Pedunculopontine nucleus gamma band activity-preconscious awareness, waking, and REM sleep Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Donofrio, Stasia M.; Luster, Brennon R.; Beck, Paige B.; Hyde, James Robert; Bisagno, Veronica; Garcia Rill, Edgar The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a major component of the reticular activating system (RAS) that regulates waking and REM sleep, states of high-frequency EEG activity. Recently,we described the presence of high threshold, voltage-dependent N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in RAS nuclei that subserve gamma band oscillations in the mesopontine PPN, intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). Cortical gamma band activity participates in sensory perception, problem solving, and memory. Rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as in the cortex, gamma band activity in the RAS may participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.That is, the RAS may play an early permissive role in volition. Our latest results suggest that (1) the manifestation of gamma band activity during waking may employ a separate intracellular pathway compared to that during REM sleep, (2) neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) protein, which is over expressed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, modulates gamma band oscillations in the PPN in a concentration-dependent manner, (3) leptin, which undergoes resistance in obesity resulting in sleep dysregulation, decreases sodium currents in PPN neurons, accounting for its normal attenuation of waking, and (4) following our discovery of electrical coupling in the RAS, we Hypothesize that there are cell clusters within the PPN that may act in concert. These results provide novel information on the mechanisms controlling high-frequency activity related to waking and REM sleep by elements of the RAS.

Simple Real-Time Digital PWM Implementation for class-D Amplifiers With Distortion-free Baseband Chierchie, Fernando; Paolini, Eduardo Emilio; Stefanazzi, Leandro; Oliva, Alejandro Raul A real-time, digital algorithm for pulse width modulation (PWM) with distortion-free baseband is developed in this paper. The algorithm not only eliminates the intrinsic baseband distortion of digital PWM but also avoids the appearance of side-band components of the carrier in the baseband even for low switching frequencies. Previous attempts to implement digital PWM with these spectral properties required several processors due to their complexity; the proposed algorithm uses only several FIR filters and a few multiplications and additions and therefore is implemented in real time on a standard DSP. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of uniform, double-edge PWM modulator via experimental measurements for several bandlimited modulating signals.

Caracterización de IgM, IgG total, IgG1 y anticuerpos de cadena pesada en calostro de llamas (Lama Glama) mediante Elisa; Characterization of IgM, total IgG, igG1 and hcabs in colostra of llamas (Lama glama) by Elisa Caggiano, Nicolás; Saccodossi, Natalia; Gentile, Maria Teresa; Chiappe Barbará, María Angelina; Leoni, Juliana; de Simone, Emilio Adrian Objetivos: determinar los niveles de IgM, IgG total y Anticuerpos de Cadena Pesada (HCAbs; por su sigla en inglés Heavy Chain Antibodies) (IgG2 e IgG3) en calostro de llamas y evaluar la concentración de HCAbs en relación a la IgG total y al isotipo convencional IgG1. Métodos: en este estudio se utilizaron 15 llamas preñadas, que fueron ordeñadas dentro de las primeras 24 horas post-parto. Se diseñaron ELISAs Sandwich para la cuantificación de IgM total, IgG total e IgG1. La concentración de HCAbs fue calculada mediante la diferencia entre IgG total e IgG1. (HCAbs =IgG total-IgG1). Resultados: los niveles encontrados fueron: IgM=17.02 mg/ml (DS=9.85) IgG total= 42.54 mg/ml (DS=27.79), IgG1=24.34 mg/ml (DS=13.96) y HCAbs (IgG total-IgG1)= 18.19 mg/ml (DS=15.49). Los resultados de IgG fueron consistentes en relación a lo descripto en otras especies con similar tipo de placentación. Los HCAbs representan el 43% de IgG calostral y la concentración de IgM presentó valores muy altos (dos y tres veces más elevados) que los descriptos en las especies con similar tipo de placentación.

