The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae) Ramirez, Martin Javier; Grismado, Cristian José; Labarque, Facundo Martín; Izquierdo, Matías Andres; Ledford, Joel M.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Haddad, Charles R.; Griswold, Charles E. We revise the relationships of the spider genus Cryptothele after reexamination of the morphology of the spinnerets, leg tarsal claws and maxillae with scanning electron microscopy. Cryptothele species have a particular conformation of the spinning field of the anterior lateral spigots that is typical of zodariids and close relatives: the field of major ampullate gland spigots, together with their strain sensilla, are invaginated within the field of piriform gland spigots. The implantation of the teeth on the inner side of the leg tarsal claws is also consistent with its placement among zodariids. We added Cryptothele to a morphological dataset of zodariid genera, together with the outgroups Homalonychus (Homalonychidae) and Penestomus (Penestomidae). The phylogenetic analysis concludes that the genus Cryptothele is a member of the subfamily Cydrelinae, which by priority is here considered a junior synonym of Cryptothelinae. Cryptothele specimens cover most of their body with soil particles which become consolidated as mud, and the debris is probably held in place by curved setae covered by long barbs. The spinnerets, which can be retracted and hidden, as well as the booklungs, are surrounded by a crown of thick setae that are densely covered by short barbs, protecting those areas against soil particles. Cryptothele are probably specialized to prey on termites, and their phylogenetic placement indicates that this diet specificity evolved two times independently in zodariids.

Designing and understanding permanent microporosity in liquids Melaugh, Gavin; Giri, Nicola; Davidson, Christine E.; James, Stuart L.; del Popolo, Mario Gabriel Standard microporous materials are typically crystalline solids that exhibit a regular array of cavities of uniform size and shape. Packing and directional bonding between molecular building blocks give rise to interstitial pores that confer size and shape-specific sorption properties to the material. In the liquid state interstitial cavities are transient. However, permanent and intrinsic "pores" can potentially be built into the structure of the molecules that constitute the liquid. With the aid of computer simulations we have designed, synthesised and characterised a series of liquids composed of hollow cage-like molecules, which are functionalised with hydrocarbon chains to make them liquid at accessible temperatures. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that chain length and size of terminal chain substituents can be used to tune, within certain margins, the permanence of intramolecular cavities in such neat liquids. Simulations identify a candidate "porous liquid" in which 30% of the cages remain empty in the liquid state. Absorbed methane molecules selectively occupy these empty cavities.

Sobre los estudios de la pobreza en América Latina: hacia un examen holístico de las experiencias; About the studies of poverty in Latin America: Towards a holistic examination of the experiences; Sobre os estudos de pobreza na América Latina: em busca de uma análise holística das experiências Seveso Zanin, Emilio José Este trabajo está orientado a examinar las principales líneas de producción científica sobre la pobreza en América Latina, para avanzar hacia los intersticios a los que renuncian o bien dejan velados. En un primer momento, presento los antecedentes de estudio a nivel regional, repasando los marcos explicativos identificados, con particular énfasis en las últimas dos décadas. Luego, doy cuenta de algunos de los sesgos interpretativos que consienten, ponderando la relevancia de asumir una mirada histórica, una concepción de totalidad estructural y la consideración de las relaciones de clase como eje para la interpretación. Finalmente, me detengo en una de las parcelas de estudio sobre la pobreza - las experiencias y sensibilidades de los sujetos-, destacando la importancia de incorporar la mencionada perspectiva para su análisis. Es en este camino que se afirma la importancia de estudiar la problemática de la pobreza desde una perspectiva holística (histórica, relacional y conflictual) que sobrevenga a la inmediatez y contingencia de la acción científica instrumental.; This paper aims to examine the main lines of scientific production on poverty in Latin America, to advance on the fields of study that are not recognized or are veiled. First, I present a state of art in the region, reviewing their explanatory frameworks, with particular emphasis on the last two decades. Secondly, I show some of the interpretive biases generated, highlighting the importance of taking a historical look, a conception of structural whole and the consideration of class relations as the axis for interpretation. Finally, I stop at one of the areas of study on poverty - the experiences and sensibilities of individuals - highlighting the importance of incorporating the above perspective for analysis. This affirm the importance of studying the problem of poverty from a holistic perspective (historical, relational and conflictual) that can overcome the immediacy and contingency of scientific instrumental action.; Este artigo procura analisar as linhas dominantes de produção científica sobre a pobreza na América Latina, para mostrar os espaços que foram renunciados ou velados. No começo, eu apresento a história dos estudos regionais, analisando os principais quadros explicativos identificados, com particular ênfase nas últimas duas décadas. Então eu indico alguns dos vieses interpretativos gerados, indicando a importância de se ter um olhar histórico, uma concepção do todo estrutural e uma compreensão das relações de classe como eixo para a interpretação. Finalmente, eu paro em uma das parcelas de estudo sobre a pobreza - as experiências e sensibilidades - destacando a importância da incorporação da perspectiva acima referida para análise. É desta forma que confirma a importância de se estudar o problema da pobreza a partir de uma perspectiva holística (histórico, relacional e conflitual) que excede o imediatismo ea contingência da ação científica instrumental.

Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan on Different Life Stages of the Freshwater Burrowing Crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis P.: Protective Role of Chorion Negro, Carlos Leandro; Senkman, Lidia Eloisa; Marino, Fernanda; Lorenzatti, Eduardo Antonio; Collins, Pablo Agustin The lethality (LC50) of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos is higher in adults (1990 and 156.78 lg/L respectively) than in embryos (95380 and 1242.54 lg/L respectively) of the crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis. The thickened embryonic coat of the freshwater species might isolate the embryo inside the egg, reducing the toxicity. Sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan caused an increase in hatching time and a decrease in effective hatching (p<.05), and only the control crabs survived until the first molt cycle. The effects of long-term exposure should be evaluated in the offspring in addition to the acute toxicity.

Las Transferencias Públicas y su Impacto Distributivo: La Experiencia de los Países del Cono Sur en la Década de 2000 Alejo, Osvaldo Javier; Bergolo Sosa, Marcelo Luis; Carbajal Espinal, Fedora En el decenio de los 2000 la desigualdad del ingreso en la América Latina se redujo. Este artículo aplica una variante de la metodología de descomposición no paramétrica propuesta por Barros et al (2006, 2007) para evaluar la importancia de las fuentes de ingreso de los hogares, en particular la aportación de las transferencias públicas, en los cambios en la desigualdad de ingresos en los años 2000 en los países del Cono Sur: Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay. Los resultados sugieren que los ingresos no laborales tuvieron una contribución significativa en los cambios en la desigualdad y que este efecto fue explicado principalmente por la consecuencia igualadora que tuvieron las fuentes públicas en los cuatro países analizados. La dinámica de los cambios en esta fuente de ingreso y su efecto en la desigualdad estuvo fuertemente asociada con la instrumentación o expansión de programas de transferencia no contributivos en el pasado decenio

Oxygen-vacancy-induced local ferromagnetism as a driving mechanism in enhancing the magnetic response of ferrites RodrÍguez Torres, Claudia Elena; Pasquevich, Gustavo Alberto; Mendoza Zélis, Pedro; Golmar, Federico; Pérez, Silvia Inés; Nayak, Sanjeev K.; Adeagbo, Waheed A.; Hergebert, Wolfram; Hoffmann, Martin; Ernst, Arthur; Esquinazi, P.; Stewart, Silvana Jacqueline This work probes the relevance of oxygen vacancies in the formation of local ferromagnetic coupling between Fe ions at octahedral sites in zinc ferrites. This coupling gives rise to a ferrimagnetic ordering with the Curie temperatures above room temperature in an otherwise antiferromagnetic compound. This conclusion is based on experimental results from x-raymagnetic circular dichroismmeasurements at the Fe L2,3 edges and magnetization measurements performed on zinc ferrites, nanoparticles, and films, with different cation distributions and oxygen vacancy concentrations. Our observations are confirmed by density-functional-theory calculations and indicate that the enhanced ferrimagnetic response observed in some nominally nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic ferrites can be taken as a further example of the defect-induced magnetism phenomenon.

