La brecha digital: problemas para abordar la variable socioeducativa en el estudio de la comunicación por SMS Cantamutto, Lucía Marina El presente trabajo continúa con la discusión iniciada en investigaciones anteriores sobre los problemas inherentes a la conformación de un corpus se mensajes de texto de celular (SMS) para su estudio enmarcado en la Sociolingüística, la Sociolingüística Interaccional y la Pragmática Sociocultural. En sucesivas etapas de esta investigación, las dificultades propias de la elaboración de un corpus han sido objeto de atención: las posibilidades y fidelidad de la fuente, distinción de informantes claves, pertinencia y validez de los datos; sin embargo, para el caso particular de los SMS, se han detectado nuevas limitaciones relacionadas con el tipo de soporte donde se desarrolla esta comunicación mediada tecnológicamente. En particular, aquí nos detendremos a analizar las posibilidades del investigador a la hora de estudiar este tipo de interacciones en relación a las características particulares de la inserción de tecnologías en los distintos estratos socioeducativos, atendiendo a las diferencias estructurales de la brecha digital en los estratos sociales.; This paper continues the discussion begun in previous research about the problems inherent in the creation of a corpus text messaging on mobile phones (SMS) for their study framed in Sociolinguistics, Sociolinguistics Sociocultural and Sociocultural Pragmatics. In successive stages of this research, the difficulties of the development of a corpus have been object of attention: possibilities and fidelity of source, distinction of key informants, relevance and validity of the data; however, for the particular case of SMS, we have detected new limitations related to the type of support where this technologically mediated communication develops. In particular, here we look after for analyze the possibilities of the researcher when studying this type of interactions in relation to the particular characteristics of the inclusion of technologies in the educational strata, based on the structural differences of the digital divide in the strata social.

Steady-state magnetohydrodynamic flow around an unmagnetized conducting sphere Romanelli, Norberto Julio; Gomez, Daniel Osvaldo; Bertucci, Cesar; Delva, M. The noncollisional interaction between conducting obstacles and magnetized plasma winds can be found in different scenarios, from the interaction occurring between regions inside galaxy clusters to the interaction between the solar wind and Mars, Venus, and active comets, or even the interaction between Titan and the Saturnian magnetospheric flow. These objects generate, through several current systems, perturbations in the streaming magnetic field leading to its draping around the obstacle's effective conducting surface. Recent observational results suggest that several properties associated with magnetic field draping, such as the location of the polarity reversal layer of the induced magnetotail, are affected by variations in the conditions of the streaming magnetic field. To improve our understanding of these phenomena, we perform a characterization of several magnetic field draping signatures by analytically solving an ideal problem in which a perfectly conducting magnetized plasma (with frozen-in magnetic field conditions) flows around a spherical body for various orientations of the streaming magnetic field. In particular, we compute the shift of the inverse polarity reversal layer as the orientation of the background magnetic field is changed.

Estudios palinológicos del Grupo Baqueró (Cretácico Inferior), provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. X. Polen de Gymnospermae y Apéndice Final; Palynological studies from the Baqueró Group (Lower Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. X. Pollen of Gymnospermae and final Appendix Villar, Liliana Monica; Archangelsky, Sergio Con el presente trabajo se completa el estudio palinológico de las gimnospermas halladas en la Formación Anfiteatro de Ticó, que comprende los afloramientos de la localidad homónina, y los de la Estancia Bajo Tigre. Esta formación se encuentra en la base del Grupo Baqueró, perteneciente al Aptiano de la provincia de Santa Cruz. El estudio incluye 9 géneros distribuidos en 11 especies, de los cuales 1 es género nuevo (Ticoites), 3 son nuevas especies (Araucariacites spinosus, Ephedripites acutus y Ticoites gamerroi) y 1 especie se cita por primera vez para el Cretácico Inferior de Argentina (Dilwynites granulatus Harris). Los resultados finales de esta serie confirman la existencia de una gran variedad de polen de gimnospermas, grupo que en la actualidad está casi extinto, debido a los grandes cambios climáticos ocurridos en Patagonia desde el Aptiano hasta nuestros días.; In the present paper, the palynological study of Gymnosperm pollen from the Anfiteatro de Ticó Formation is completed. The material was collected in Anfiteatro de Ticó and Estancia Bajo Tigre localities from the Santa Cruz Province. The Anfiteatro de Ticó Formation, the basal unit of the Baqueró Group, has an Aptian age. The study includes 9 genera and 11 species. One new genus (Ticoites), and three new species (Araucariacites spinosus, Ephedripites acutus and Ticoites gamerroi) are described. Also, Dilwynites granulatus Harris is cited for the first time in the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina. This paper, the final contribution of the series, indicates the presence of a wide variety of gymnosperms, a group that nowadays is almost extinct in Patagonia due to large recurrent climatic changes that have occurred since the Aptian.