Processing of plant fiber composites by liquid molding techniques: an overview Francucci, Gaston Martin; Rodriguez, Exequiel Santos Lately, researchers around the world have developed effective chemical and physical treatments on plant fibers to improve their compatibility with polymeric matrices. In addition, the need of high performance fabrics produced from plant fibers has been addressed by many manufacturers of textile reinforcements. These facts have increased the use of natural fibers in the composite industry. Liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques are suitable for mass production of high-quality composite parts. Basically, the reinforcement is compressed inside a mold and a thermosetting resin is injected to impregnate the fibers and fill the empty spaces in the mold. After the resin cures, the composite part is demolded. However, the processing of plant fiber–reinforced composites by the traditional techniques is not trivial, because the structure of plant fibers is more complex than that of synthetic fibers and due to their chemical composition rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, they are highly hydrophilic. This work presents a review on the main issues that arise during the processing of plant fiber reinforced composites by traditional liquid composite molding techniques.

Erratum to “Renal Overexpression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as Adaptive Response to a High Salt Diet” Della Penna, Silvana; Cao, Gabriel Fernando; Carranza, Andrea del Valle; Zotta, Elsa; Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz; Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Correa, Alicia Haydee; Trida, Verónica; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Roson, Maria Ines; Fernandez, Belisario Enrique The overlapping of the photos in the bottom panel of Figure 7(b) in the paper entitled “Renal overexpression of atrial natriuretic peptide and hypoxia inducible factor-1α as adaptive response to a high salt diet” is corrected as follows.

Erratum to “Renal Overexpression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as Adaptive Response to a High Salt Diet” Della Penna, Silvana; Cao, Gabriel Fernando; Carranza, Andrea; Zotta, Elsa; Gorzalczany, Susana Beatriz; Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Correa, Alicia Haydee; Trida, Verónica; Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Rosón, María Inés; Fernández, Belisario Enrique The overlapping of the photos in the bottom panel of Figure  7(b) in the paper entitled “Renal overexpression of atrial natriuretic peptide and hypoxia inducible factor-1α as adaptive response to a high salt diet” is corrected as follows.​

Measurement of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum distribution in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdinov, O.; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Sacerdoti, Sabrina; Reisin, Hernan Diego; Alconada Verzini, María Josefina; Alonso, Francisco; Anduaga, Xabier Sebastian; Arduh, Francisco Anuar; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Wahlberg, Hernan Pablo; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zurzolo, G.; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration This paper describes a measurement of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/γ∗ → e+ e− and Z/γ∗ → μ+ μ− channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1. Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/γ∗ boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/γ∗ rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.

Detection and Identification of the First Viruses in Chia (Salvia hispanica) Celli, Marcos Giovani; Perotto, Maria Cecilia; Martino, Julia Andrea; Flores, Ceferino René; Conci, Vilma Cecilia; Rodríguez Pardina, Patricia Elsa Chia (Salvia hispanica), an herbaceous plant native to Latin America, has become important in the last 20 years due to its beneficial effects on health. Here, we present the first record and identification of two viruses in chia plants. The comparison of the complete nucleotide sequences showed the presence of two viral species with the typical genome organization of bipartite New World begomovirus, identified as Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 and Tomato yellow spot virus, according to the ICTV taxonomic criteria for begomovirus classification. DNA-A from Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 exhibited 96.1% nucleotide identity with a Bolivian isolate of Sida micrantha, and Tomato yellow spot virus showed 95.3% nucleotide identity with an Argentine bean isolate. This is the first report of begomoviruses infecting chia as well as of the occurrence of Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 in Argentina.

