Maternal teaching of the symbolic function of a scale model; La enseñanza materna de la función simbólica de una maqueta Jauck, Daniela Eva; Maita, María del Rosario; Mareovich, Florencia; Peralta, Olga Alicia Esta investigación explora cómo las madres naturalmente guían a sus niños en la utilización de un objeto simbólico, una maqueta. Participaron 19 parejas de madres y niños de dos años y medio de edad. El niño debía encontrar un juguete escondido en una habitación pequeña valiéndose de una maqueta que la representaba. Se encontró que las madres emplearon tres tipos de estrategias: correspondencia maqueta-habitación, experiencia de vida, y nombre de los objetos; siendo la correspondencia el camino preferido. Las madres siempre respondieron a las conductas de los niños ofreciendo un feedback al evaluar sus búsquedas tanto correctas como incorrectas. El feedback correctivo impactó en la ejecución infantil cuando la madre previamente había utilizado estrategias como correspondencia y experiencia, no así en el caso de nombre. En términos generales, los resultados ilustran cómo las madres naturalmente guían los conocimientos culturales de sus niños, estructurando la interacción de una manera particular y desplegando estrategias de enseñanza y corrección en virtud de las respuestas de los niños y de las características de la tarea.; This study explores how mothers naturally guide their children in the use of a symbolic object, a scale model. Nineteen mothers, along with their two-and-a-half-year-old children, participated. The children had to find a toy hidden in a small room by using a scale model that represented it. It was found that mothers used three kinds of strategies: model-room correspondence, life experience and the names of the objects; with correspondence being the preferred strategy. The mothers were very responsive to their children, offering feedback in order to evaluate both their correct and incorrect searches. The corrective feedback affected the children’s performance when mothers had previously used strategies like correspondence and experience, but not in the case of name. In general terms, the results illustrate how mothers naturally guide the cultural knowledge of their children, structuring the interaction in a particular way and providing teaching and correction strategies in line with the responses of their children and the characteristics of the task.

Dissimilar Effects of World News Announcements on Euro/Dollar/Yen Exchange Rates: An Econophysics Approach Matesanz Gómez, David; Ortega, Guillermo José This paper revisits the issue of the influence of macro-economic announcements over the exchange rates volatility, but from a different perspective as it is the usual in the econometric literature. By quantifying the impact of world-wide macroeconomic information published in the economic calendar in several recent years we were able to construct long events' time series with the objective to test whether they influence exchange rate volatilities in several currencies. In order to do that, Granger causality test was employed by using a computational approach. Our results show that announcements from U.S.A are, by far, the most important influence over the three spot forex quotes, Euro/Dollar, Euro/Yen and Dollar/Yen. The method proposed here opens the door to address several open questions until now.

Todo mezclado, hermanado: Antropologie in America Latina; Spunti per una rilettura delle pratiche culturali latinoamericane Annecchiarico, Milena Este trabajo propone algunas perspectivas y reflexiones sobre las teorías del mestizaje y de la transculturación, considerando los aportes actuales de las antropologías latinoamericanas. Las narrativas nacionales hacen referencia al mestizaje como característica fundamental del continente: el todo mezclado cubano, el crizol de razas argentino, la democracia racial brasileña, a partir de mezclas entre las que se consideran las ?tres raíces? de las culturas americanas: europeos, indigenas y africanos. ¿Qué dicen a tal propósito las disciplinas sociales? Con el propósito de recuperar algunas propuestas formuladas por autores latinoamericanos del siglo XX, analizo la teoría de la transculturación propuesta por el intelectual cubano Fernando Ortiz y la teoría de fagocitación o sabiduría de América del estudioso argentino Rodolfo Kush. Estas propuestas situadas permiten comprender en otros términos las estrategias de resistencia y de narraciones anti-hegemónicas a través de las performance culturales, la oralidad, las diversas filosofías políticas americanas, una perspectiva que recientemente fue reformulada por la teoría decolonial latinoamericana.