Neutron matter under strong magnetic fields: A comparison of models Aguirre, Ricardo Miguel; Bauer, Eduardo; Vidaña, I. The equation of state of neutron matter is affected by the presence of a magnetic field due to the intrinsic magnetic moment of the neutron. Here we study the equilibrium configuration of this system for a wide range of densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields. Special attention is paid to the behavior of the isothermal compressibility and the magnetic susceptibility. Our calculation is performed using both microscopic and phenomenological approaches of the neutron matter equation of state, namely the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) approach using the Argonne V18 nucleon-nucleon potential supplemented with the Urbana IX three-nucleon force, the effective Skyrme model in a Hartree-Fock description, and the quantum hadrodynamic formulation with a mean-field approximation. All these approaches predict a change from completely spin polarized to partially polarized matter that leads to a continuous equation of state. The compressibility and the magnetic susceptibility show characteristic behaviors which reflect that fact. Thermal effects tend to smear out the sharpness found for these quantities at T=0. In most cases a thermal increase of ΔT=10 MeV is enough to hide the signals of the change of polarization. The set of densities and magnetic field intensities for which the system changes it spin polarization is different for each model. However, we found that under the conditions examined in this work there is an overall agreement between the three theoretical descriptions

Genetically modified mouse models addressing gonadotropin function Ratner, Laura Daniela; Rulli, Susana Beatriz; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T. The development of genetically modified animals has been useful to understand the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the gonadotropin function. It is well known that alterations in the secretion of a single hormone is capable of producing profound reproductive abnormalities. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone normally secreted by the human placenta, and structurally and functionally it is related to pituitary LH. LH and hCG bind to the same LH/hCG receptor, and hCG is often used as an analog of LH to boost gonadotropin action. There are many physiological and pathological conditions where LH/hCG levels and actions are elevated. In order to understand how elevated LH/hCG levels may impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis we have developed a transgenic mouse model with chronic hCG hypersecretion. Female mice develop many gonadal and extragonadal phenotypes including obesity, infertility, hyperprolactinemia, and pituitary and mammary gland tumors. This article summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms involved in pituitary gland tumorigenesis and hyperprolactinemia in the female mice hypersecreting hCG, in particular the relationship of progesterone with the hyperprolactinemic condition of the model. In addition, we describe the role of hyperprolactinemia as the main cause of infertility and the phenotypic abnormalities in these mice, and the use of dopamine agonists bromocriptine and cabergoline to normalize these conditions.

An approach to argumentative reasoning servers with multiple preference criteria Teze, Juan Carlos Lionel; Gottifredi, Sebastián; García, Alejandro Javier; Simari, Guillermo Ricardo Argumentation is a reasoning mechanism of dialectical and non-monotonic na- ture, with useful properties of computational tractability. In dynamic domains where agents deal with incomplete and contradictory information, an argument comparison criterion can be used to determine the accepted information; ar- gumentation systems with a single argument comparison criterion have been widely studied. In some of these approaches the comparison criterion is fixed, while in others a criterion can be selected and replaced in a modular way. In this work, we introduce an argumentative server that provides recommendations to its client agents and the possibility of indicating under what conditions an argument comparison criterion can be chosen to answer a particular query. To achieve this, we formalize a special type of query which, by using a conditional expression, allows the server to dynamically choose a criterion. As a result, several properties of these expressions will be studied.