Optimization of poly(l-lactic acid)/segmented polyurethane electrospinning process for the production of bilayered small-diameter nanofibrous tubular structures Montini Ballarin, Florencia; Caracciolo, Pablo Christian; Blotta, Eduardo Luis; Ballarin, Virginia Laura; Abraham, Gustavo Abel The present study is focused on the electrospinning process as a versatile technique to obtain nanofibrous tubular structures for potential applications in vascular tissue engineering. A bilayered scaffolding structure composed of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/bioresorbable segmented polyurethane (SPEU) blends for small-diameter (5 mm) vascular bypass grafts was obtained by multilayering electrospinning. Polymer blend ratios were chosen to mimic the media and adventitia layers. The influence of the different electrospinning parameters into the fiber formation, fiber morphology and fiber mean diameter for PLLA, SPEU and two PLLA/SPEU blends were studied. Flat and two-parallel plate collectors were used to analyze the effect of the electrostatic field on the PLLA nanofiber alignment in the rotating mandrel. Membrane topography resulted in random or aligned nanofibrous structures depending on the auxiliary collector setup used. Finally, composition, surface hydrophilicity, thermal properties and morphology of nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized and discussed. Since the development of tissue engineered microvascular prostheses is still a challenge, the prepared scaffolding tubular structures are promising candidates for vascular tissue engineering.

Reflexiones sobre la lengua en la prensa cultural argentina: el caso de la revista Nosotros (1907-1920); Reflections on Language in the Argentine Cultural Press: the Case of Nosotros (1907-1920) Sesnich, Laura Noemí El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una indagación de las distintas concepciones acerca de la lengua que convivieron en la revista Nosotros en un corpus de números que abarca desde el inicio de la publicación en 1907 hasta 1920. A partir de un primer acercamiento a la revista, vemos que los debates sobre la identidad nacional, que en muchas ocasiones tocan el tema de la lengua nacional, conviven en la revista Nosotros con cuestiones lingüísticas vinculadas a la gramática y la normativa, a la correcta transcripción al español de lenguas extranjeras, debates en torno a la presencia del griego y el latín en la enseñanza secundaria, etc. Nuestra propuesta es, entonces, ahondar en esta convivencia para intentar delinear un panorama de las preocupaciones de índole lingüística que convergen en la revista Nosotros durante esos años.; This paper analyzes the conceptions of language that coexisted in the issues of the cultural publication Nosotros from 1907 to 1920. A survey of these issues suggests that the national identity debate, often concerning the national language, was peppered with thoughts on such language matters as grammar, prescriptive policies, transcription of foreign words or the teaching of classical languages in secondary school. The purpose here is to explore this coexistence and draw an outline of the main issues about language that mattered to the people who made Nosotros in those years, showing how these language-related interventions were intertwined with the efforts to build a Latin American tradition based on the appreciation of the region’s Latin cultural heritage.

Paisajes persistentes, temporalidades múltiples y dispersión aldeana en el valle de Tafí (prov. de Tucumán, Argentina) Franco Salvi, Valeria Leticia; Salazar, Julián; Berberián, Eduardo El estudio de la construcción del paisaje aldeano del sector norte del valle de Tafí permitió reconocer las múltiples temporalidades que lo atraviesan en contraposición a planteos precedentes que lo han concebido e historizado de forma lineal y unitemporal. Esto ha posibilitado contrastar positivamente la hipótesis que sostiene que los fenómenos vinculados a la conformación de asentamientos concentrados o a la dispersión de núcleos domésticos en el valle de Tafí pueden ser explicados a partir de las prácticas llevadas adelante por personas constituidas como miembros de grupos domésticos extensos con identidades altamente segmentarias y competitivas entre sí. Los fenómenos de dispersión y concentración de asentamientos se produjeron en distintos momentos y como resultado de lógicas sociales que se mantuvieron durante un milenio, las cuales pueden constituirse como el punto de partida para entender los procesos de dispersión aldeana en escalas más amplias.; The study focused on the construction of the village landscape in the northern sector of Tafí Valley, resulting in the identiication of the multiple temporalities that cross-cut it. This contrasts with previous approaches that conceived and historicized such villages in a linear and unitemporal fashion. The following hypothesis was tested: that the concentration of settlements or scattering of household compounds in Tafí valley can be explained on the basis of the practices carried out by persons constituted as members of large domestic groups with segmentary and highly competitive identities. The dispersion and concentration of settlements occurred at different times and as a result of a social logic that persisted for almost a millennium. The study of this logic could be a starting point for understanding the processes of village dispersionat larger spatial scales.