Revisión de Paspalum Grupo Gardneriana (Poaceae, Paspaleae); Revision of Paspalum group Gardneriana (Poaceae, Paspaleae) Nicola, Marcela Viviana; Salomón, Luciana; Zuloaga, Fernando Omar; Morrone, Osvaldo El presente tratamiento incluye una revision taxonómica de las especies de Paspalum grupo Gard-neriana. Dentro de este grupo se consideran siete especies, caracterizadas por incluir plantas anuales o perennes, con espiguillas usualmente obovoides, gluma superior ausente o reducida y antecio superior endurecido y marcadamente papiloso, con papilas verrugosas en toda su superficie. Se incluye una clave de las especies, descripciones, ilustraciones y fotos de los antecios, junto con un análisis de la relación del grupo dentro del género Paspalum. Se consideran dentro del grupo las siguientes especies: Paspalum burchellii, P. delicatum, P. gardnerianum, P. nudatum, P. pictum, P. reduncum y P. subsesquiglume. Se designan lectotipos para P. burchellii, P. connectens, P. reduncum y P. subsesquiglume; P. gemmosum es sinónimo de P. subsesquiglume.; Species of Paspalum group Gardneriana are revised as a whole for the first time. Seven species are treated in this work, being the group characterized by including annual or perennial species, with spikelets usually obovoid, upper glume absent or reduced, and upper anthecium indurate and strongly papillose, with verrucose papillae all over its surface. A key to the species is provided, together with a discussion of previous infrageneric classifications and relationships of Gardneriana; morphological descriptions, and illustrations of all species are also presented. The following species are included in Paspalum group Gardneriana: Paspalum burchellii, P. delicatum, P. gardnerianum, P. nudatum, P. pictum, P. reduncum, and P. subsesquiglume. Also, lectotypes are designated for P. burchellii, P. connectens, P. reduncum and P. subsesquiglume; P. gemmosum is defined as a new synonym of P. subsesquiglume.

Records of Puma concolor in the Carcarañá basin, south of the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Registros de puma concolor en la cuenca del río Carcarañá, sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina Rimoldi, Pablo Guillermo; Noriega, Jorge Ignacio; Sione, Walter Fabian Nine records of Puma concolor from southern Santa Fe Province (Argentina) are reported in the present contribution, being its relationships to environmental variables analyzed. The study area is located at the Carcarañá basin of the Pampean region, one the most modified wild ecosystems of the world. Among the four environmental units sampled, Puma concolor was reported at the halophilic communities of espartillar. Its presence could be indicative of a reoccupying process of areas where the species would have previously disappeared. The relative species abundance was of 0.37 traits per km. Concerning the environmental variables analyzed, it can be remarked that all the records have been related to water bodies in areas dominated by Spartina spartinae and at long distances from important routes and cities. This fact seems to be related to the pressure that the urbanization have on the species.; En el presente trabajo se reportan nueve registros de Puma concolor para el sur de la provincia de Santa fe (Argentina) y se los relaciona con algunas variables ambientales. La zona de estudio está ubicada en la cuenca del río Carcarañá, dentro de la región pampeana, considerada uno de los ecosistemas naturales más modificados del mundo. Puma concolor fue registrado en las comunidades halófilas del tipo espartillar, una de las cuatro unidades ambientales muestreadas. Su presencia podría estar indicando un proceso de reocupación de territorios por parte de la especie en un área de donde habría estado desaparecida. La abundancia relativa para la especie fue de 0,37 rastros/km. Con respecto a las variables ambientales estudiadas, se puede destacar que la totalidad de los registros se presentaron asociados a cuerpos de agua en zonas con predominio de Spartina spartinae y a distancias importantes de rutas y poblados, situación que podría ser indicativa de la presión que sufre esta especie por la urbanización.

