Los usos de la red social Facebook en las bibliotecas de institutos y centros de investigación en Argentina; The use of Facebook social network in libraries from research centers and institutions in Argentina Laudano, Claudia Nora; Corda, María Cecilia; Planas, Javier Armando; Kessler, María Inés El presente artículo analiza la adopción y los principales usos de la plataforma Facebook por parte de las bibliotecas de los centros e institutos de investigación en Argentina. Luego de una revisión bibliográfica sobre la temática, se exponen los procedimientos metodológicos empleados para identificar, en primer lugar, las instituciones que cuentan con esta herramienta de comunicación en la actualidad y, en segundo término, los usos que se hace de ella a partir de una serie de variables, entre las que caben consignar: el momento de inicio, los vínculos con otros medios de comunicación administrados por la institución (webs y redes sociales), el número de seguidores, el empleo de las imágenes, la frecuencia y el tipo de posteos y, por último, la cantidad y la calidad de los comentarios. En los resultados se trabaja la información recabada procurando un análisis cuantitativo y otro cualitativo en la construcción de un panorama global. En las conclusiones se destaca que el escaso número de bibliotecas que adoptaron Facebook impide proyectar las afirmaciones más allá de los casos. No obstante, se detectaron aspectos vinculados con las dinámicas de apropiación que pueden ser utilizados para pensar otras circunstancias. Entre ellos se distingue, de un lado, la diversidad de situaciones en relación a la construcción de una estrategia comunicacional definida por la periodicidad y calidad de las publicaciones; de otro, la funcionalidad que en general adquiere Facebook como medio de difusión, en lugar de explotarse como un espacio de intercambio y construcción colectiva; This paper analyzes the adoption and main use of the Facebook platform by libraries from research centers and institutes in Argentina. After a bibliographic review on the subject, the methodological procedures employed are discussed in order to identify, firstly, the institutions that presently has this communication tool, and secondly, the use of it according to a series of variables, among which the following may be mentioned: the initial moment, the links with other communication media managed by the institution (websites and social networks), the number of followers, the use of images, the frequency and type of posts, and finally, the quantity and quality of the comments. In the results, the information gathered is studied to obtain a quantitative and qualitative analysis, in order to construct a global scene. In the conclusions, the little number of libraries that has adopted Facebook prevents the projection of any statement beyond the cases. However, those detected aspects related to the appropriation dynamics can be used to think other circumstances. Among them are, on one hand, the diversity of situations related to the construction of a communication strategy defined by the frequency and quality of the publications; on the other hand, the functionality that usually acquires Facebook as a dissemination media, rather than exploits it as a space for exchange and collective construction.

Apuntes sobre imágenes de la Edad Media y nuestros modos de encararla Magnavacca, Silvia Alicia Sobre la base de lo escrito en diversas obras por medievalistas de la talla de Le Goff y de Umberto Eco, esta exposición se propone, en primer lugar, asumir esos tratamientos sobre las diversas imágenes y/o nociones que se tienen de la Edad Media releyéndolas, sobre todo, en la realidad de nuestro contexto inmediato. Así, por ejemplo, se diseñan a grandes trazos la imagen romántica de la Edad Media, la heroica, etc. En una segunda parte, se esboza una apreciación personal acerca de los distintos modos o estilos de abordar, desde la Filosofía, los períodos medievales según la imagen o noción de Medioevo que se sustente.

Afrodescendientes en la Argentina: Enigmas, cegueras y mitos nacionales Annecchiarico, Milena El censo nacional de población de 2010 incluyó la categoría ‘afrodescendiente’, en coincidencia con modernas tendencias mundiales que reconocen la complejidad de las sociedades multiétnicas. Ante las 150.000 personas que se reconocieron en esa categoría según los datos oficiales, ¿es cierto que en la Argentina no hay negros? ¿O solo no se los ve?