Desvalimiento psicosocial en adolescentes violentos; Violent adolescent psychosocial helplessness Cryan, Glenda Martha; Quiroga, Susana En este artículo se analiza un caso clínico de un adolescente violento que ha sido derivado a tratamiento terapéutico por una institución escolar. El objetivo es poder demostrar que los actos violentos que constituyen el motivo de consulta suelen encubrir el predominio de una alta vulnerabilidad psicosocial, que ubica a estos adolescentes en una situación de riesgo, desamparo y desvalimiento psíquico. Se exponen algunas de las principales conceptualizaciones acerca de la violencia y de la vulnerabilidad propia de la adolescencia y un modelo de abordaje terapéutico grupal específico al que denominamos Grupo de Terapia FocalizadaGTF. Se analizan diferentes viñetas del caso clínico a lo largo del GTF y se incluye una técnica gráfica (árbol genealógico) que representa la construcción mental de los vínculos intergeneracionales del paciente y un familiar directo. El análisis permitió observar que los problemas de conducta y de aprendizaje son la pantalla de situaciones traumáticas graves actuales y pasadas imposibles de ser verbalizadas en forma espontánea. La mejora sintomática permite pensar en un pronóstico positivo para este paciente que al encontrar respuesta a su demanda, pudo establecer una transferencia con la terapeuta y el grupo y quebrar así con el círculo vicioso de ser rechazado y abandonado.; In this article, a violent adolescent report who has been referred to therapeutic treatment for an educational institution is analyzed. The goal is to demonstrate that violent acts constituting the reason for consultation often conceal the predominance of high psychosocial vulnerability, which places these adolescents in a situation of risk, homelessness and mental helplessness. Some major conceptualizations about violence and the own vulnerability of adolescence and a model specific group therapeutic approach called Focalised Therapy Group- FTG are shown. Different clinical vignettes of the report along the FTG are analyzed. A graphical technique (family tree) representing the mental construction of intergenerational bonds of the patient and a family member is included. This analysis allowed to observe that behavior and learning problems are the display of current and past severe trauma events which were impossible to be verbalized spontaneously. Symptomatic improvement suggests a positive prognosis for this patient who found answer to his demand, could establish a transference to the therapist and the group and thus break the vicious cycle of being rejected and abandoned.

El mutualismo católico en Argentina: el Círculo de Obreros de Rosario en la primera mitad del siglo XX; Catholic Mutualism in Argentina: The Catholic Worker Circle of Rosario in the First Half of the 20th Century; O mutualismo católico na Argentina: o Círculo de Obreiros de Rosário na primeira metade do século XX Mauro, Diego Alejandro Las dificultades atravesadas por los Círculos Católicos de Obreros en Argentina han tendido a verse como una consecuencia de la implantación de los modelos centralizadores propiciados por Roma durante el período de entreguerras, entre ellos, la Unión Popular Católica Argentina y la Acción Católica. En el presente artículo se revisa este argumento a partir de un estudio de caso: el del Círculo de Obreros de la ciudad de Rosario. Se analizan las prestaciones de la entidad a la luz de las condiciones generales del mutualismo de entreguerras, las tendencias cambiantes en el rol del Estado y los sindicatos, y el impacto de las élites demócratas cristianas al frente de la entidad desde mediados de la década de 1910.; The difficulties experienced by Catholic Worker Circles in Argentina have tended to be seen as a consequence of the implantation of the centralizing models promoted by the Vatican during the interwar period, among them, the Unión Popular Católica Argentina and Catholic Action. The article examines this argument through a specific case study: that of the Worker Circle of the city of Rosario. The benefits provided by the entity are analyzed in the light of the general conditions of interwar mutualism, the changing tendencies in the role of the State and trade unions, and the impact of the Christian Democrat elites that headed the entity since the middle of the second decade of the 20th century.; As dificuldades pelas quais os Círculos Católicos de Obreiros na Argentina atravessaram vêm sendo vistas como uma consequência da implantação dos modelos centralizadores propiciados por Roma durante o período de entreguerras, entre eles, a União Popular Católica Argentina e a Ação Católica. No presente artigo, revisa-se esse argumento a partir de um estudo de caso: o do Círculo de Obreiros da cidade de Rosário. Analisam-se as prestações da entidade à luz das condições gerais do mutualismo de entreguerras, as tendências mutáveis no papel do Estado e dos sindicatos, e o impacto das elites democráticas cristãs à frente da entidade desde meados da década de 1910.