Universal wave functions structure in mixed systems Wisniacki, Diego Ariel When a regular classical system is perturbed, nonlinear resonances appear as prescribed by the KAM and Poincar`e-Birkhoff theorems. Manifestations of this classical phenomena to the morphologies of quantum wave functions are studied in this letter. We reveal a systematic formation of a universal structure of localized wave functions in systems with mixed classical dynamics. Unperturbed states that live around invariant tori are mixed when they collide in an avoided crossing if their quantum numbers differ in a multiple of the order of the classical resonance. At the avoided crossing eigenstates are localized in the island chain or in the vicinity of the unstable periodic orbit corresponding to the resonance. The difference of the quantum numbers determines the excitation of the localized states which is revealed using the zeros of the Husimi distribution.

Implicancias del cambio climático sobre el rendimiento de los cereales de invierno en la Región Pampeana Miralles, Daniel Julio; García, Guillermo Ariel Las diferentes modificaciones que experimenta y experimentará el clima global, entre las que se pueden destacar aumentos de la temperatura, incremento de la concentración de CO2, alteración de los patrones de lluvias y de la cantidad de radiación fotosintéticamente activa, tiene y tendrá consecuencias tanto ambientales como socio-económicas. Este es un problema sumamente complejo y como tal requiere de trabajo interdisciplinario para encontrar soluciones. En este artículo nos centramos en dos de los factores más relevantes para la producción agrícola, temperatura y precipitación.

Convocados y voluntarios de la Argentina en la Gran Guerra Otero, Hernan Gustavo La Gran Guerra europea de 1914-1918 tuvo numerosas repercusiones en la Argentina, cuyo recuerdo y análisis han revivido en este año en que se cumple un siglo del comienzo del conflicto. Entre esas repercusiones,que están aún en la memoria familiar de muchos argentinos, se cuentan las relacionadas con la participación en la guerra de ciudadanos de los países beligerantes emigrados a la Argentina, la de argentinos nativos descendientes de ellos y los conflictos creados por la obligación de ambos grupos de tomar las armas establecida por las leyes de países como Francia.

Activity of digestive enzymes in chicken's small intestine and caeca: Effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate content Ciminari, María E.; Caviedes Vidal, Enrique Juan Raul; Chediack, Juan Gabriel Digestion is a mediating factor between the animals and their environment, one of the variables related to the efficiency in extracting energy from nutrients is rate of hydrolysis. Phylogenetical and functional hypothesis has been proposed linking dietary flexibility and enzyme lability. Species belong to Parvclass Galloanserae, studied until now, did not modulate aminopeptidase-N activity but they did modulate disaccharidases activities. Additionally, peptide hydrolysis has been demonstrated in avian caeca, but not in chickens. Finally, dietary proteins are essential for chicken growth in the first stages of development, but little information is available in chickens beyond 42 days of life. Chickens beyond that age were fed for 15 days either a high protein (DHP = 49.72% protein and 11.92% carbohydrates) or a high starch diet (DHS = 52.82% carbohydrates and 10.49% protein). Aminopeptidase-N, maltase and sucrase, were assessed in chicken’s small intestines and caeca. Body mass of DHP birds was 37.5% higher than body mass of DHS birds, at the end of the trial. Aminopeptidase-N and sucrase did not change, but maltase exhibited higher activity in DHS than in DHP birds. The lack of aminopeptidase-N modulation and its relatively high activity in caeca, together with a modulation of maltase, contribute and give apparent support to the functional hypothesis. Surprisingly, a high quantity of protein resulted important for growth in chickens after 42 days of life. Also it is important to notice that a casein diet has been demonstrated as a high digestible meal for chickens, so the last data may be of interest for poultry industry.