Language dispute and social change in new multilingual institutions in Chaco (Argentina) Unamuno, Virginia Intercultural bilingual education (IBE) programmes in Latin America pose interesting questions for sociolinguistics, since their implementation interrogates the link between language and the nation resulting from the emergence of nation-states, but also from processes of decolonization. In the case of Argentina, a new legal framework and the recent implementation of new public policies at national and provincial levels have caused key social and linguistic transformations in educational institutions in indigenous contexts. This paper aims to show some current transformations in multilingual management in Chaco?s educational institutions. To do this, I consider the case of public schools, traditionally monolingual in Spanish, to which new actors are incorporated, i.e. Wichi bilingual teachers. Their presence at school and their linguistic practices illustrate the tensions between different language ideologies that coexist today in the Argentinean educational system. As I try to show, bilingualism -as an ideological sign and as symbolic capital- and bilingual practices constitute a contested terrain that can be explored through an ethnographic sociolinguistic approach.

Las nociones de Estado y acumulación en el estructuralismo y el neoestructuralismo latinoamericanos: elementos para una crítica Grigera, Juan Francisco En el contexto de crisis del pensamiento liberal resulta de interés y relevancia revisar algunas de las concepciones de las corrientes de pensamiento que se proponen como sus alternativas, particularmente en América Latina el estructuralismo y el neoestructuralismo. La primera parte de este artículo resume las propuestas del estructuralismo, identificando sus principales contribuciones y contextualizando la crítica posterior. La segunda parte establece que en el estructuralismo latinoamericano subyace una concepción instrumentalista (implícita) del Estado. En la tercera parte, se abordan las similitudes y diferencias entre estructuralismo y neoestructuralismo, para demostrar que ambas corrientes presentan un concepto similar de"Estado fuerte" que reafirma la visión neoliberal en lugar de criticarla. La cuarta parte aborda un análisis de la (más explícita) teorización estructuralista sobre la acumulación de capital, en otras palabras el modelo de desarrollo de la escuela. Por último, se aborda la noción actualizada de los neoestructuralistas sobre la acumulación de capital, bajo el concepto de"transformaciones productivas con equidad".; The current context of crisis in neoliberal thought and policies calls for a revision of theoretical basis of the different schools of economic thought that present themselves as alternatives. In this competition for the hearts and minds of economists in Latin America, the structuralist and neo-structuralist tradition are particularly relevant. Thus, the first section of this paper summarises structuralist proposals, identifying their main contributions and contextualizing the criticism that followed. The second section establishes that ECLAC’s structuralism is underpinned by an (implicit) instrumentalist conception of the state. The third section compares neo-structuralism to structuralism, arguing that they put forward a similar concept of a ‘strong state,’ which reinforces rather than criticizes the neoliberal view. The fourth section deals with the assessment of the structuralists’ (more explicit) theorising of capital accumulation, which can be traced to the school’s model of development.

Descripción externa e introspección subjetiva en la Vida de Nicias de Plutarco Sapere, Analía Verónica El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el análisis de la Vida de Nicias escrita por Plutarco. El biógrafo parece seguir de cerca el texto de Tucídides y otorgarle a Nicias las características de un héroe menor, débil y aferrado a vanas supersticiones. Sin embargo, resulta llamativo este planteo tan desvaforecedor para el general ateniense dentro de un corpus que reúne personalidades destacadas del mundo griego y romano que pretenden ser erigidas como modelos de conducta. Para poder entender el planteo del biógrafo, nos proponemos analizar por un lado los rasgos externos que se le atribuyen y, por otro, aspectos de su subjetividad, con el propósito de dar cuenta en última instancia de la complejidad de la descripción, basada en una superposición de discursos y opiniones.; This paper aims to analyse Plutarch's Life o f Nicias. The biographer seems to follow closely Thucydides and he describes Nicias as a minor hero, weak and superstitious. This characterization is rather misleading, however, since the biography belongs to a corpus full of distinguished figures of Greece and Rome, which are models of virtue. In order to understand Plutarch’s view, we will investígate, on one side, the extemal features attributed to Nicias and, on the other side, the elements of his subjectivity, intending to show the complexity of the description, based on a superposition of speeches and opinions.