El régimen de las sociedades residuales previsto en la ley general de sociedades argentina Abdala, Martin Eugenio Ese cuadro de situación se modificará sustancialmente a partir de la entrada en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial Unificado y de la Ley General de Sociedades. El nuevo régimen unifica el sistema societario y crea una figura flexible aplicable a todas las sociedades que no se hubieran constituido como una sociedad regular de alguno de los tipos legislados y que, por esa razón, podemos denominar "sociedades residuales", e incluye las sociedades civiles, las atípicas, las irregulares y las de hecho. La nueva legislación mantiene el criterio de considerar que las sociedades son sujetos de derecho desde su constitución y, tomando posición en el debate referido al alcance de la personalidad jurídica de las anómalas, dispone que las sociedades residuales son personas jurídicas plenas y abroga las disposiciones que las caracterizaban como precarias y limitadas. En una decisión plausible, la Ley General de Sociedades modifica el régimen de la Ley de Sociedades Comerciales anterior y que el contrato social pueda ser invocado entre los socios y que incluso sea oponible a los terceros que conocían la existencia de la convención al tiempo de la contratación o del nacimiento de la relación obligatoria, superando de esa manera la impropia limitación que preveía la anterior redacción de la norma. También es correcta la reforma cuando dispone que las cláusulas del contrato relativas a la representación, administración, organización y gobierno de la sociedad pueden ser opuestas a los socios y a los terceros que las conocieron. Sin embargo es una notable deficiencia que la norma no prevé ninguna solución para las sociedades que no han instrumentado en modo alguno el contrato o lo hicieron de forma incompleta o precaria. La Ley de Sociedades Comerciales prevé que los socios de una sociedad anómala puede exigir, en cualquier momento, su disolución, la cual se produce salvo que la mayoría resuelva regularizar la sociedad. La Ley General de Sociedades da un paso adelante al limitar el derecho a requerir la disolución de la sociedad residual sólo para los casos en los que el contrato de sociedad no se hubiera instrumentado por escrito, el mismo no previera un plazo de duración de la sociedad, o ese plazo estuviera vencido. Pero como contracara deroga el procedimiento de regularización de la sociedad anómala y lo reemplaza por un régimen de subsanación que exige un acuerdo unánime de los socios, lo que representa un enorme retroceso en relación al régimen anterior. En materia de responsabilidad de los socios la reforma realiza una profunda modificación consagrando, en lugar de la responsabilidad solidaria e ilimitada, la responsabilidad simplemente mancomunada y por partes iguales, lo cual es también un claro retroceso con relación al régimen previsto por la Ley de Sociedades Comerciales. Por lo demás, el plausible que la reforma zanje, de forma correcta, una antigua discusión doctrinaria, estableciendo que las sociedades residuales pueden ser titulares de bienes registrables.