Los acontecimientos programados como alternativa de desarrollo turístico; Os eventos como alternativa ao desenvolvimento turístico; Os eventos como alternativa para o desenvolvimento do turismo Pinassi, Andrés; Schenkel, Erica Natalia; Martín Varisto, Yanel Leonor El turismo y la recreación se visualizan como una alternativa para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de una comunidad. Ambas prácticas de ocio se consolidan como procesos socio-espaciales, que pueden traer múltiples impactos beneficiosos para los pobladores de una localidad determinada. De este modo, el impulso de acontecimientos programados en pequeños poblados busca constituir una alternativa para el desarrollo local, ante comunidades carentes de oportunidades. En el marco de actividades de extensión universitaria, se analiza el desarrollo de una fiesta popular en particular, realizada en el Sudoeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Como parte del procedimiento metodológico, se utilizan técnicas aportadas por la Teoría de Desarrollo Local, que priorizan la participación comunitaria. Dicha festividad, iniciada desde el ámbito público municipal, ha evidenciado importantes beneficios económicos y configura una valiosa alternativa de esparcimiento para los pobladores locales y de la zona de influencia.; O turismo e a recreación apresentam-se como alternativa para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural de una comunidade. Ambas as práticas de ocio se consolidam como processos socioespaciais, que poden trazer múltiplos impactos positivos para os moradores de uma determinada localidade. Deste modo, o impulso advindo de acontecimientos programados em pequenas localidades, constitui-se em uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento local em comunidades carentes de oportunidades. O artigo apresenta realização de uma festa popular, realizada no Sudoeste da Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, promovida no âmbito da extensão universitária. Como procedimientos metodológicos, utilizaram-se técnicas propostas pela Teoria do Desenvolvimento Local, que priorizam a participação comunitária. A realização da festividade significou importantes beneficios económicos e configurou-se como uma valiosa alternativa de lazer para os moradores locais e de zonas vizinhas.; O turismo e a recreação apresentam-se como alternativa para o desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural de uma comunidade. Ambas as práticas se consolidam como processos socioespaciais, que podem trazer múltiplos impactos positivos para os moradores de uma determinada localidade. Desse modo, o impulso advindo de acontecimentos programados em pequenas localidades, constitui-se em uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento local de comunidades carentes de oportunidades. O artigo apresenta a realização de uma festa popular, realizada no Sudoeste da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, promovida no âmbito da extensão universitária. Como procedimentos metodológicos, utilizaram-se técnicas propostas pela Teoria do Desenvolvimento Local, que priorizam a participação comunitária. A realização da festividade significou importante beneficio econômico e configurou-se como uma valiosa alternativa de lazer para os moradores do local e de zonas vizinhas.