El seguro de desempleo en la Argentina. Reflexiones preliminares en torno de una ausencia (1890-1989); Unemployment Benefits in Argentina. Reflections Upon an Absence (1890-1989); O seguro desemprego na Argentina. Reflexões preliminares em torno a uma ausência (1890-1989) Grondona, Ana Lucía El presente artículo propone, a partir del análisis de diversos materiales de archivo, una agenda de investigación sobre la historia del seguro de desempleo en la Argentina. Para ello, presenta una periodización preliminar en virtud de los diversos motivos por los cuales esta forma de regulación se vio obturada entre 1890 y 1989. Se analizan cinco coyunturas relevantes para nuestro problema: a) 1913-1915; b) 1930-1939; c) 1940-1949; d) 1962-1970; e) 1975-1989. Aunque los motivos de esta obturación variaron, se señalan algunos aspectos clave en las diversas coyunturas: las relaciones de fuerza entre sindicatos y patronales, la incidencia de los expertos en el Estado y la configuración del mercado de trabajo (en su relación con la división internacional del trabajo).; This article -based on the study of different documents of the archives- proposes a research agenda on the history of unemployment insurance in Argentina. We will discuss different periods that should help grasp the different reasons for which this form of regulation was blocked at different stages of the development of labor markets in Argentina between 1890 and 1989. We analyze five conjunctures relevant for our problem: a) 1913-1915; b) 1930-1939; c) 1940-1949; d) 1962-1970; e) 1975-1989. Although the reasons for this absence varied, we point out some relevant issues throughout the different periods: the power balance between labor unions and employers, the impact experts have over the State and the general labor market regulations (in relationship with the international division of labor).; O presente artigo propõe, a partir da análise de diversos arquivos, uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a história do seguro desemprego na Argentina. Assim sendo, se apresenta uma periodização preliminar tendo em vista os diversos motivos pelos quais essa forma de regulação viu-se obturada entre 18890 e 1989. Analisam-se cinco conjunturas importantes para nosso problema: a) 1913-1915; b) 1930-1939; c) 1940-1949; d) 1962-1970; e) 1975-1989. Embora os motivos de dita obturação mudaram, salientam-se alguns aspetos chaves nas diversas conjunturas: as relações de força entre sindicatos e setores patronais, a incidência dos expertos no Estado e a configuração do mercado de trabalho (na sua relação com a divisão. internacional do trabalho).

Geografía y cartografía: vínculos actuales en apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el ordenamiento territorial Buzai, Gustavo Daniel Los vínculos actuales entre Geografía y Cartografía están generados principalmente a través de las tecnologías digitales, de las cuales los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) ocupan un lugar central al ser considerados el núcleo de la Geoinformática. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica han producido una innegable revolución tecnológica, pero principalmente han producido una notable revolución intelectual al trasladar conceptos del análisis espacial hacia un contexto de mayor amplitud que el de la Geografía, considerada la ciencia que le dio origen. La revolución tecnológica se encuentra estrechamente ligada con los métodos y técnicas que se han estandarizado para entender los modos de organización del espacio geográfico, en esta línea, los estudios de focalización espacial se vinculan a la cartografía como lenguaje privilegiado que supera ampliamente la condición tradicional del inventario.Por su parte, la revolución intelectual se encuentra relacionada a la forma en que se puede pensar la realidad, es decir, lograr un conocimiento preciso de la base empírica en la cual el ser humano desarrolla sus diversas actividades en el planeta. La vinculación actual entre Geografía y Cartografía supera la manifestación tecnológica para adentrarse en las relaciones teórico-metodológicas que surgen en el marco de la Geografía Aplicable/Aplicada. Sus resultados están claramente dirigidos a la búsqueda de respuestas concretas a problemáticas socioespaciales de diferente naturaleza, pero enmarcadas en un similar contexto: la dimensión espacial. En su interior, las respuestas estarán dirigidas a aspectos que puedan ser comprendidos a través de los conceptos de localización, distribución, asociación, interacción y evolución espacial. Desde esta perspectiva la Geografía es considerada como ciencia de la organización del territorio, la cual enmarcada en acciones voluntarias da lugar al ordenamiento territorial, el cual, realizado por la administración pública incluye dos grandes fases: planificación y gestión. En ambas los SIG y la Cartografía tienen incidencia, aunque desde el ámbito académico su mayor participación estaría dada en la fase de planificación realizando el diagnóstico y generando propuesta en apoyo a la toma de decisiones. La exposición se basará principalmente en la presentación de diferentes procedimientos que ejemplifican lo anteriormente expuesto, como el análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales, modelado cartográfico, evaluación multicriterio y modelos de localización-asignación, entre otros. En síntesis, la relación actual entre Geografía y Cartografía, sintetiza la confluencia entre desarrollos teórico-metodológicos como aportes fundamentales para la resolución de problemáticas socioespaciales concretas en la práctica del ordenamiento territorial.