El diagnóstico de la demencia precoz y la esquizofrenia en Argentina, 1920-1940; The diagnose of dementia praecox and schizophrenia in Argentina, 1920-1940; O diagnóstico da demência precoce e a esquizofrenia na Argentina, 1920-1940 Golcman, Aida Alejandra En este artículo rastreamos las ideas de los psiquiatras argentinos sobre el diagnóstico de demencia precoz de Emil Kraepelin, y el de esquizofrenia de Eugen Bleuler, desde la década de 1920 hasta la década de 1940. En este período se superpusieron las producciones teóricas de ambas patologías y su uso con pacientes. Ponemos la lupa en los artículos, ya que era allí donde se plasmaba el saber teórico de estos médicos y su interpretación de las lecturas extranjeras, sobre las que se basaban sus producciones locales. Esta investigación conforma una posible puerta de entrada para entender la formación del “ojo clínico” de los psiquiatras del centro del país en las primeras décadas del siglo XX.; In this article, we trace Argentine psychiatrists' understanding of Emil Kraeplin's theory of dementia praecox and Eugene Bleuler's theory of schizophrenia, during the 1920s, 30s, and 40s. In this period, the theories and practices related to both conditions overlapped significantly. We focus on articles in psychiatric journals because they reflect the theoretical knowledge of these psychiatrists and their local interpretations of foreign texts. This research offers a novel approach to understanding the formation of the «clinical eye» of psychiatrists in the country's capital during the first decades of the twentieth century.; O presente artigo procura identificar as ideias de psiquiatras argentinos sobre o diagnóstico de demência precoce de Emil Kraepelin e de esquizofrenia de Eugen Bleuler, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. Trata-se de um período no qual se sobrepunham as produções teóricas de ambas patologias e sua utilização. Nesse sentido, focalizamos nos artigos, onde estes médicos modelaram o seu conhecimento teórico e sua interpretação de leituras estrangeiras, a partir da qual basearam suas produções locais. Esta pesquisa constitui uma possível porta de entrada para a compreensão da formação do “olhar clínico” dos psiquiatras na região central da Argentina, durante as primeiras décadas do século XX.

Mitochondrial calcium handling in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: correlation with systolic blood pressure levels Ciocci Pardo, Alejandro; Rinaldi, Gustavo Juan; Mosca, Susana Maria The aim was to study the mitochondrial Ca2+ handling of mitochondria isolated from normotensive Wistar Kyoto(WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) hearts and to establish a possible correlation with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Mitochondrial swelling after Ca2+ addition, Ca2+-retention capacity (CRC) by calcium green method, and membrane potential (ΔΨm) were assessed. SBP was 124 ± 1 (WKY) and 235 ± 6 mm Hg(SHR). CRC, Ca2+ response and ΔΨm were lower in SHR than WKY mitochondria. The conclusion is: the more depolarized state of SHR than WKY mitochondria results in an abnormal Ca2+ handling and this event is closelyassociated with the SBP.

Más allá del principio contributivo: cambios y continuidades en la política social argentina, 2003-2011 Alonso, Guillermo Victor; Di Costa Tita, Valeria Noemi El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las transformaciones producidas en las políticas sociales argentinas durante el periodo del gobierno de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) y del primer mandato de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2011). No haremos una enumeración de políticas y medidas de modo exhaustivo, pero la descripción y análisis permitirá mostrar, al considerar los programas y sistemas de cobertura poblacional más extendida, la corriente principal de la política social argentina durante estos años. En especial, analizaremos los cambios producidos en el sistema de seguridad social, y mostraremos que la estrategia que inicialmente pareció encaminada a simplemente restaurar la centralidad del seguro social contributivo sobre bases más amplias, innovó planteando rupturas significativas con la lógica del principio contributivo como ar- ticulador del sistema de protección social.

Excitation functions for the production of radionuclides by neutron-induced reactions on C, O, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Te, Pb, and U up to 180 MeV Michel, R.; Hansmann, David; Neumann, S.; Glasser, W.; Schuhmacher, H.; Dangendorf, V.; Nolte, R.; Herpers, U.; Smirnov, A.N.; Ryzhov, I.V.; Prokofiev, A.V.; Malmborg, P.; Kollár, D.; Meulders, J.-P. Irradiation experiments with well-characterized, quasi mono-energetic neutrons of energies between 32.7 MeV and 175.4 MeV were performed at UCL/Louvain-la-Neuve and TSL/Uppsala. The abundances of relatively short-lived residual radionuclides from 13 different target elements were determined by γ-spectrometry. More than 100 excitation functions of neutron-induced reactions were unfolded based on the neutron spectra and the radionuclide abundances with the aid of additional information that was provided by "guess" excitation functions calculated by the TALYS 1.0 code. The results are compared with the sparse existing data from other authors. The new excitation functions were validated by calculation of and comparison with experimental thick-target production rates. Consistency with neutron excitation functions up to 1.6 GeV, which were derived earlier by unfolding the thick-target production rates, was so demonstrated.