Banco de semillas, germinación y longevidad de semillas de retama (Spartium junceum): implicancias para su control; Seed bank, germination and seed longevity of Spanish broom (Spartium junceum, Fabaceae): implications for control. Sanhueza, Cristina del Carmen; Zalba, Sergio Martín La retama (Spartium junceum) es una especie invasora de pastizales naturales en las sierras australes bonaerenses. Estudiamos características del proceso de germinación que resultarían clave para su control. Calculamos densidad de semillas y porcentaje de germinación para muestras de suelo provenientes de sectores invadidos. Realizamos ensayos de germinación en panes de tierra mantenidos a la intemperie y ensayos en cámara de germinación con semillas colectadas directamente del arbusto y otras colectadas del banco del suelo siete años antes del ensayo. La densidad en el banco del suelo de áreas invadidas varió entre 600 y 4.411 semillas/m2. El porcentaje de germinación de semillas de ensayos en panes de tierra fue de 68,33±26,66%. Para los ensayos en cámara, la escarificación mecánica resultó 100% de germinación para semillas recolectadas de las plantas, contra 7±5,7% para el control y valores aún inferiores para shock térmico y combinación shock térmico+escarificación mecánica El ensayo de semillas con más de siete años resultó en un porcentaje de germinación del 88,73±11,16% para la escarificación mecánica, 85,77±10,50% para shock térmico, 40,30±10,14% para imbibición y 43,20±12,01% para el control. Altas temperaturas durante períodos cortos, lesiones en la cubierta seminal y disturbios del suelo favorecen considerablemente la germinación y estimulan los procesos de invasión.; The Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) is an exotic invader of natural grasslands in southern Buenos Aires mountains. We assessed the density of seeds in the soil seed bank and the percentage of germination in botanic garden experiments for samples obtained from three invaded sites. We performed essays outdoors for soil samples, and in germination chamber for seeds collected directly from plants and for seeds obtained from the soil seven years before the experiment. Seeds density in the soil ranged from 600 to 4411 seeds/m2. Germination percentage for soil samples was 68.33±26.66%. For chamber experiments, mechanical scarification lead to the germination of all the seeds in the case of those collected from the plants, compared to just 7±5.7% for the control and figures even smaller for heath shock and combination of heath shock and mechanical scarification. The experiment with seeds form the soil bank resulted in a percentage of germination of 88.73±11.16% for those seeds previously treated with mechanical scarification, 85.77±10.50% for heath shock, 40.30±10.14% for imbibitions and 43.20±12.01% for the control. Brief exposition to high temperatures, mechanical breakage of the seed cover and soil disturbances significatively favor germination and stimulate invasion.

Building a Species Conservation Strategy for the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Argentina in the context of yellow fever outbreaks Agostini, Ilaria; Holzmann, Ingrid; Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago; Oklander, Luciana Inés; Kowalewski, Martín M.; Beldomenico, Pablo Martín; Goenaga, Silvina; Martinez, Mariela; Moreno, Eduardo S.; Lestani, Eduardo; Desbiez, Arnaud L.J.; Miller, Philip The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is endemic to South America’s Atlantic Forest, with a small population extending into the northern portion of Misiones province in northeastern Argentina. In 2012, the species was classified as Critically Endangered in Argentina due to its highly restricted distribution, low population density and dramatic declines from recent Yellow Fever outbreaks. In March 2013, we organized an international workshop in Misiones to evaluate population status in Argentina and conduct a threat analysis. We developed population viability models using Vortex and Outbreak software packages. These tools allowed us to explore how several biological and demographic parameters of brown howlers, as well as factors related to Yellow Fever epidemiology, affect the probability of species extinction. The discussion among diverse specialists and analysis of model results identified Yellow Fever as the main threat to brown howler population persistence in Argentina. Our threat analysis, focused on the dynamics of Yellow Fever outbreaks and their impact on howler populations, led to the identification of gaps in knowledge that helped prioritize objectives and actions for the development of a Species Conservation Strategy in Argentina.; El mono aullador marrón (Alouatta guariba clamitans) es endémico del Bosque Atlántico de América del Sur, con una pequeña población que se extiende en la porción norte de la provincia de Misiones en el noreste de Argentina. En el año 2012, debido a su reducida distribución geográfica, su baja densidad poblacional y al dramático impacto de los recientes brotes de Fiebre Amarilla, la especie fue categorizada en Argentina como “en peligro crítico”. En el mes de marzo de 2013 organizamos un taller internacional en Misiones con el objetivo de evaluar el estado de la población de esta especie en Argentina y llevar a cabo un análisis de las principales amenazas para su conservación. Para alcanzar estos objetivos construimos modelos de viabilidad poblacional utilizando los programas Vortex y Outbreak. Los mismos nos permitieron explorar cómo varios parámetros biológicos y demográficos de la especie, así como diversos factores relacionados al impacto de la Fiebre Amarilla, influyen sobre la probabilidad de extinción de la especie. La discusión entre los distintos especialistas y el análisis de los resultados de los modelos identificaron a la Fiebre Amarilla como la principal amenaza para la subsistencia de esta población en Argentina. El análisis de las amenazas se centró en la dinámica de los brotes de Fiebre Amarilla y la severidad de su impacto sobre la población de esta especie, lo que permitió identificar huecos en el conocimiento que permitieron priorizar objetivos y acciones a llevar a cabo para el desarrollo de una estrategia de conservación para esta especie en Argentina.