Calcifications of the Thoracic Aorta on Extended Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Craiem, Damian; Gilles Chironi; Casciaro, Mariano Ezequiel; Graf Caride, Diego Sebastián; Simon, Alain BACKGROUND: The presence of calcified atherosclerosis in different vascular beds has been associated with a higher risk of mortality. Thoracic aorta calcium (TAC) can be assessed from computed tomography (CT) scans, originally aimed at coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessment. CAC screening improves cardiovascular risk prediction, beyond standard risk assessment, whereas TAC performance remains controversial. However, the curvilinear portion of the thoracic aorta (TA), that includes the aortic arch, is systematically excluded from TAC analysis. We investigated the prevalence and spatial distribution of TAC all along the TA, to see how those segments that remain invisible in standard TA evaluation were affected. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 970 patients (77% men) underwent extended non-contrast cardiac CT scans including the aortic arch. An automated algorithm was designed to extract the vessel centerline and to estimate the vessel diameter in perpendicular planes. Then, calcifications were quantified using the Agatston score and associated with the corresponding thoracic aorta segment. The aortic arch and the proximal descending aorta, "invisible" in routine CAC screening, appeared as two vulnerable sites concentrating 60% of almost 11000 calcifications. The aortic arch was the most affected segment per cm length. Using the extended measurement method, TAC prevalence doubled from 31% to 64%, meaning that 52% of patients would escape detection with a standard scan. In a stratified analysis for CAC and/or TAC assessment, 111 subjects (46% women) were exclusively identified with the enlarged scan. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium screening in the TA revealed that the aortic arch and the proximal descending aorta, hidden in standard TA evaluations, concentrated most of the calcifications. Middle-aged women were more prone to have calcifications in those hidden portions and became candidates for reclassification.

El anticomunismo de la Juventud Conservadora chilena: El caso de la Falange Nacional (1935-1957); O anticomunismo da Juventude Conservadora Chilena: O caso da Falange Nacional (1935-1957); The anticommunism of the Chilean Juventude Conservadora: the case of the Falange Nacional (1935-1957) Gomes, Gabriela Daiana El trayecto de la Juventud Conservadora a la Falange Nacional expresó una ruptura radical con el proyecto político de uno de los partidos de la derecha tradicional, el Partido Conservador (1851). Inspirado en la doctrina del humanismo cristiano, el proyecto falangista se sintetizó en el Partido Demócrata Cristiano (1957). En este artículo se analizan cuáles han sido las percepciones de los falangistas sobre el comunismo, así como la importancia adjudicada al Partido Comunista como actor legitimo del sistema de partidos.; A trajetória da Juventude Conservadora para a Falange Nacional expressou uma ruptura radical com o projeto político de um dos partidos da direita tradicional, o Partido Conservador (1851). Inspirado na doutrina do humanismo cristão, o projeto falangista se sintetizou no Partido Democrata Cristão (1957). Neste artigo se analisam quais foram as percepções dos falangistas sobre o comunismo e a importância atribuída ao Partido Comunista como um ator legítimo do sistema partidário.; The trajectory of the Juventude Conservadora (Conservative Youth) in the Falange Nacional (National Phalanx) showed a radical break with the political project of one of the parties of the traditional right, the Partido Conservador (Conservative Party, 1851). Inspired by the doctrine of Christian humanism, the Phalangist project became the Partido Democrata Cristão (Christian Democratic Party, 1957). In this article, the Phalangists’ perceptions of communism and the importance given to the Partido Comunista (Communist Party) as a legitimate actor in the party system are analyzed.