Insights into the mechanism of the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and peroxynitrite Cuevasanta, Ernesto; Zeida Camacho, Ari Fernando; Carballal, Sebastián; Wedmann, Rudolf; Morzan, Uriel N.; Trujillo, Madia; Radi, Rafael; Estrin, Dario Ariel; Filipovic, Milos R.; Alvarez, Beatriz Hydrogen sulfide and peroxynitrite are endogenously generated molecules that participate in biologically relevant pathways. A revision of the kinetic features of the reaction between peroxynitrite and hydrogen sulfide revealed a complex process. The rate constant of peroxynitrite decay, (6.65 ± 0.08) × 103 M-1 s-1 in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 37 °C), was affected by the concentration of buffer. Theoretical modeling suggested that, as in the case of thiols, the reaction is initiated by the nucleophilic attack of HS- on the peroxide group of ONOOH by a typical bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, yielding HSOH and NO2 -. In contrast to thiols, the reaction then proceeds to the formation of distinct products that absorb near 408 nm. Experiments in the presence of scavengers and carbon dioxide showed that free radicals are unlikely to be involved in the formation of these products. The results are consistent with product formation involving the reactive intermediate HSSH and its fast reaction with a second peroxynitrite molecule. Mass spectrometry and UV-Vis absorption spectra predictions suggest that at least one of the products is HSNO2 or its isomer HSONO.

Dendrogeomorphic reconstruction of flash floods in the Patagonian Andes Casteller, Alejandro; Stoffel, Markus; Crespo, Sebastián Andrés; Villalba, Ricardo; Corona, Christophe; Bianchi, Emilio Flash floods represent a significant natural hazard in small mountainous catchments of the Patagonian Andes and have repeatedly caused loss to life and infrastructure. At the same time, however, documentary records of past events remain fairly scarce and highly fragmentary in most cases. In this study, we therefore reconstruct the spatiotemporal patterns of past flash flood activity along the Los Cipreses torrent (Neuquén, Argentina) using dendrogeomorphic methods. Based on samples from Austrocedrus chilensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Nothofagus dombeyi, we document 21 flash flood events covering the period A.D. 1890-2009 and reconstruct mean recurrence intervals of events at the level of individual trees being impacted, which varies from 4 to 93. years. Results show that trees tend to be older (younger) in sectors of the torrent with gentler (steeper) slope gradients. Potential triggers of flash floods were analyzed using daily temperature and precipitation data from a nearby weather station. Weather conditions leading to flash floods are abundant precipitations during one to three consecutive days, combined with temperatures above the rain/snow threshold (2. °C) in the whole watershed.

La Josefina Au-Ag deposit (Patagonia, Argentina): A Jurassic epithermal deposit formed in a hot spring environment Moreira, Pilar; Fernandez, Raul Roberto The La Josefina Jurassic epithermal Au-Ag deposit located in Patagonia, Argentina, developed in an extensional setting of a back-arc environment, associated with a widespread Middle-Late Jurassic calc-alkaline volcanism. Block faulting has juxtaposed shallow level features evidenced by hot spring manifestations, hydrothermal eruption breccias and Au-rich veins, which suggest that mineralization in these veins, could extend far below the depths already tested by core drilling. Veins are filled by quartz, chalcedony, opal and minor adularia and barite with massive, comb, cockade, colloform-crustiform bandings and lattice-bladed textures. Ore minerals include electrum, Ag-rich sulfosalts (freibergite), pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and specular hematite with minor arsenopyrite, marcasite, tetrahedrite and bornite. Four mineralizing stages have been identified, the first two (S1 and S2) are Au and Ag-rich, with temperatures ranging from 225 to 290° and salinities from up to 15 wt.% in S1 decreasing to ~1 wt.% NaCl in S2. The third stage (S3) displays higher base metal contents at lower temperatures (~200 °C). Finally, the last stage (S4) is barren with temperatures lower than 100 °C. Veins are surrounded by a proximal alteration halo of quartz + pyrite ± adularia ± illite followed outwards by illite/smectite interstratified clays and smectites (with less chlorite) to a propylitic zone. Stable isotope values calculated for the fluids show a mostly meteoric origin for mineralization fluids. Such distinct features place the La Josefina deposits in a hot spring environment with evidences of being formed at a proximal position of the Jurassic paleosurface and paleowater level.

