methodological reflexivity on the categories to which I was compared in my research about love among gay men. e aim is to recognize that those categories are not arbitraries but get particular sense in the conformation of couples. I understood the couples as a network assembled for more than two individuals. So, being compared to a guy trying to date, a third party, a therapist and a friend makes the researcher role more dynamic, at the same time that provides information about really existing gay love.

Narrativas dominantes y violencia epistémica en la historiografía de las danzas argentinas: posibilidades de desobediencia; Dominant Narratives and Epistemic Violence in Argentine Dances Historiography: Possibilities of Disobedience Cadús, María Eugenia El artículo analiza la violencia epistémica en la historiografía de la danza argentina y ofrece un camino hacia la desobediencia epistémica. En tanto la narrativa dominante de la historia de ladanza argentina se centra en la idea de "La Danza (con mayúscula) 'en'Argentina", se asume que esta declaración epistémica implica un punto de vistapolítico, ideológico y estético particular que enfatiza una perspectiva colonialista. En primer lugar analizamos la concepción de "Danza" (con mayúscula) que refiere a la danza escénica como práctica dominante principalmente danza moderna y contemporánea, y ballet en cuanto oculta un posicionamiento eurocéntrico y universalista. Por otra parte, analizamos la preposición "en" que implica una identidad basada en la danza concebida como una importación colonial y evita definir loque Walter Mignolo denomina como locus de enunciación. A través del análisis crítico de esta frase, fundamentado en el examen de textos centrales en la historiografía de las danzas argentinas, el artículo propone un "desenganche epistémico". En segundo término, se exponen ciertas claves para un cambio epistémico decolonial tales como la "lugarización", el cuestionamiento del "presentismo" y la linealidad temporal tendiente a la teleología del modernismo, y la inclusión de Otredades a partir del cuestionamiento de la lógica de archivo dominante por medio del concepto de "repertorio" y de "montaje". El texto aborda los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cómo se construyen las genealogías en la historia de la danza argentina? ¿Cómo se crea el canon?¿Cuál es la hegemonía en los estudios de danza argentina? ¿Qué archivos son privilegiados? ¿Qué voces y cuerpos son silenciados a través de esta narrativa?¿Cuáles son las claves para una desobediencia epistémica en la historiografía de la danza o las danzas argentinas?.

La huelga de estudiantes en la Escuela Práctica de Agricultura y Ganadería “Las Delicias” (Entre Ríos, 1918); The strike of students in the Practical School of Agriculture and cattle raising “Las Delicias” (Entre Ríos, 1918) Cian, Janet Priscila A inicios del siglo XX en Entre Ríos se impulsó la enseñanza agrotécnica de carácter provincial, aunque también tuvo participación el Ministerio Nacional de Agricultura que organizó una escuela en 1900. En este artículo se reconstruye la situación institucional de la Escuela Práctica “Las Delicias”, que fue marco de la huelga estudiantil ocurrida en 1918, para explicar los motivos de la misma, entre los cuales tuvieron un papel decisivo las dificultades en la organización escolar y la fragilidad de la política de enseñanza agrícola nacional. Esto permite poner en cuestión que dicha huelga haya sido una derivación del descontento estudiantil que estaba desarrollándose en las instituciones educativas universitarias de otras provincias y en los institutos secundarios de la ciudad de Paraná.; At the beginning of the 20th century in Entre Ríos, provincial agrotechnical education was promoted, although the National Ministry of Agriculture, which organized a school in 1900, also participated. In this article, the institutional situation of the Las Delicias Practical School which was the framework of the student strike in 1918, is reconstructed to explain the reasons for it, among which the difficulties in school organization and the fragility of the national agricultural education policy were decisive. This allows to question whether this strike was a derivation of the student discontent that was developing in the university educational institutions of other provinces and secondary schools in the city of Paraná.

Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed WHO 2030 goals for Chagas disease Cohen, Joel E; zu Dohna, Heinrich; Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban Chagas disease (CD) persists as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a particularly large impact in the Americas. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed goals for CD elimination as a public health problem to be reached by 2030 by means of achieving intradomiciliary transmission interruption (IDTI), blood transfusion and transplant transmission interruption, diagnostic and treatment scaling-up and prevention and control of congenital transmission. The NTD Modelling Consortium has developed mathematical models to study Trypanosoma cruzi transmission dynamics and the potential impact of control measures. Modelling insights have shown that IDTI is feasible in areas with sustained vector control programmes and no presence of native triatomine vector populations. However, IDTI in areas with native vectors it is not feasible in a sustainable manner. Combining vector control with trypanocidal treatment can reduce the timeframes necessary to reach operational thresholds for IDTI (<2% seroprevalence in children aged <5 years), but the most informative age groups for serological monitoring are yet to be identified. Measuring progress towards the 2030 goals will require availability of vector surveillance and seroprevalence data at a fine scale, and a more active surveillance system, as well as a better understanding of the risks of vector re-colonization and disease resurgence after vector control cessation. Also, achieving scaling-up in terms of access to treatment to the expected levels (75%) will require a substantial increase in screening asymptomatic populations, which is anticipated to become very costly as CD prevalence decreases. Further modelling work includes refining and extending mathematical models (including transmission dynamics and statistical frameworks) to predict transmission at a sub-national scale, and developing quantitative tools to inform IDTI certification, post-certification and re-certification protocols. Potential perverse incentives associated with operational thresholds are discussed. These modelling insights aim to inform discussions on the goals and treatment guidelines for CD.

Perspectivas darwinistas sobre la mente y la conducta humanas: alcances, limitaciones e implicancias educativas; Darwinian perspectives on the human mind and behavior: scope, limitations and educational implications Gonzalez Galli, Leonardo Martin En este trabajo caracterizo las aproximaciones darwinistas a la conducta y mente humanas, especialmente la psicología evolucionista, y analizo las principales críticas que dichas aproximaciones han recibido. A tal fin recurro a la crítica de Jean Marie Schaeffer a la tesis de la excepcionalidad humana y a la perspectiva semántica de las teorías científicas de Ronald Giere. Concluyo que las principales críticas (reduccionismo, determinismo y sesgo ideológico) no son aplicables a la psicología evolucionista en tanto programa de investigación. Concluyo también que no se puede sostener a priori que el enfoque darwiniano no sea aplicable a la mente y conducta humanas. Finalmente discuto algunas implicancias educativas de estos debates.; In this work I characterize Darwinian approaches to human behavior and mind, especially evolutionary psychology, and analyze the main criticisms that these approaches have received. To this end I resort to Jean Marie Schaeffer’s criticism of the thesis of human exceptionality and the semantic perspective of scientific theories of Ronald Giere. I conclude that the main criticisms (reductionism, determinism and ideological bias) are not applicable to evolutionary psychology as a research program. I also conclude that it cannot be held a priori that the Darwinian approach is not applicable to the human mind and behavior. Finally, I discuss some educational implications of these debates.