Emotion recognition and cognitive empathy deficits in adolescent offenders revealed by context-sensitive tasks González Gadea, María Luz; Herrera Murcia, Eduar; Parra, Mario; Gomez Mendez, Pedro; Báez Buitrago, Sandra Jimena; Manes, Facundo Francisco; Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano Emotion recognition and empathy abilities require the integration of contextual information in real-life scenarios. Previous reports have explored these domains in adolescent offenders (AOs) but have not used tasks that replicate everyday situations. In this study we included ecological measures with different levels of contextual dependence to evaluate emotion recognition and empathy in AOs relative to non-offenders, controlling for the effect of demographic variables. We also explored the influence of fluid intelligence (FI) and executive functions (EFs) in the prediction of relevant deficits in these domains. Our results showed that AOs exhibit deficits in context-sensitive measures of emotion recognition and cognitive empathy. Difficulties in these tasks were neither explained by demographic variables nor predicted by FI or EFs. However, performance on measures that included simpler stimuli or could be solved by explicit knowledge was either only partially affected by demographic variables or preserved in AOs. These findings indicate that AOs show contextual social-cognition impairments which are relatively independent of basic cognitive functioning and demographic variables.

Controlling Nanodomain Morphology of Epoxy Thermosets Modified with Reactive Amine-Containing Epoxidized Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) Block Copolymer Garate, Hernán; Goyanes, Silvia Nair; D'accorso, Norma Beatriz Controlling nanodomain morphology of nanostructured epoxy thermosets is critical to modulate the mechanical properties of the cross-linked matrix. In this contribution, we demonstrate that this can be achieved by using a suitable block copolymer containing an epoxy soluble block with the ability to react toward the epoxy system during curing. For this purpose we designed an epoxidized poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) block copolymer incorporating amine-reactive functionalities (eSIS-AEP) in the epoxidized block as modifier for an epoxy system, which allowed the formation of nanostructured thermosets with controlled spherelike nanodomain morphology. The eSIS-AEP was obtained in two steps from poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) block copolymer by controlled epoxidation of the olefinic block followed by partial oxirane ring-opening reaction using 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine as nucleophile. Before the curing reaction it was observed that poly(styrene) blocks self-assembled to form ordered spherelike nanostructures in blends of eSIS-AEP with epoxy precursors. Since the amine-reactive moiety was incorporated to the block copolymer so that it could react toward diglicidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) at a similar temperature than the DGEBA/hardener reaction, the epoxy miscible block of eSIS-AEP (ePI-AEP) was able to react with DGEBA during curing. Once the cross-linked network was formed, the initially obtained spherelike nanodomains were preserved, indicating that no reaction-induced microphase separation of ePI-AEP subchains occurred. A completely different scenario was ascertained for epoxidized SIS block copolymer, which conducted to nonspherical nanodomains due to the uncontrolled epoxidized poly(isoprene) demixing process during the curing reaction. These results demonstrate the importance of the epoxy soluble block being reactive toward the epoxy precursors to control the morphology of the obtained nanostructure.

Duality and bosonization in Schwinger–Keldysh formulation Gamboa Saravi, Ricardo Enrique; Naon, Carlos Maria; Schaposnik, Fidel Arturo We present a path-integral bosonization approach for systems out of equilibrium based on a duality transformation of the original Dirac fermion theory combined with the Schwinger–Keldysh time closed contour technique, to handle the non-equilibrium situation. The duality approach to bosonization that we present is valid for D ≥ 2 space–time dimensions leading for D = 2 to exact results. In this last case we present the bosonization rules for fermion currents, calculate current–current correlation functions and establish the connection between the fermionic and bosonic distribution functions in a generic, non-equilibrium situation.