Distribution and effects of tree leaf litter on vegetation composition and biomass in a forest-grassland ecotone Loydi, Alejandro; Lohse, Kerstin; Otte, Annette; Donath, Tobias W.; Eckstein, R. Lutz Aims: After abandonment of grasslands, secondary succession leads to the invasion by woody species. This process begins with the accumulation of tree litter in the forest–grassland ecotone. Our objectives were to determine the relationships between litter amounts and vegetation composition and cover along natural forest–grassland ecotones and to experimentally study the initial effects of tree litter accumulation on grassland vegetation and on microsite conditions. Methods: We established 11 transects varying from 12 to 15 m in length in different forest–grassland ecotones in the Lahn-Dill highlands, Germany, and measured the mass and cover of tree litter and the cover and composition of vegetation at five sequential positions along each transect by using 1 m2 plots with five replications. In a field experiment, we established plots subjected to different litter amounts (0, 200 and 600g m−2) and evaluated changes in grassland vegetation, soil temperature and soil nutrient availability below the litter layer. Important Findings: Tree litter amounts decrease from 650 to 65g m−2 across the forest–grassland ecotone. Vegetation changed from shrubs and annual species (adapted to more stressful conditions) in the forests edge to grasses, rosettes and hemirosette species (with higher competitive abilities) in the grassland. These anthropogenic forest–grassland ecotones showed abrupt edges, and the two adjacent ecosystems were characterized by different species pools and functional groups. In the field experiment, the presence of a litter layer reduced vegetation biomass and cover; the species richness was only reduced in the treatment with high litter (600g m−2). Additionally, adding litter on top of vegetation also reduced thermal amplitude and the number of frost days, while increasing the availability of some nutrients, such as nitrogen and aluminium, the latter being an indicator of soil acidification. Adding a tree litter layer of 600g m−2 in grassland areas had strong effects on the composition and diversity of grassland vegetation by reducing the cover of several key grassland species. In, or near, forest edges, litter accumulation rapidly changes established vegetation, microsite conditions and soil nutrients.

Estilos de aprendizaje, perfiles de formación académica y nivel de estudio de estudiantes universitarios argentinos.; Learning Styles, Academic Profiles and Level of Study of Argentinean Students at University Moscoloni, Nora Ana Maria; Ventura, Ana Clara El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los estilos de aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios según el campo epistémico y ciclo de formación académica. Se aplicó el Inventario de Estilo de Aprendizaje© a 212 estudiantes matriculados de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina): 107 estudiantes de Psicología y 105 estudiantes de Ingeniería. El formato de trabajo fue individual, anónimo y auto-administrado en versión papel. Los resultados confirman la existencia de preferencias cognitivas relativamente estables de los estudiantes así como muestran que el tipo de carrera y el ciclo de estudios son factores que inciden en la variabilidad de los estilos. En este sentido, a medida que los estudiantes adquirieron mayores grados de formación, lograron mayores grados de diferenciación interdisciplinar y mayores grados de consolidación intradisciplinar. Se plantea que la identificación de estas modalidades cognitivas típicas permite el diseño de estrategias de enseñanza que estimulen y faciliten la alfabetización académica.; The aim of this study was to compare learning styles of Argentinean university students by field epistemic and academic cycle. We applied the Index of Learning Styles® to 212 undergraduate students at the Rosario National University (Argentina): 107 students of engineering and 105 students of psychology. The format work was individual, anonymous and self-administered on paper. Results confirm the existence of cognitive preferences relatively stable of students and it show that type of discipline and level of study are factors that affect the variability of styles. Hence, learning styles of students showed a greater degree of consolidation at the intradisciplinar level and greater differentiation at the interdisciplinar level in the upper levels of training. We propose that the identification of these typically cognitive patterns allow the design of teaching strategies that encourage and facilitate academic literacy.

Neo y paleoornitología virtual Tambussi, Claudia Patricia; Degrange, Federico Javier; Tirao, German Alfredo La visualización y análisis de los fósiles asistido por computadoras ha revolucionado el estudio de los organismos extintos. Técnicas novedosas permiten caracterizar los restos en tres dimensiones y acceder a detalles sin precedentes. Esto ha permitido a los paleontólogos ganar importantes conocimientos sobre la anatomía, el desarrollo, la función y hasta la conservación. Las reconstrucciones digitales se pueden utilizar en análisis funcionales y en la puesta a prueba rigurosa de hipótesis sobre la paleobiología de los organismos extintos. Estos enfoques están transformando nuestra comprensión de la vida en el pasado y también de los organismos vivientes en general. El empleo de técnicas no invasivas permite la captura de grandes cantidades de datos útiles sin dañar los especímenes que se están estudiando. Debido a que los datos digitales se pueden compartir de forma instantánea y global, equipos de científicos pueden trabajar en paralelo, acelerando el ritmo de las investigaciones. En este trabajo se ejemplifican casos en los cuales a partir de modelos virtuales se pueden abordar problemas morfológicos en aves.; Visualization and analysis of fossils assisted by computers have revolutionized the study of extinct organisms. Innovative techniques allow to characterize the remains in three dimensions with unprecedented detail, allowing paleontologists to gain important knowledge about anatomy, development, function and even conservation. Digital reconstructions can be used in functional analysis and rigorous testing of hypotheses on the paleobiology of extinct organisms. These approaches are transforming our understanding about life in the past and also of living organisms in general. The use of noninvasive techniques enables capturing large amounts of data without damaging the specimens under study. As digital data can be shared instantly and globally, teams of scientists can work in parallel, accelerating research time. In this paper, cases in which virtual models were used to assess morphological problems are shown.