Adaptación lingüística, estructura factorial y fiabilidad del Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo para Buenos Aires; Linguistic adaptation, factorial structure and reliability of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory for Buenos Aires Brenlla, María Elena; Zapater, Joaquín; Germano, Guadalupe La perspectiva temporal es un término psicológico que refiere al modo en que las personas ordenan sus experiencias en categorías temporales. Se asocia con la salud mental, las conductas de riesgo y los proyectos a futuro. El Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo (ZTPI; Zimbardo y Boyd, 1999) es un cuestionario autoadministrable que evalúa la perspectiva temporal. En este artículo se informan los resultados del estudio psicométrico del ZTPI, realizado en Buenos Aires, sobre la base de la adaptación española del inventario. En este sentido, un propósito fundamental fue analizar si la adaptación española del ZTPI es igualmente válida para su uso en Argentina. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una adaptación lingüística del instrumento que redundó en cambios en la redacción y contenido en la presente versión para adecuarlas a las particularidades del habla en Argentina. Con esta versión, se realizó un estudio piloto con una muestra de 323 personas adultas cuyos datos permitieron el análisis básico de sus propiedades psicométricas. Las evidencias de validez interna corroboran la estructura de cinco componentes del estudio original. La fiabilidad de los ítems en cada factor fue satisfactoria (valores α entre .59 y .78). Los resultados de validez externa muestran asociaciones significativas entre pasado negativo y malestar psicológico (r = .43; p < .005), presente fatalista y locus de control (r = .45; p < .005), presente hedonista y autoeficacia generalizada (r = .31; p < .005). Respecto a la variabilidad obtenida en las puntuaciones del ZTPI se sugiere que, en parte, se debe al nivel educativo y, secundariamente, al sexo. Conforme aumenta la edad, el patrón de orientación al presente hedonista decrece. Lo contrario sucede con el predominio de la orientación futura.; Time perspective is a psychological term that refers to the process by which a person sorts out personal experiences into temporal categories. It is associated with mental health, risk behaviors, cognitive and emotional empathy, and future goals. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) from Zimbardo & Boyd (1999) is a self-administered questionnaire consisting in 56 items with 5 answer options. It examines time perspective in a quantifiable way. The questionnaire was translated and adapted to many languages and cultures, most of which reported satisfactory psychometric evidences. The Spanish version of the ZTPI was first made in Spain by Diaz-Morales (2006). Based on this version, two other Spanish speaking countries, Chile and Mexico, made their own version of the questionnaire. In Argentina, there is a version of the ZTPI valid only for teenagers. In the present work the original ZTPI was translated by 3 experts and a linguistic adaptation was done in order to adequate the items to Argentinean speech. A pilot test using the Diaz-Morales version was carried out. Based on the independent and blinded translations, and on the results of the pilot test, an analysis was made. Many items of the Spanish versions were kept, but 34 of the 56 items were changed so as to be compressible for Argentinians. This work resulted in an Argentinian version of the ZTPI, specially done for that culture. Using this version, a pilot study was done with a sample of 323 adults from Buenos Aires. The analysis shows that the reliability of items was satisfactory (values between a = .59 to a = .78). Internal validity evidences confirm the 5 factors structure shown by the authors. External validity was analyzed showing significant associations among negative past and psychological distress (r = .43; p < .005), present fatalistic and locus of control (r = .45; p < .005) and present hedonistic and Self-efficacy (r = .31; p < .005). To study the error variance due to passing of time, test-retest was carried out, showing high and positive correlations. This means that scores of time perspective show time stability. In conclusion, the results of the psychometric analysis are satisfactory. This indicates that the ZTPI is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to evaluate time perspective in adults from Buenos Aires. An analysis of the variability of ZTPI punctuations was done. It suggests that they are due to two main reasons: educational level and sex. Regarding educational level, significant variations were shown in four of the five factors. The only factor that showed no difference was the positive past. Considering sex, significative differences were shown in four of the five factors of the test, in which medias were higher in women than in men. No differences were shown in hedonistic present factor. With respect to the age, present hedonistic orientation decrease as age grows. On the other hand, as age grows future orientation grows too. These three variables (educational level, sex and age) explain the variability, but it is a partial significance. This implies that time orientation can be understood as a personality characteristic. Consequently, the different punctuations people get in the ZTPI are due to individual differences. Suggestions are made in order to make a definitive adaptation of the ZTPI for Argentina. The most important are increasing the sample with people from other regions of the country and increase the sample to make test-retest. Finally, future research could be oriented to make a short version of the ZTPI and use the questionnaire for evaluation in clinical samples to understand how time perspective works in psychopathologies and then use time orientation as a valid variable for diagnosis and treatment.

Acerca de la problemática de la reparación de los crímenes de Estado; About the problem of State crimes reparation Schneider, Ludmila Nair La problemática de la reparación de los actos criminales ejercidos por representantes del Estado contra su propia población ha cobrado un impulso sin precedentes tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Desde entonces, programas de diverso alcance han configurado intentos por reparar a las víctimas de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos perpetradas durante dictaduras militares o conflictos internos en diversas latitudes. En este paradigma se inscribe esta presentación, cuyo objetivo principal consiste en describir y analizar los lineamientos a partir de los cuales se ha abordado hasta el momento la reparación de los crímenes de Estado. La intención que guía este análisis es identificar sus alcances y limitaciones para construir a partir de una mirada crítica sobre los mismos un marco teórico para la comprensión de la problemática de la reparación. Para ello, se situará la reparación en el marco de la consolidación de la perspectiva de las víctimas, cuyo punto más álgido de desarrollo lo constituye la concepción de reparación integral. Dado que en ese escenario se sitúa la perspectiva de la justicia transicional, que ha hegemonizado los desarrollos relativos al campo de las reparaciones en las últimas décadas, serán analizados sus postulados principales, profundizando en las múltiples tipologías que se han construido desde la justicia transicional para categorizar las medidas tendientes a la reparación. Para finalizar, se presentarán algunas conclusiones preliminares que deberán ser retomadas en futuros trabajos como puntos de partida para la elaboración de un marco conceptual que permita profundizar la comprensión de la reparación.; The problem of repairing criminal acts pursued by representatives of the State against its own population has gained an unprecedented momentum after the Second World War. Since then, programs of varying scope have configured attempts to repair the victims of serious human rights violations perpetrated during military dictatorships or internal conflicts throughout the world. This presentation is part of this paradigm, whose main objective is to describe and analyze the guidelines from which the reparation of State crimes has been addressed up to now. The intention that guides this analysis is to identify its scope and limitations in order to construct, from a critical view of them, a theoretical framework for the understanding of the problem of reparation. Reparation will be placed within the framework of the consolidation of the perspective of the victims, whose highest point of development is the concept of integral reparation. Given that the perspective of transitional justice, which has hegemonized the developments related to the field of reparations in the last decades, is situated in this scenario, its main postulates will be analyzed, deepening in the multiple typologies that have been constructed from transitional justice to categorize the measures tending to repair. To conclude, some preliminary conclusions will be presented that should be taken up in future work as starting points for the elaboration of a conceptual framework that allows deepening the understanding of reparation.