Síntesis y propiedades de compuestos heterocíclicos de potencial importancia tecnológica Jiménez Macías, Julyleth Paola; Caram, José Alberto; Mirifico, Maria Virginia El proyecto considera la investigación de nuevos materiales orgánicos (moléculas pequeñas) con propiedades convenientes para la transferencia de electrones y con potencial aplicación en dispositivos electrónicos y electro-ópticos. Se pretende sintetizar compuestos estables al ambiente, que presenten perfiles de absorbancias elevadas en un intervalo amplio de longitudes de onda, con posibilidad de emitir luz en la zona visible del espectro electromagnético, que sean reversiblemente reducidos/oxidados en zonas de potenciales fácilmente accesibles, que generen iones-radicales estables frente al H2O y al O2, y que en estado sólido presenten un empaquetamiento adecuado para la movilidad de la carga o para que favorezca la emisión de luz. Los derivados de 2H-imidazol-2-tiona (IM, Fig. 1) desempeñan un rol importante en síntesis orgánica, se usan como drogas terapéuticas [1], como herbicidas y fungicidas [3], y presentan capacidad inhibidora de la corrosión de metales [2]. Este trabajo se ha iniciado recientemente, y se han dado los primeros pasos hacia la síntesis de los nuevos compuestos (IM 1-3, Fig. 1). Los experimentos de síntesis se realizaron por condensación del compuesto 1,2-dicarbonílico (CD) correspondiente con tiourea (TU) (Fig. 1). La reacción se llevó a cabo en solución y en ausencia de solvente, empleando como catalizadores un ácido mineral fuerte o heteropoliácidos (HPAs). El intervalo de temperaturas investigado fue 25-150 ºC. Además, en el mismo intervalo de temperaturas se estudió la degradación térmica de tiourea. Las reacciones se siguieron por CCF, FT-IR, y CG-M. Para las reacciones en solución catalizadas por ácido mineral fuerte se siguieron los lineamientos de Wright [4]. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en pequeña escala, se empleó una relación molar R1 = TU/CD1 de 3/1 en solución de EtOH/H+ (pH=2). Después de 9 h de calentamiento a reflujo suave, y una vez alcanzada la t.a. se observó la formación de un sólido. El sólido separado por filtración, lavado (EtOH frío), y secado, está formado por un único compuesto (CCF), aún no identificado (IM-1?). Las reacciones entre CD1 y TU sin solvente se realizaron en ausencia y en presencia del HPA (H3PMo12O40 y H4PMo11VO40) [5], en las siguientes condiciones experimentales: temperatura de reacción (25, 70, 100 y 150 °C), temperatura/tiempo del pretratamiento térmico del HPA (150 y 300 °C, 24h) y relaciones molares R1=TU/CD1 (1,5-10) y R2=HPA/CD1 (0,0-0,2). En ausencia HPA, la condensación CD1 con TU no ocurrió en el intervalo 25–100 °C. Para 150°C se observaron (CCF) productos de reacción, pero se atribuyen a la degradación térmica la TU. En presencia de HPAs, ocurrió reacción química para todas las temperaturas investigadas. Las reacciones fueron siempre incompletas y resultaron en una compleja mezcla de productos. Se proyecta ensayar catálisis básica en solución y en “solvent free reactions”.