Expeditious photochemical reaction towards the preparation of substituted chroman-4-ones Iguchi, Daniela; Erra Balsells, Rosa; Bonesi, Sergio Mauricio A facile photochemical preparation of 5-, 6- and 7-substituted chroman-4-ones from aryl 3-methyl-2-butenoate esters is described. The two-phase base-catalyzed method relies upon two consecutive processes in one-pot reaction through a photo-Fries rearrangement and a based-catalyzed intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to afford the desired products.

Analytical characterization and purification of a commercial extract of enzymes: a case study Llerena Suster, Carlos Rafael; Briand, Laura Estefania; Morcelle del Valle, Susana Raquel This paper presents a rational strategy to identify and quantify the components of a commercial extract of the lipase B of Candida antarctica that can be extended to the analytical investigation of other crude extracts of enzymes. These information provided the fundamental knowledge for the development of a methodology to obtain highly pure and catalytically active CALB enzyme. The commercial extract Lipozyme® was subjected to a series of analytical techniques that allowed determining the presence of a non-soluble fraction; nucleic acids; benzoate and sorbate species and a mixture of three proteins. Particularly, it is worth noticing that the Bradford assay using CALB as standard instead of BSA proved to be a more reliable and accurate methodology to quantify the protein content of the assayed enzymatic samples. Size exclusion chromatography coupled with anionic exchange chromatography using a non conventional, easy to remove buffer system such as ammonia-ammonium acetate afforded a sample that retains 47% of the proteins (being CALB the only enzymatic component of the purified sample) with an hydrolytic activity higher than the crude extract.

Seedling response of Nothofagus species to N and P: linking plant architecture to N/P ratio and resorption proficiency Agüero, Mariana; Puntieri, Javier Guido; Mazzarino, Maria Julia; Grosfeld, Javier Edgardo; Barroetaveña, Carolina Previous studies on mature forests of NW Argentinean Patagonia indicated that N is the main growth-limiting nutrient in most dominant tree species, while P limitation is uncommon, despite the soils’ volcanic origin. This pattern was inferred from leaf N/P ratios and resorption proficiencies, but has not been experimentally tested. We conducted a greenhouse trial with seedlings of two deciduous species of high timber quality, Nothofagus nervosa and N. obliqua, and soils characteristic of each species. Seedlings were fertilized with three levels of N (100, 200 and 400 mg kg−1 soil) with or without the concurrent application of a single P dose (60 mg kg−1 soil) during their second growing season. Response variables were morphological descriptors of shoot and root growth, N and P concentrations in green and senescent leaves and ectomycorrhizal infection. Both species were primarily limited by N: the addition of N resulted in higher shoot and root masses, an increased number of nodes, taller stems and greater basal and root diameters, while no effect of P was found. N/P ratios in green leaves and N and P resorption proficiencies indicate that with increased N availability P can become a secondary-limiting nutrient for N. nervosa. This was accompanied by the maintenance of ectomycorrhizal infection and mass allocation to roots in this species. The steep growth response of N. obliqua to N addition may signal a strong competitive capacity of this species when growing in soils of high N availability.