Activismo, orígenes e identidad: singularidades y regularidades en la construccion de demandas a nivel global; Activism, origins and identity: singularities and commonialities in the construction of demands at a global level Gesteira, María Soledad Quién soy, de dónde vengo, quiénes son las personas que me trajeron al mundo, son interrogantes que, en la cultura occidental, histórica y tradicionalmente han sido considerados fundamentales para el ser humano, y son algunas de las preguntas que buscan una respuesta para quienes inician la búsqueda de sus orígenes. La información sobre el origen biológico ha sido gestionada de diversas formas en distintas partes del mundo y muchas veces, fundamentalmente en los casos en que los niños no son criados por aquellas personas que los engendraron, ha sido ocultada y silenciada durante largo tiempo. A partir de una investigación con personas que buscan sus orígenes en Argentina, el artículo describe y analiza diversas formas de activismo que, alrededor del mundo, llevan adelante estas personas para que se reconozca su derecho a conocer sus orígenes. Si bien, la descripción devela las singularidades locales de cada organización, el análisis de este movimiento global permite identificar regularidades en las formas en que estos activistas organizan sus demandas en donde lo virtual, lo íntimo y lo político resultan dimensiones centrales.; Who I am, where I come from, who are the people who brought me to the world, are questions that, in Western culture, historically and traditionally have been considered essential for the human being and for those who start searching for their origins. Information about biological origins has been managed in different ways around the world and often, fundamentally in cases where children are not raised by those who engendered them, has been hidden and silenced for a long time. Based on a research with activists in Argentina who are looking to find out about their origins, this article describes and analyzes various forms of activism that these people have been carrying out around the world to get their right to know their origins recognized. Although the description reveals the local singularities of each organization, the analysis of this global movement allows us to identify regularities in the ways in which these activists organize their demands where the virtual, the intimate and the political dimensions become central.

Efectos de un programa de intervención en vocabulario, conciencia morfológica y fonológica en niños de Jardín de Infantes en Lectura en Grado 1; Effects of an Intervention Program on vocabulary, morphological and phonological awareness in Kindergarden children on Grade 1 Reading achievement Porta, Maria Elsa; Ramirez, Gloria Este estudio evalúa el impacto de dos tipos de intervención (conciencia fonológica (CF) versus una intervención combinada en CF, vocabulario y conciencia morfológica CM)) comparadas con la enseñanza regular sobre el nivel lector adquirido al final de primer grado en niños de Jardín de Infantes (N = 129) de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Obtuvimos mediciones preliminares y posteriores a la intervención de CF, CM, vocabulario, lectura y comprensión lectora. Los niños que recibieron la intervención combinada tuvieron un desempeño superior a los niños del grupo control y a los que recibieron intervención únicamente en CF en las pruebas de vocabulario y comprensión lectora. También superaron al grupo control en CM y lectura. La intervención más efectiva fue la que incluyó tres componentes críticos de la lectura: CF, conciencia morfológica, y vocabulario. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones teóricas para un modelo más integral del desarrollo de la lectura en español y prácticas para la efectiva evaluación e intervención temprana en la lectura.Palabras clave: Adquisición de la lectura; conciencia morfológica; conciencia fonológica; intervención temprana; vocabulario.; The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of two interventions (phonological awareness (PA) only versus a combined intervention on PA, vocabulary, and morphological awareness (MA)) in Argentinean kindergarteners from low SES on their reading comprehension at the end of grade one. Participants were 129 Spanish monolingual, Argentinian children from low SES backgrounds. Using a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design, we compared three conditions: (a) intervention on PA only, (b) combined intervention (PA + vocabulary + MA), (c) control group (business as usual). Kindergarten teachers implemented the interventions with support (for small group intensive work) by speech and language pathologists, over a period of three months (22 hours total). Participating children were assessed on vocabulary, letter-word identification, PA, and MA in kindergarten (before and after the intervention) and in grade one, and on reading comprehension in grade one only. Repeated ANOVAS indicated that children receiving the combined intervention outperformed children in the PA only intervention on vocabulary and reading comprehension and the control group in MA and reading. Findings suggest that the combined intervention was the most effective. These findings have theoretical implications for a more comprehensive developmental model of reading in Spanish, as well as practical implications for teaching and assessment of literacy skills in young, monolingual Spanish-speaking children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Análisis mediante FTIR de la conservación del colágeno y la posible contaminación en muestras óseas del cuaternario pampeano; FTIR analysis of colagen preservation and possible contamination in quaternary bones samples from the pampas Vitale, Paula; Tasca, Julia Elena; Bax, María Marcela; Flores, Ariadna; Politis, Gustavo Gabriel; Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar En este trabajo se analizan los espectros FTIR (espectroscopia infrarroja mediante transformada de Fourier) de diferentes muestras de colágeno tipo I, extraído de huesos de guanaco (Lama guanicoe) y venado de las Pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) modernos y arqueológicos con distintos grados de conservación de la proteína y algunas de ellas con aporte orgánico externo. También se determinó la relación C/N, %C, %N y rendimiento en la extracción de colágeno. Se analizaron 4 relaciones de porcentajes de transmitancia obtenidas sobre las bandas características de los espectros de colágeno (Amida III/AmidaI, Amida III/Prolina, Prolina/Amida I, 1080 cm-1/Amida I) las cuales se proponen como parámetros para determinar la calidad de colágeno. Como resultado, sostenemos que debido a que la técnica FTIR es muy versátil, brinda una herramienta de decisión simple, no demasiado costosa, rápida y accesible, permitiría establecer parámetros de calidad, determinar la conservación del colágeno en especímenes arqueológicos y seleccionar los mejores para realizar estudios isotópicos y radiométricos.; This paper analyzes FTIR (infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform) spectra of type I collagen samples extracted from modern and archaeological bones of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) with varying degrees of protein conservation and, in some cases, external organic input. C:N atomic ratio, C%, N%, and collagen yield were determined. Four transmittance ratios from the spectra were analyzed: Amide III/Amide I, Amide III/Proline, Proline/Amide I, 1080 cm-1/Amide I, which we propose be used for determining collagen quality. Since FTIR analysis is very versatile, it can be used as a simple decision-making tool, it is inexpensive, rapid, and available, we argue that establishing quality parameters with this method would allow us to determine collagen preservation in archaeological samples before sending them for isotopic and radiometric analyses and select the best samples.