Los tiempos del populismo: Devenir de una categoría polisémica; Times of Populism: The Evolution of a Polysemic Category; Os tempos do populismo: Devir de uma categoria polissêmica Melo, Julián Alberto Nuestra pretensión en este texto es, en primer lugar, rescatar elementos que han construido la imagen del populismo como categoría polisémica. En este sentido, uno de los fundamentos de esta reconstrucción es la comprensión de los modos en que dicha palabra ha funcionado como sinónimo de otras conceptualizaciones, por ejemplo, el cesarismo o el bonapartismo. Al mismo tiempo, populismo ha ido ganando cierta consideración no peyorativa, sobre todo en los escritos de Ernesto Laclau, consiguiendo sinónimos no descalificatorios como emancipación o expansión de la ciudadanía. En segundo lugar, y lejos de entrar en una discusión sobre la validez de la condena o la exculpación del populismo, intentaremos fundamentar que son justamente esa polisemia, y las cargas valorativas que la acompañan, las que han permitido la supervivencia del populismo como categoría teórica y descriptiva de las realidades políticas latinoamericanas desde mediados del siglo XX.; The objective in this paper is, firstly, to examine the elements which have contributed to the image of populism as a polysemic category. One of the bases for this reconstruction is understanding the ways in which the word 'populism' itself has functioned as a synonym for other conceptualizations, such as cesarism or bonapartism, for example. At the same time, there are examples where populism has been looked at from a less pejorative perspective, above all in the writing of Ernesto Laclau, who uses less derogatory synonyms such as 'emancipation' or 'the expansion of citizenship.' Secondly, and without entering into a discussion about the validity of the condemnation or vindication of populism, we will try to establish exactly what this polysemy is, and the respective value implications which have led to the survival of populism as a theoretical and descriptive category of political realities in Latin America since the mid-20th century.; Nossa pretensão neste texto é, em primeiro lugar, resgatar elementos que têm construído a imagem do populismo como categoria polissêmica. Nesse sentido, um dos fundamentos dessa reconstrução é a compreensão dos modos nos quais essa palavra tem funcionado como sinônimo de outros conceitos, como por exemplo, o cesarismo ou o bonapartismo. Ao mesmo tempo, o populismo vem ganhando certa consideração não pejorativa, principalmente nos textos de Ernesto Laclau, conseguindo sinônimos não desqualificatórios como emancipação ou expansão da cidadania. Em segundo lugar, e longe de entrar numa discussão sobre a validade da condenação ou a exculpação do populismo, tentaremos fundamentar o que é justamente essa polissemia, e as cargas valorativas que a acompanham, as que têm permitido a sobrevivência do populismo como categoria teórica e descritiva das entidades políticas latino-americanas desde meados do século XX.

La experiencia escolar más allá de la escuela: notas sobre un estudio de caso acerca de jóvenes y experiencia escolar Crego, Maria Laura El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo compartir una serie de resultados y reflexiones alcanzados en el desarrollo de la tesina de grado de la carrera de Licenciatura en Sociología. En ella, se abordó la pregunta acerca de cómo construyen su experiencia escolar los y las jóvenes en contextos de pobreza. A este fin se desarrolló un estudio de caso en un barrio periférico de la ciudad de La Plata en el que se optó por estrategias cualitativas. El artículo presenta los principales resultados así como las reflexiones metodológicas que la experiencia del trabajo de campo ha arrojado como puntos de llegada pero, a su vez, como puntos de partida para continuar profundizando la comprensión del campo.

Empresarios, convertibilidad y crisis. ¿Entre la dolarización y la devaluación?; Entrepreneurs, Convertibility, and Crisis: Between Dollarization and Devaluation? Salvia, Sebastian Pedro Revista indizada en: Red ALyC / Biblioteca Virtual de CLACSO / CLASE, Citas Latinoamericanas en Ciencias Sociales UNAM, México / Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) / e-Revistas, Fuente Académica / HAPI, Hispanic American Periodical Index UCLA, Estados Unidos / Informe Académico ? Thompson Gale, Estados Unidos / Latindex-Catálogo / Sociological Abstracts CSA-ProQuest, Estados Unidos / Ulrich´s Periodical Directory CSA-ProQuest, Estados Unidos. El artículo debate con el texto de Eduardo Basualdo publicado en esta revista en marzo de 2002, acerca de la crisis del régimen de Convertibilidad en Argentina. Discutimos la conceptualización de la unidad y el conflicto empresarial que este autor ubica en las privatizaciones de empresas estatales. Especialmente, ponemos en cuestión la conceptualización del conflicto empresarial como una polarización entre dos alternativas de salida de la convertibilidad: la devaluación de la moneda y la dolarización de la economía. Mostramos que la evidencia empírica a favor de esta tesis es escasa y que la unidad y el conflicto empresarial estuvieron relacionados más bien con la fortaleza o debilidad de una estrategia de acumulación.; The article debates Eduardo Basualdo’s text published in this magazine in March of 2002 regarding the crisis of the convertibility regime in Argentina. We discuss the conceptualization of business unity and conflict that this author locates in the privatizations of state companies. In particular, we question the conceptualization of business conflict as a polarization between two alternative solutions to convertibility –the devaluation of money and the dollarization of the economy. We show that the empirical evidence in favor of this thesis is scarce and that business unity and conflict were better yet related to the strength or the weakness of an accumulation strategy.