Temperature evolution of the effective magnetic anisotropy in the MnCr2O4 spinel Tobia, Dina; Milano, Julian; Causa, Maria Teresa Beatriz; Winkler, Elin Lilian In this work, we present a study of the low temperature magnetic phases of polycrystalline MnCr2O4 spinel through dc magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR). Through these experiments, we determined the main characteristic temperatures: TC ∼ 41K and TH ∼ 18K corresponding, respectively, to the ferrimagnetic order and to the low temperature helicoidal transitions. The temperature evolution of the system is described by a phenomenological approach that considers the different terms that contribute to the free energy density. Below the Curie temperature, the FMR spectra were modeled by a cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy to the second order, with K1 and K2 anisotropy constants that define the easy magnetization axis along the 〈110〉 direction. At lower temperatures, the formation of a helicoidal phase was considered by including uniaxial anisotropy axis along the [110] propagation direction of the spiral arrange, with a Ku anisotropy constant. The values obtained from the fittings at 5K are K1 = -2.3 × 104 erg cm-3, K2 = 6.4 × 104 erg cm-3 and Ku = 7.5 × 104 erg cm-3.

Unplanned pregnancies and reproductive health among women with bipolar disorder Marengo, Eliana; Martino, Diego Javier; Igoa, Ana; Scápola, María; Fassi, Guillermo; Baamonde, Mariana Urtueta; Strejilevich, Sergio Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate reproductive health and level of planning of pregnancies among women with bipolar disorder (BDW). Methods 63 euthymic women, with bipolar disorder type I, II or not otherwise specified diagnosis, were included and were matched with a control group of 63 healthy women. Demographic and clinical data, structured reproductive health measures and planning level of pregnancies were obtained and compared between groups. Results Lower level of planning of pregnancies and higher frequency of unplanned pregnancies were found among BDW. Women with bipolar disorder reported history of voluntary interruption of pregnancies more frequent than women from control group. Current reproductive health care showed no differences between groups. Limitations Data based on self-report of participants and retrospective nature of some collected measures may be affected by information bias. The pregnancy planning measure has not been validated in this population before. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample study limit generalization of these findings. Conclusions Adverse reproductive events, as unplanned pregnancies and elective interruption of pregnancies, may be more frequent among BDW. Clinician must be aware of the reproductive health during treatment of young BDW and take measures to improve better family planning access.

TacoFlow: optimizing SAT program verification using dataflow analysis Cuervo Parrino, Bruno; Galeotti, Juan Pablo; Garbervetsky, Diego David; Frias, Marcelo Fabian In previous work, we presented TACO, a tool for efficient bounded verification. TACO translates programs annotated with contracts to a SAT problem which is then solved resorting to off-the-shelf SAT-solvers. TACO may deem propositional variables used in the description of a program initial states as being unnecessary. Since the worst-case complexity of SAT (a known NP problem) depends on the number of variables, most times this allows us to obtain significant speed ups. In this article, we present TacoFlow, an improvement over TACO that uses dataflow analysis in order to also discard propositional variables that describe intermediate program states. We present an extensive empirical evaluation that considers the effect of removing those variables at different levels of abstraction, and a discussion on the benefits of the proposed approach.

Familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 mutated cav2.1 calcium channels alter inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in the lateral superior olive of mice González Inchauspe, Carlota María Fabiola; Pilati, Nadia; Di Guilmi, Mariano Nicolás; Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Ferrari, Michel D.; Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M. van den; Forsythe, Ian D.; Uchitel, Osvaldo Daniel CaV2.1 Ca2+ channels play a key role in triggering neurotransmitter release and mediating synaptic transmission. Familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 (FHM-1) is caused by missense mutations in the CACNA1A gene that encodes the α1A pore-forming subunit of CaV2.1 Ca2+ channels. We used knock-in (KI) transgenic mice harbouring the pathogenic FHM-1 mutation R192Q to study inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in the principle neurons of the lateral superior olive (LSO) in the auditory brainstem. We tested if the R192Q FHM-1 mutation differentially affects excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, disturbing the normal balance between excitation and inhibition in this nucleus. Whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure neurotransmitter elicited excitatory (EPSCs) and inhibitory (IPSCs) postsynaptic currents in wild-type (WT) and R192Q KI mice. Our results showed that the FHM-1 mutation in CaV2.1 channels has multiple effects. Evoked EPSC amplitudes were smaller whereas evoked and miniature IPSC amplitudes were larger in R192Q KI compared to WT mice. In addition, in R192Q KI mice, the release probability was enhanced compared to WT, at both inhibitory (0.53±0.02 vs. 0.44±0.01, P=2.10-5, Student's t-test) and excitatory synapses (0.60±0.03 vs. 0.45±0.02, P=4 10-6, Student's t-test). Vesicle pool size was diminished in R192Q KI mice compared to WT mice (68±6 vs 91±7, P=0.008, inhibitory; 104±13 vs 335±30, P=10-6, excitatory, Student's t-test). R192Q KI mice present enhanced short-term plasticity. Repetitive stimulation of the afferent axons caused short-term depression (STD) of E/IPSCs that recovered significantly faster in R192Q KI mice compared to WT. This supports the hypothesis of a gain-of-function of the CaV2.1 channels in R192Q KI mice, which alters the balance of excitatory/inhibitory inputs and could also have implications in the altered cortical excitability responsible for FHM pathology.

Detection of thiourea from electrorefining baths using silver nanoparticles-based sensors Pedre, Ignacio; Battaglini, Fernando; Delgado, Gladis Judith Labrada; Sánchez Loredo, María Guadalupe; González, Graciela Alicia A novel and easy-to-use colorimetric thiourea (TU) sensor based on immobilized polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) is reported. The new sensor is aimed for its direct application in copper electrorefinery baths. Quantitative analysis was carried out by adding different thiourea amounts into a synthetic bath and monitoring the absorption changes of the surface plasmon resonance band (SPRB) by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A linear correlation between the absorbance change and thiourea concentration was obtained, ranging from 0.125 mg/L to 1 mg/L. Our technique has the advantage of working in acidic and high ionic concentrated solutions as those used in electrorefinery baths. The influence of the nanoparticles synthesis conditions on the thiourea sensing was analyzed; particularly, the effect of using different silver concentrations and the same amount of borohydride ions as reducing agent ([Ag+]/[BH4 -] ratios of 2:1, 8:1, 10:1 and 20:1 during the synthesis). The proposed system provides a simple, economical, easy-to-handle and rapid measurement tool for monitoring hydrometallurgical processes for optimizing the reconditioning of thiourea solutions, reducing its environmental impact.

σ-Ideals in distributive pseudocomplemented residuated lattices Celani, Sergio Arturo In this paper we shall introduce the notion of σ- ideals in the variety of pseudocomplemented residuated lattices.We shall also give some characterizations of the stonean pseudocomplemented residuated lattices.

Feasibility study of a hybrid subcritical fission system driven by Plasma-Focus fusion neutrons Clausse, Alejandro; Soto, Leopoldo; Friedli, Carlos; Altamirano, Luis A feasibility analysis of a hybrid fusion–fission system consisting of a two-stage spherical subcritical cascade driven by a Plasma Focus device is presented. The analysis is based on the one-group neutron diffusion equation, which was appropriately cast to assess the neutronic amplification of a spherical configuration. A design chart was produced to estimate the optimum dimensions of the fissile shells required to achieve different levels of neutron amplification. It is found that cascades driven by Plasma Focus of tens of kJ are feasible. The results were corroborated by means of Monte Carlo calculations.