Nematode parasites in the lizards Salvator rufescens, Teius teyou (Teiidae) and Homonota underwoodi (Phyllodactylidae) from the Monte Region in Central-Western Argentina Castillo, Gabriel Natalio; González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica; Acosta, Juan Carlos We studied the parasite fauna in three lizard species, Salvator rufescens, Teius teyou (both Teiidae) and Homonota underwoodi (Phyllodactylidae) in Encón locality, province of San Juan, Argentina. We analyzed gastrointestinal contents and estimated ecological indicators of parasites. Presence of three parasitic nematode taxa was determined in the stomach: Physaloptera sp. and Physaloptera retusa (Physalopteridae), and Pharyngodon sp. (Pharyngodonidae). Our parasitic studies are the first for these hosts in Argentina and contribute to current knowledge of the parasite fauna in reptiles.

El Going Out agrícola de China: Un análisis de su desarrollo en Argentina; China’s Going Out agricultural policy: An analysis of its development in Argentina Mora, Sol Yamila La extraordinaria demanda de materias primas de la República Popular China provocó un inusitado incremento de las importaciones de commodities. No obstante, con posterioridad a la crisis alimentaria mundial de 2008, China privilegió la Inversión Extranjera Directa(IED) como mecanismo para garantizar su abastecimiento alimentario doméstico. Como resultado, la agricultura adquirió un lugar prioritario dentro de la estrategia de Going Out. A pesar del abrupto desembarco de IED chinas en sectores primario-extractivos en Argentina, la literatura académica dirigió limitada atención al avance de los capitales de China en la agricultura. Este artículo analiza la forma en que China ha desplegado su estrategia de IED agrícola en Argentina en el período 2010-2016. Para ello, emplea una metodología cualitativa a partir de un relevamiento de las iniciativas de China en Argentina sobre la base de la prensa, publicaciones académicas y fuentes gubernamentales. Ello permite distinguir tres modalidades dentro la estrategia, en las que las inversiones se dirigieron a la tierra, a los servicios agrícolas y a la cadena de valor agrícola.; The extraordinary demand for raw materials from the People's Republic of China led to an unusual increase in commodity imports. However, after the 2008 world food crisis, China favored Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a mechanism for guaranteeing its domestic food supply. As a result, agriculture became a priority within the Going Out strategy. Despite the abrupt disembarkation of Chinese FDI into primary-extractive sectors in Argentina, the academic literature focused limited attention on the advance of Chinese capital in agriculture. This article analyzes the way in which China deployed its agricultural FDI strategy in Argentina between 2010 and 2016. A qualitative methodology is used based on a survey of Chinese initiatives in Argentina based on news coverage, academic publications and government sources. This has led to the identification of three modalities within the strategy in which investments were directed to land, to agricultural services and to the agricultural value chain.