Pasiones prohibidas: lectoras, consumo y periodismo en la Argentina de 1880 Vicens, María Alrededor de 1875 comienzan a desarrollarse en la Argentina varios proyectos periodísticos que tienen a las lectoras como principales destinatarias. Publicaciones como La Ondina del Plata (1875-1880), La Alborada del Plata (1877- 1878 y 1880) y El Álbum del Hogar (1878-1880 y 1886-1887) conformaron un circuito de revistas en el que se entrecruzaban relatos literarios, ensayos de carácter moral y/o político, crónicas sociales y textos e imágenes sobre moda. Estos periódicos buscaron seducir y aleccionar a un sector emergente del público lector como el femenino, alternando discursos tradicionales con consignas y representaciones más vinculadas con un mercado de bienes de consumo en expansión. Este trabajo se propone analizar cómo estas revistas literarias para mujeres desarrollaron estrategias de negociación y censura frente al crecimiento del consumo femenino, aprovechando su atractivo comercial y arrogándose un lugar tutorial frente a los supuestos peligros y tentaciones que acechaban a las mujeres en la sociedad moderna.; Around 1875 several journalistic projects began to develop in Argentina which addressed specifically to women. Publications such as La Ondina del Plata (1875-1880), La Alborada del Plata (1877-1878 and 1880), and El Álbum del Hogar (1878- 1880 and 1886-1887) made up a circuit of magazines in which literature, moral and political essays, fashion texts and images, as well as reviews of social events intertwined. These periodicals sought to seduce and lecture an emerging sector of the reading public as women, alternating traditional discourses with slogans and representations related to an expanding consumer market. This paper analyzes how these literary women magazines developed different strategies of negotiation regarding the growth of women's consumption, using at the same time their commercial appeal and assuming a tutorial role against the alleged dangers and temptations that stalked women in modern society.

Patterns of daily and seasonal calling activity of a direct-developing frog of the subtropical Andean forests of Argentina Akmentins, Mauricio Sebastián; Pereyra, Laura Cecilia; Sanabria, Eduardo Alfredo; Vaira, Marcos Climate often regulates different aspects of the life cycle and activity of amphibians. Climatic seasonality may impose severe restrictions on breeding patterns of direct-developing terraranan frogs. We studied the influence of abiotic cues on calling activity of males of the direct-developing frog Oreobates discoidalis in the Yungas forests of north-western Argentina. Vocalization activity and daily emission pattern of the vocal repertoire were registered with a frog-logger, and climatic variables were registered with a data logger. We sampled two reproductive seasons from 2010 to 2011. We used ordinal logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between independent climatic variables and the intensity of calling activity. The calling season of males of O. discoidalis was triggered by the first rainfall of the aestival season. The species could be defined as crepuscular–nocturnal with a calling activity peak at dusk. Sporadic calling activity during day time was associated with conditions of high humidity and rainfall. Both the emission and the intensity of the advertisement call activity were influenced by time of the day, high levels of relative air humidity and presence of rainfall; air temperature was not a determinant factor in the calling activity of this frog species. Territorial calls were strongly associated with full chorus activity that could be associated with a mechanism of inter-male spacing.