Strong temporal consistency in the individual foraging behaviour of Imperial Shags Phalacrocorax atriceps Harris, Sabrina; Raya Rey, Andrea Nélida; Zavalaga, Carlos; Quintana, Flavio Roberto Individual consistency in foraging behaviour can generate behavioural variability within populations and may, ultimately, lead to species diversification. However, individual-based long-term behavioural studies are particularly scarce in seabird species. Between 2008 and 2011, breeding Imperial Shags Phalacrocorax atriceps at the Punta León colony, Argentina, were tracked with GPS devices to evaluate behavioural consistency during their foraging trips. Within a breeding season, individuals were highly consistent in the maximum distances they reached from the shore and the colony, as well as in the time invested in flight and diving across consecutive days during early chick rearing. In addition, each individual had its specific foraging area distinct from the foraging area of other individuals. Comparing between early and late chick rearing in the same season, individuals were consistent, to a lesser degree, in the maximum distance they reached from the colony and the shore, increasing in consistency later on in the season. Within the season, females were more consistent than males in the maximum distance they moved from the colony and the shore, the sexes segregated in their foraging areas and individual females were segregated from one another. Twenty-eight individuals tracked in different breeding seasons were marginally consistent in their trip durations and maximum distance reached from shore across seasons. Among seasons, foraging locations differed between sexes and among individual females. Individuals from this colony exhibited consistency over time in several aspects of foraging behaviour, which may be due to a combination of individual characteristics such as learning abilities, breeding experience or health, as well as targeted prey type and stability of the environment at this location.

Antitumoral, Antihypertensive, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Effects of an Octanuclear Copper(II)-Telmisartan Complex with an Hydrophobic Nanometer Hole Islas, María Soledad; Martínez Medina, Juan José; López Tévez, Libertad Leonor; Rojo, Teófilo; Lezama, Luis; Griera Merino, Mercedes; Calleros, Laura; Cortés, María Alicia; Rodriguez Puyol, Manuel; Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto; Piro, Oscar Enrique; Ferrer, Evelina Gloria; Williams, Patricia Ana María A new Cu(II) complex with the antihypertensive drug telmisartan, [Cu8Tlm16].24H2O (CuTlm), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and electronic, FTIR, Raman and EPR spectroscopy. The crystal structure (at 120 K) was solved by X-ray diffraction methods. The octanuclear complex is a hydrate of but otherwise isostructural to the previously reported [Cu8Tlm16] complex. [Cu8Tlm16].24H2O crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/ncc space group with a=b=47.335(1), c=30.894(3) Å, Z=4 molecules per unit cell giving a macro-cyclic ring with a double helical structure. The Cu(II) ions are in a distorted bi-pyramidal environment with a somewhat twisted square basis, cis-coordinated at their core N2O2 basis to two carboxylate oxygen and to two terminal benzimidazole nitrogen atoms. Cu8Tlm16 has a toroidal-like shape with a hydrophobic nanometer hole and their crystal packing defines nano-channels that extend along the crystal c-axis. Several biological activities of the complex and the parent ligand were examined in vitro. The antioxidant measurements indicate that the complex behaves as a superoxide dismutase mimics with improved superoxide scavenger power as compared with native sartan. The capacity of telmisartan and its copper complex to expand human mesangial cells (previously contracted by angiotensin II treatment) is similar to each other. The antihypertensive effect of the compounds is attributed to the strongest binding affinity to angiotensin II type 1 receptor and not to the antioxidant effects. The cytotoxic activity of the complex and that of its components was determined against lung cancer cell line A549 and three prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3 and DU 145). The complex displays some inhibitory effect on the A549 line and a high viability decrease on the LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) line. From flow cytometric analysis it was established an apoptotic mechanism for the latter cell line. Telmisartan and CuTlm show antibacterial and antifungal activities in various strains and CuTlm displays improved activity against the Stafilococcus aureus strain as compared with unbounded copper(II).