La Teoría Política Contemporánea frente a la Utopía: Razones de un divorcio; Contemporary Political Theory versus Utopia: Reasons for a divorce Souroujon, Gaston El presente trabajo se pregunta por las razones de la desaparición del género utópico en el seno de la teoría política contemporánea. Para dar cuenta de ello, luego de definir las características de este género, y de marcar las trasformaciones claves que ha presentado a lo largo de la historia, el escrito se introduce en tres tradiciones políticas disimiles: marxista, liberal, y la articulada por Arendt, para rastrear en el lenguaje de las mismas las diferentes críticas a la utopía. En este sentido, observamos que en tanto el pensamiento marxista ataca la falta de rigor científico de las utopías, los liberales descubren lo opresivo que el género es para las libertades individuales y el mundo privado, y Arendt y los posfundacionalistas advierten que el mundo utópico solo es posible con la desaparición de lo político.; he present work asks about the reasons for the vanishing of the utopian genre within the contemporary political theory. In order to account for it, after defining the characteristics of this genre, and to mark the key transformations that it has presented throughout history, the work is introduced in three dissimilar political traditions: Marxist, liberal, and the one articulated by Arendt, to trace in the language of these the different criticisms of utopia. In this sense, we observe that while Marxist thought attacks the lack of scientific rigor of utopias, the liberals discover how oppressive this genre is for individual liberties and the private world, and Arendt and post-foundationalists warn that the utopian world only is possible with the disappearance of the political.

Realistic indirect spin interactions between magnetic impurities on a metallic Pb(110) surface Rébola, Alejandro Federico; Lobos, Alejandro Martin Motivated by recent experiments, here we study the indirect interactions between magnetic impurities deposited on top of a clean Pb(110) surface, induced by the underlying conduction electrons. Our approach makes use of ab initio calculations to characterize the clean Pb(110) surface and avoids self-consistency, a feature that greatly reduces the computational cost. In combination with second-order perturbation theory in the microscopic s-d exchange parameter Jsd between a magnetic adatom and the conduction electrons, we are able to systematically derive the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya, and the anisotropic tensor interactions emerging at the Pb(110) surface between magnetic impurities. The only adjustable parameter is Jsd, which is fitted to reproduce the experiments. Our results show important anisotropy effects arising both from the rectangular geometry of the (110) unit cell and from the strong Rashba spin-orbit interaction due to the broken inversion symmetry at the Pb(110) surface. In addition to Pb(110), the characterization of the indirect spin interactions described here could be extended to other realistic metallic surfaces for weakly coupled impurities and would enable us to fabricate atomic-size nanostructures with engineered interactions and on-demand magnetic properties, anticipating useful applications in nanotechnology.

Recent studies on magnetic mesoporous nanomaterials for water treatments Ocampo, Santiago; Peralta, Marcos Emanuel; Parolo, Maria Eugenia; Carlos, Luciano En el contexto del tratamiento de aguas contaminadas, este trabajo ofrece una visión general y en profundidad de los últimos avances en diseño racional, síntesis y aplicaciones de nanomateriales magnéticos mesoporosos en la adsorción, oxidación química y reacciones de reducción centradas en la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos. Se presta especial atención a los materiales magnéticos mesoporosos a base de sílice y carbono. Finalmente, se discuten los desafíos que enfrenta la aplicación de estos materiales en sistemas de tratamiento reales.; Within the context of wastewater treatments, this review offers a general and in-depth overview of the latest advances in rational design, synthesis and applications of mesoporous magnetic nanomaterials in adsorption, chemical oxidation and reduction reactions focused on the removal of organic pollutants. Special attention is paid to magnetic mesoporous silica- and carbon-based materials. Finally, the challenges facing the application of these materials in real treatment systems are discussed.