Tensiones de crecimiento y propiedades físicas de la madera de Eucalyptus dunnii implantado en Argentina; Growth stresses and physical properties of Eucalyptus dunnii wood in Argentina Hernandez, Mariano; Zaderenko, Constantino; Monteoliva, Silvia Estela El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar tensiones de crecimiento en Eucalyptus dunnii y determinar el efecto de las propiedades físicas de la madera sobre esta variable. Se muestrearon 45 árboles de un ensayo de 19 años situado en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Se realizaron determinaciones de tensiones de crecimiento a través de dos métodos: indicador de tensiones de crecimiento (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) e índice de rajado en rollizo (IR). Se midieron las propiedades físicas, densidad básica y contracción volumétrica total y se determinó la variación radial de la densidad básica. Los resultados de GSI e IR mostraron valores más bajos que los citados para la especie (GSI: 0,0763±0,0251 mm e IR: 0,43± 0,31 %) y tuvieron buena asociación entre sí (r: 0,71). Se encontró una asociación baja entre tensiones de crecimiento con las propiedades físicas de la madera, densidad básica (r: 0,35 - 0,39) y contracción volumétrica total (r: 0,29 - 0,35). Los niveles de asociación aumentaron cuando las correlaciones se hicieron entre las estimaciones de tensiones de crecimiento y la tasa de cambio radial de la densidad básica (r: 0,59 - 0,52).; To evaluate growth stresses in Eucalyptus dunnii and determine the effect of physical wood properties on that variable, a total of 45 trees were sampled from a 19-years-old trial located at Corrientes, Argentina. Growth stresses were determined using the growth stress indicator (GSI, CIRAD-Forêt) and the log end split index (IR). The physical wood properties basic density and total volumetric shrinkage were measured and the pith-to- bark gradient of the basic density was determined. GSI and IR values obtained were lower than those cited for the species (GSI: 0,0763 ± 0,0251 mm and IR: 0,43 ± 0,31 %) and showed good association between themselves (r: 0,71). A low association between growth stresses and the physical wood properties basic density (r: 0,35 – 0,39) and volumetric shrinkage total (r: 0,29-0,35) was founded. The association levels were higher when growth stresses (GSI and IR) and the pith-to-bark gradient of the basic density (r: 0,59-0,52) were correlated.

Experimental verification of reciprocity relations in quantum thermoelectric transport Matthews, J.; Battista, Francesca; Sanchez, D.; Samuelsson, P.; Linke, H. Fundamental symmetries in thermoelectric quantum transport, beyond Onsagers relations, were predicted two decades ago but have to date not been observed in experiments. Recent works have predicted the symmetries to be sensitive to energy-dependent, inelastic scattering, raising the question whether they exist in practice. Here, we answer this question affirmatively by experimentally verifying the thermoelectric reciprocity relations in a four-terminal mesoscopic device where each terminal can be electrically and thermally biased individually. The linear-response thermoelectric coefficients are found to be symmetric under simultaneous reversal of magnetic field and exchange of injection and emission contacts. We also demonstrate a controllable breakdown of the reciprocity relations by increasing thermal bias, putting in prospect enhanced thermoelectric performance.

Effects of field-realistic doses of glyphosate on honeybee appetitive behaviour Herbert, Lucila Thomsett; Vázquez, Diego Eduardo; Arenas, Andres; Farina, Walter Marcelo Glyphosate (GLY) is a broad-spectrum herbicide used for weed control. The sub-lethal impact of GLY on non-target organisms such as insect pollinators has not yet been evaluated. Apis mellifera is the main pollinator in agricultural environments and is a well-known model for behavioural research. Honeybees are also accurate biosensors of environmental pollutants and their appetitive behavioural response is a suitable tool with which to test sub-lethal effects of agrochemicals. We studied the effects of field-realistic doses of GLY on honeybees exposed chronically or acutely to the herbicide. We focused on sucrose sensitivity, elemental and non-elemental associative olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER), and foraging-related behaviour. We found a reduced sensitivity to sucrose and learning performance for the groups chronically exposed to GLY concentrations within the range of recommended doses. When olfactory PER conditioning was performed with sucrose reward with the same GLY concentrations (acute exposure), elemental learning and short-term memory retention decreased significantly compared with controls. Non-elemental associative learning was also impaired by an acute exposure to GLY traces. Altogether, these results imply that GLY at concentrations found in agro-ecosystems as a result of standard spraying can reduce sensitivity to nectar reward and impair associative learning in honeybees. However, no effect on foraging-related behaviour was found. Therefore, we speculate that successful forager bees could become a source of constant inflow of nectar with GLY traces that could then be distributed among nestmates, stored in the hive and have long-term negative consequences on colony performance.