Immunoreactivity of the 14F7 Mab raised against N-Glycolyl GM3 Ganglioside in retinoblastoma tumors Torbidoni, Ana Vanesa; Scursoni, Alejandra; Camarero, Sandra; Segatori, Valeria Inés; Gabri, Mariano Rolando; Alonso, Daniel Fernando; Chantada, Guillermo Luis; de Dávila, Maria Teresa Introduction The identification of molecules expressed selectively on the surface of retinoblastoma cells would allow applying targeted therapies. The Ganglioside, N-Glycolyl-GM3 (NeuGc-GM3), is an attractive candidate, as it has been detected in other paediatric neuroectodermic tumours, and it is not expressed in human normal tissues. The 14F7 antibody recognizes specifically the ganglioside NeuGc-GM3. Purpose To characterize the expression of NeuGc-GM3 in retinoblastoma cell lines and in retinoblastoma tumours using the 14F7 monoclonal antibody. Methods We studied WERI-Rb1 and Y79 cell lines, 24 retinoblastoma primary tumours from unilateral and bilateral cases and two bone marrow biopsies from metastatic retinoblastoma. Tumours were classified into three groups: non-invasive (n = 13), invasive (n = 9) and metastatic (n = 2). Three eyes enucleated because of non-tumoural conditions were used as controls. Cell lines and tumour sections were studied by immunohistochemistry using the 14F7 antibody. NeuGc-GM3 expression was evaluated by analysing the percentage of positive tumoural cells and the staining intensity. These parameters were analysed comparatively among the three groups. Results Both retinoblastoma cell lines showed immunoreactivity to NeuGc-GM3 but WERI-Rb1 presented higher intensity than Y79. All the tumours studied showed strong immunoreactivity to NeuGc-GM3 with no significant differences among groups. In both bone marrow specimens, NeuGc-GM3 immunoreactivity was observed in retinoblastoma cells. In bilaterally enucleated cases, NeuGc-GM3 immunoreactivity was not altered before and after chemotherapy. Non-tumoural retinas were negative. Conclusions NeuGc-GM3 is highly expressed in retinoblastoma cell lines, tumours and metastatic cells to the bone marrow, and it is not detectable in control eyes. There were no significant differences in the immunoreactivity to 14F7 among tumours from different disease stages. Its immunoreactivity did not change after chemotherapy.

Hierarchical Graphical Bayesian Models in Psychology; Modelos Bayesianos gráficos jerárquicos en psicología Campitelli, Guillermo Jorge; Macbeth, Guillermo Eduardo El mejoramiento de los métodos gráficos en la investigación en psicología puede promover su uso y una mejor compresión de su poder de expresión. La aplicación de modelos Bayesianos gráficos jerárquicos se ha vuelto más frecuente en la investigación en psicología. El objetivo de este trabajo es introducir sugerencias para el mejoramiento de los modelos Bayesianos gráficos jerárquicos en psicología. Este conjunto de sugerencias se apoya en la descripción y comparación entre los dos enfoques principales con el uso de notación y pictogramas de distribución. Se concluye que la combinación de los aspectos relevantes de ambos puede mejorar el uso de los modelos Bayesianos gráficos jerárquicos en psicología.; The improvement of graphical methods in psychological research can promote their use and a better comprehension of their expressive power. The application of hierarchical Bayesian graphical models has recently become more frequent in psychological research. The aim of this contribution is to introduce suggestions for the improvement of hierarchical Bayesian graphical models in psychology. This novel set of suggestions stems from the description and comparison between two main approaches concerned with the use of plate notation and distribution pictograms. It is concluded that the combination of relevant aspects of both models might improve the use of powerful hierarchical Bayesian graphical models in psychology.

Abiotic Degradation of Glyphosate into Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in the Presence of Metals Ascolani Yael, Julian Esteban; Fuhr, Javier Daniel; Bocan, Gisela Anahí; Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta; Tognalli, N.; Dos Santos Afonso, María; Martiarena, María Luz Glyphosate [N-phosphono-methylglycine (PMG)] is the most used herbicide worldwide, particularly since the development of transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main glyphosate metabolite, and it may be responsible for GR crop damage upon PMG application. PMG degradation into AMPA has hitherto been reckoned mainly as a biological process, produced by soil microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and plants. In this work, we use density functional calculations to identify the vibrational bands of PMG and AMPA in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectra experiments. SERS shows the presence of AMPA after glyphosate is deposited from aqueous solution on different metallic surfaces. AMPA is also detected in ATR–FTIR experiments when PMG interacts with metallic ions in aqueous solution. These results reveal an abiotic degradation process of glyphosate into AMPA, where metals play a crucial role.