Epidemiología, consumo de recursos y costos del manejo médico de la Hepatitis C en Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay y Venezuela; Epidemiology, Use of resources, and Costs of Medical Management of Hepatitis C in Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, and Venezuela Bardach, Ariel Esteban; Hernández Vásquez, Akram; Palacios, Alfredo; Calderón, María; Soto, Natalie; Balan, Dario; Augustovski, Federico Ariel Objective: To describe the epidemiology, the consumption of resources and the relevant costs in the management of hepatitis C in four Latin American countries: Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay and Venezuela. Study design: Bibliographic review, study of costs and elicitation by experts Methods: A literature search was carried out to collect epidemiological and cost data for the management of the disease. Information was additionally elicited with hepatologists from each country using the modified Delphi Panel technique. For the estimation of costs, the perspective of the health system was adopted. The direct medical costs of the different stages associated with the natural history of the disease were considered through micro-costing. Results: Extensive epidemiological and economic information is provided for the four countries under study. The age range between 40 and 60 years was the most affected. The frequency of genotypes showed a predominance of genotype 1 (68 to 88%), genotype 1b having been reported as the most prevalent in Argentina and Colombia and 1a in Uruguay and Venezuela. The costs of drug regimens, associated health events and adverse events present important differences in the four selected countries of Latin America. Conclusion: Hepatitis C presents a high burden of disease in the countries under study, and its management imposes significant costs on health systems.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Continuous Versus Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapies in Acute Kidney Injury: Perspective of the Social Services for the Elderly in Argentina Garay, Osvaldo Ulises; Palacios, Alfredo; Pichón-riviere, Andres; Augustovski, Federico Ariel; García Martí, Sebastián; Hernández Vásquez, Akram; López, Elena Tapia; Rosa Diez, Guillermo Javier; Bardach, Ariel Esteban Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health problem that affects millions of hospitalized patients worldwide. In Argentina, evidence suggests that its incidence has risen in recent years. When severe, AKI may require a renal replacement therapy (RRT) where continuous RRT (CRRT) and intermittent RRT (IRRT) are plausible options for patients in the intensive care unit. Objective: To evaluate the cost utility of CRRT versus IRRT for the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners, the largest social security health insurance for elders in Argentina. Methods: This was a model-based cost-utility analysis. Long-term costs and health outcomes were estimated for a hypothetical cohort with a Markov model. Parameters used were obtained from published literature and validated with local experts. Local costs were estimated and expressed in $AR of 2016. Several sensitivity analyses were run to analyze the impact of uncertainty on results. Results: Continuous RRT dominated IRRT by cumulating over the model more quality-adjusted life years and less costs. Total discounted quality-adjusted life years for both cohorts were 1049 and 1034, respectively, and total costs were $95 362 and $103 871. Cost-effectiveness (CE) results reflect these differences in favor of CRRT with a deterministic cost-saving incremental CE ratio and a probability of CRRT being CE of 65.4%, considering a CE threshold of 1 gross domestic product per capita. Conclusions: Continuous RRT for patients with AKI eligible for CRRT or IRRT would probably be a cost-effective intervention for the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners’ view. Nevertheless, there is considerable uncertainty around results, mainly due to the lack of adequate controlled studies and local data on the prognosis of these patients in Argentina.

The shift of obesity burden by socioeconomic status between 1998 and 2017 in Latin America and the Caribbean: a cross-sectional series study Jiwani, Safia S; Carrillo Larco, Rodrigo M.; Hernández Vásquez, Akram; Barrientos Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh; Basto Abreu, Ana; Gutierrez, Laura; Irazola, Vilma; Nieto Martínez, Ramfis; Nunes, Bruno P.; Parra, Diana C.; Miranda, J. Jaime Background: The burden of obesity differs by socioeconomic status. We aimed to characterise the prevalence of obesity among adult men and women in Latin America and the Caribbean by socioeconomic measures and the shifting obesity burden over time. Methods: We did a cross-sectional series analysis of obesity prevalence by socioeconomic status by use of national health surveys done between 1998 and 2017 in 13 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. We generated equiplots to display inequalities in, the primary outcome, obesity by wealth, education, and residence area. We measured obesity gaps as the difference in percentage points between the highest and lowest obesity prevalence within each socioeconomic measure, and described trends as well as changing patterns of the obesity burden over time. Findings: 479 809 adult men and women were included in the analysis. Obesity prevalence across countries has increased over time, with distinct patterns emerging by wealth and education indices. In the most recent available surveys, obesity was most prevalent among women in Mexico in 2016, and the least prevalent among women in Haiti in 2016. The largest gap between the highest and lowest obesity estimates by wealth was observed in Honduras among women (21·6 percentage point gap), and in Peru among men (22·4 percentage point gap), compared with a 3·7 percentage point gap among women in Brazil and 3·3 percentage points among men in Argentina. Urban residents consistently had a larger burden than their rural counterparts in most countries, with obesity gaps ranging from 0·1 percentage points among women in Paraguay to 15·8 percentage points among men in Peru. The trend analysis done in five countries suggests a shifting of the obesity burden across socioeconomic groups and different patterns by gender. Obesity gaps by education in Mexico have reduced over time among women, but increased among men, whereas the gap has increased among women but remains relatively constant among men in Argentina. Interpretation: The increase in obesity prevalence in the Latin American and Caribbean region has been paralleled with an unequal distribution and a shifting burden across socioeconomic groups. Anticipation of the establishment of obesity among low socioeconomic groups could provide opportunities for societal gains in primordial prevention. Funding: None.