Hybrid Formulations of Liposomes and Bioadhesive Polymers Improve the Hypotensive Effect of the Melatonin Analogue 5-MCA-NAT in Rabbit Eyes Quinteros, Daniela Alejandra; Vicario de la Torre, Marta; Andrés Guerrero, Vanessa; Palma, Santiago Daniel; Allemandi, Daniel Alberto; Herrero Vanrell, Rocío; Molina Martinez, Irene T. For the treatment of chronic ocular diseases such as glaucoma, continuous instillations of eye drops are needed. However, frequent administrations of hypotensive topical formulations can produce adverse ocular surface effects due to the active substance or other components of the formulation, such as preservatives or other excipients. Thus the development of unpreserved formulations that are well tolerated after frequent instillations is an important challenge to improve ophthalmic chronic topical therapies. Furthermore, several components can improve the properties of the formulation in terms of efficacy. In order to achieve the mentioned objectives, we have developed formulations of liposomes (150–200 nm) containing components similar to those in the tear film and loaded with the hypotensive melatonin analog 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (5-MCA-NAT, 100 µM). These formulations were combined with mucoadhesive (sodium hyaluronate or carboxymethylcellulose) or amphiphilic block thermosensitive (poloxamer) polymers to prolong the hypotensive efficacy of the drug. In rabbit eyes, the decrease of intraocular pressure with 5-MCA-NAT-loaded liposomes that were dispersed with 0.2% sodium hyaluronate, 39.1±2.2%, was remarkably higher compared to other liposomes formulated without or with other bioadhesive polymers, and the effect lasted more than 8 hours. According to the results obtained in the present work, these technological strategies could provide an improved modality for delivering therapeutic agents in patients with glaucoma.

Effect of Cation Demixing on the Electrochemical Performance of LSCFO Cathodes for SOFCs Baque, Laura Cecilia; Soldati, Analía Leticia; Troiani, Horacio Esteban; Serquis, Adriana Cristina The commercialization of Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is still hindered by their cost and long term degradation. One of the most common degradation mechanisms of La1-xSrxFe1-yCoyO3-d (LSCFO) cathodes reported in literature is element demixing. In this work, the degradation of LSCFO cathodes deposited on Ce1-xGdxO2-d electrolytes at 800°C in air for 50 h was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EIS spectra from LSCFO cathodes present two contributions: one at high frequency and another at low frequency. The high frequency contribution remains invariable during the ageing treatment while the low frequency contribution continuously increases. The formation of small segregates was observed after the ageing treatment. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis reveals that these segregates were particularly poor in Sr.

Peri-implantational in vivo and in vitro embryo-trophoblast development after perigestational alcohol exposure in the CD-1 mouse Pérez Tito, Leticia Gabriela; Bevilacqua, Estela; Cebral, Elisa Long-term pregestational ethanol exposure induced altered fertilization and preimplantation embryogenesis. We evaluated preimplantational embryo-trophoblast differentiation, growth and invasiveness after perigestational ethanol 10% ingestion for 15 days preceding and up to day 4 (treated females [TF]: TF-D4 group) or 5 (TF-D5) of CD-1 gestation (control females [CF] with water). In TF-D4, expanded and hatched blastocyst numbers were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) versus CF-D4. Abnormal embryos and percentage of pyknotic nuclei were increased, and early blastocyst growth (nuclear number/embryo) and mitotic index was reduced (p < 0.05) versus CF-D4. On day 5 of gestation, TF-D5 presented significantly reduced total embryos and advanced embryo type 3 number versus CF-D5 (p < 0.05). During in vitro development, up to 72-hour culture, TF-D5 had reduced embryo type 1 (the least developed) and 3 percentages (p < 0.05) versus controls, whereas embryo type 2 percentage increased (p < 0.05) versus CF-D5. Embryo-trophoblast growth was studied during culture by morphometry. Embryo size ranges were classified as small, medium and large embryos. At 48-hour culture, small and medium embryos of TF had significantly increased mean area versus CF (p < 0.05), whereas large embryos had reduced mean area at 24-hour culture. Perigestational alcohol exposure up to days 4–5 induced embryo differentiation retardation, abnormal blastocyst growth and alterations of embryo-trophoblast growth and expansion during implantation, suggesting impaired regulation of trophoblast invasion and a relation with early pregnancy loss after mouse perigestational alcohol consumption.