BIOFRAG: A new database for analysing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation Pfeifer, Marion; Lefebvre, Veronique; Gardner, Toby A.; Arroyo Rodríguez, Víctor; Baeten, Lander; Banks Leite, Cristina; Barlow, Jos; Betts, Matthew G.; Brunet, Joerg; Cerezo Blandón, Alexis Mauricio; Cisneros, Laura M.; Collard, Stuart; D´Cruze, Neil; Da Silva Motta, Catarina; Duguay, Stephanie; Eggermont, Hilde; Eigenbrod, Félix; Hadley, Adam S.; Hanson, Thor R.; Hawes, Joseph E.; Heartsill Scalley, Tamara; Klingbeil, Brian T.; Kolb, Annette; Kormann, Urs; Kumar, Sunil; Lachat, Thibault; Lakeman Fraser, Poppy; Lantschner, María Victoria; Laurance, William F.; Leal, Inara R.; Lens, Luc; Marsh, Charles J.; Medina Rangel, Guido F.; Melles, Stephanie; Mezger, Dirk; Oldekop, Johan A.; Overal , Williams L.; Owen, Charlotte; Peres, Carlos A.; Phalan, Ben; Pidgeon, Anna Michle; Pilia, Oriana; Possingham, Hugh P.; Possingham, Max L.; Raheem, Dinarzarde C.; Ribeiro, Danilo B.; Ribeiro Neto, Jose D.; Robinson, Douglas W.; Robinson, Richard; Rytwinski, Trina; Scherber, Christoph; Slade, Eleanor M.; Somarriba, Eduardo; Stouffer, Philip C.; Struebig, Matthew J.; Tylianakis, Jason M.; Teja, Tscharntke; Tyre, Andrew J.; Urbina Cardona, Jose N.; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.; Wearn, Oliver; Wells, Konstans; Willig, Michael R.; Wood, Eric; Young, Richard P.; Bradley, Andrew V.; Ewers, Robert M. Habitat fragmentation studies are producing inconsistent and complex results across which it is nearly impossible to synthesise. Consistent analytical techniques can be applied to primary datasets, if stored in a flexible database that allows simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. Method: We developed a relational database linking data collected in the field to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes and further environmental variables (e.g. information on biogeographic region. Typical field assessments include measures of biological variables (e.g. presence, abundance, ground cover) of one species or a set of species linked to a set of plots in fragments of a forested landscape. Conclusion: The database currently holds records of 5792 unique species sampled in 52 landscapes in six of eight biogeographic regions: mammals 173, birds 1101, herpetofauna 284, insects 2317, other arthropods: 48, plants 1804, snails 65. Most species are found in one or two landscapes, but some are found in four. Using the huge amount of primary data on biodiversity response to fragmentation becomes increasingly important as anthropogenic pressures from high population growth and land demands are increasing. This database can be queried to extract data for subsequent analyses of the biological response to forest fragmentation with new metrics that can integrate across the components of fragmented landscapes. Meta-analyses of findings based on consistent methods and metrics will be able to generalise over studies allowing inter-comparisons for unified answers. The database can thus help researchers in providing findings for analyses of trade-offs between land use benefits and impacts on biodiversity and to track performance of management for biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes.

Violencia y materialidad de la ficción. (Sobre la recepción de Django Unchained) Pachilla, Pablo Nicolás En este artículo se discuten los conceptos de "estetización de la violencia" y "glorificación de la violencia" a propósito de Django Unchained de Quentin Tarantino. Se apunta al carácter metaficcional de los films de dicho director, en los cuales el espectador se ve confrontado a sus propias fantasías sádicas, y se procura desligar la violencia presente en ellas de la noción de justicia, contraponiéndola de este modo a la muchedumbre de películas en las que el protagonista "apela al cielo", al decir lockeano, para hacer justicia por mano propia. Se contrastan asimismo dos tipos de violencia: aquella propia de la esclavitud, por un lado, y lo que el director llama "movie violence", por el otro.

¿Es realmente valiosa la igualdad política? Garcia Valverde, Facundo el objetivo de este artículo es defender el valor normativo de un principio de igualdad de oportunidades para influir políticamente en contra de un principio que las distribuya de manera desigual pero beneficiando a los peor situados. Para ello, se muestra que la influencia política es un bien de un tipo especial que permite rechazar la objeción de la nivelación hacia abajo y que la igualdad política, aunque pueda ser derrotada por consideraciones epistémicas, es absolutamente necesaria para criticar aspectos inequitativos de una distribución desigual.; el objetivo de este artículo es defender el valor normativo de un principio de igualdad de oportunidades para influir políticamente en contra de un principio que las distribuya de manera desigual pero beneficiando a los peor situados. Para ello, se muestra que la influencia política es un bien de un tipo especial que permite rechazar la objeción de la nivelación hacia abajo y que la igualdad política, aunque pueda ser derrotada por consideraciones epistémicas, es absolutamente necesaria para criticar aspectos inequitativos de una distribución desigual.