Minería aurífera en el noroeste argentino: el caso de Timón Cruz (Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina); Gold mining in northwest argentina: the case of Timón Cruz locality (Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina) Angiorama, Carlos Ignacio; Giusta, Marco Nicolás; Becerra, María Florencia; Perez Pieroni, María Josefina Presentamos los primeros resultados de las investigaciones que estamos desarrollando en Timón Cruz, en la Puna de Jujuy, centrándonos en aquellas evidencias de instalación humana en el área que habrían estado vinculadas a la explotación aurífera. Las tareas realizadas hasta la fecha consistieron en prospecciones, recolecciones superficiales, registro arquitectónico general, análisis preliminar de los materiales recolectados y estudios de los registros escritos. El estudio de datos históricos permite afirmar que el devenir de esta localidad está marcado por el desarrollo minero de la región. Desde la arqueología, se pudieron registrar estructuras arquitectónicas dispersas o en conjuntos, con rasgos constructivos y elementos muebles asociados que permiten vincularlos a ocupaciones coloniales, junto con evidencias de extracción y procesamiento aurífero, que se encuentran dispersas en el paisaje o concentradas en el sitio Timón Cruz 2. Ciertas características constructivas y de los materiales asociados nos permiten pensar que este sitio habría sido ocupado en momentos coloniales tempranos, a diferencia de otros asentamientos de la región puneña posteriores al contacto hispano-indígena, con ocupaciones importantes a partir del siglo XVIII.; We present the first results of the ongoing research in Timón Cruz, in the Puna of Jujuy, focusing on the evidence of human installation in the area which would have been related to gold mining.The tasks performed to date include prospections, superficial recollections, general record of the architecture, preliminary analysis of collected material and study of written records. Historical data allow us to state that the history of this locality is marked by the mining development of the region. Archaeologically, we were able to register disperse or concentrated architecture, with constructive attributes and associated portable elements, that allow us to relate them to colonial occupations, alongside evidence of gold mining and processing, scattered in the landscape or concentrated in the settlement of Timón Cruz 2. Certain constructive characteristics and of the associated material allow us to consider them as part of an early colonial occupation, different from other post-hispanic contact settlements of the Puna region, which were occupied intensely since the 18th century.

Distribución espacial de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud infantil en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina); Spatial distribution of health-related quality of life in children from Tucumán (Argentina) Cordero, Maria Laura Este trabajo se propuso caracterizar la distribución espacial de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud infantil en dos departamentos con diferente índice de bienestar de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina). Específicamente, interesó determinar la prevalencia de niños y niñas con bajas apreciaciones de su calidad de vida relacionada a la salud y conocer sus manifestaciones territoriales, pormenorizando las diferencias urbano-rurales. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, exploratorio-descriptivo, transverso en 1647 escolares. Se administró el cuestionario internacional KIDSCREEN-52, que indaga la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud a partir de diez dimensiones; además, se desarrollaron índices espaciales. Los mapas temáticos permitieron detectar particularidades en los contextos estudiados. Se destacó que alrededor de la mitad de los niños/as evaluados/as se sintieron acosados/as y/o rechazados/as por sus pares, mientras que los sentimientos de tristeza comprometieron a uno de cada tres participantes. Los resultados de este trabajo identificaron y delimitaron zonas de actuación prioritarias, detectando problemáticas infantiles específicas que requieren especial atención. Finalmente, la cartografía resultante constituye un insumo susceptible de ser utilizado en el planeamiento territorial de la atención a la salud, mejora de la calidad de vida y reducción de las desigualdades.; The aim of this work was to characterize the spatial distribution of health-related quality of life in children from two departments with different welfare index in Tucumán (Argentina). Specifically, it was determined the prevalence of children with low appreciations of their health-related quality of life and their territorial manifestations, detailing urban-rural differences. An ecologi-cal, exploratory-descriptive, transverse study was carried out on 1647 schoolchildren. The KIDSCREEN-52 international questionnaire was applied, it explores ten dimensions of health-related quality of life, and also, spatial indexes were developed. The thematic maps allowed to detect particularities in the studied contexts. About half of the children evaluated felt harassed and /or rejected by their peers, while feelings of sadness compromised one in three participants. The results of this work identified and delimited priority ac-tion areas, detecting specific child problems that require special attention. Finally, the resulting cartography constitutes an input that can be used in the territorial planning of health care, improving the quality of life and reducing inequalities