The Gondwana connections of northern Patagonia Pankhurst, R. J.; Rapela, Carlos Washington; Lopez, Monica Graciela; Rapalini, Augusto Ernesto; Fanning, C. M.; Galindo, C. A multidisciplinary study (U–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe geochronology, Hf and O isotopes in zircon, Sr and Nd isotopes in whole-rocks, as well as major and trace element geochemistry) has been carried out on granitoid samples from the area west of Valcheta, North Patagonian Massif, Argentina. These confirm the Cambrian age of the Tardugno Granodiorite (528 ± 4 Ma) and the Late Permian age of granites in the central part of the Yaminué complex (250 Ma). Together with petrological and structural information for the area, we consider a previously suggested idea that the Cambrian and Ordovician granites of northeastern Patagonia represent continuation of the Pampean and Famatinian orogenic belts of the Sierras Pampeanas, respectively. Our interpretation does not support the hypothesis that Patagonia was accreted in Late Palaeozoic times as a far-travelled terrane, originating in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, and the arguments for and against this idea are reviewed. A parautochthonous origin is preferred with no major ocean closure between the North Patagonian Massif and the Sierra de la Ventana fold belt.

Effect of Forward/Inverse Model Asymmetries Over Retrieved Soil Moisture Assessed With an OSSE for the Aquarius/SAC-D Mission Bruscantini, Cintia Alicia; Perna, Pablo Alejandro; Ferrazzoli, Paolo; Grings, Francisco Matias; Karszenbaum, Haydee; Crow, Wade T. An Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) for the Aquarius/SAC-D mission that includes different models for forward and retrieval processes is presented. This OSSE is implemented to study the errors related to the use of simple retrieval models in passive microwave applications. To this end, a theoretical forward model was introduced, which is suitable to reproduce some of the complexities related to canopy vegetation scattering. So far, this OSSE has been successfully exploited to study the artifacts in the retrieved soil moisture associated to: 1) uncertainties and aggregation of the ancillary parameters needed for the retrieval, and 2) instrumental noise effects. In this paper, we attempt to model the influence of this model asymmetry (different forward and inverse model) in the estimated soil moisture. These asymmetries are related to the fact that the emissivity of real surfaces is complex and strongly dependent on land cover type and condition. In particular, surface covered by average to dense vegetation presents complex scattering properties, related to canopy structure. Using this theoretical model, the difficulties related to retrieving soil moisture from passive data with a simple model are studied. The accuracy of the soil moisture estimation is analyzed in order to illustrate the impact of discrepancies between both models. In general, retrieved soil moisture performs worse over dense vegetated areas and under wet conditions. Furthermore, accuracy is highly dependent on land cover.

Neurología genómica personalizada: el futuro es ahora; Personalized genomic neurology: Future is now Córdoba, Marta; Gonzalez Moron, Dolores; Rodríguez Quiroga, Sergio Alejandro; Kauffman, Marcelo Andres Introducción y objetivos: Las nuevas técnicas de secuenciación genómica masiva han revolucionado el diagnóstico de las enfermedades neurológicas. Nuestro objetivo general es ilustrar, mediante la presentación de 3 casos clínicos, el abordaje diagnóstico de la patología neurológica desde la genómica. Para ello nos proponemos: explorar herramientas bioinformáticas de anotación e interpretación funcional de variantes, describir un algoritmo de análisis para los datos obtenidos del exoma y con estos resultados correlacionar en nuestros pacientes fenotipo-genotipo-vía funcional. Material y métodos: Fueron incluidos 3 pacientes que concurrieron a la consulta con síntomas neurológicos crónicos y progresivos. Secuenciamos el exoma en los 3. Mediante el uso de herramientas bioinformáticas, utilizando un algoritmo de selección, se filtraron las variantes por frecuencia poblacional, patogenicidad y modelo de herencia. Se estableció la correlación funcional con el fenotipo en cada caso y finalmente se validaron las variantes candidatas por Sanger en los afectados y se buscó su segregación en familiares. Resultados: Se elaboraron algoritmos de aproximación diagnóstica genómica para cada caso. En el caso 1 se llegó al diagnóstico de leucodistrofia asociada a POLR3A con las siguientes mutaciones c.G3781A:p.E1261K y c.G3014A:p.R1005H. En el caso 2 el diagnóstico probable fue de retraso mental sindromático secundario a la mutación p.Arg198* en homocigosis para GRIK2. Y, finalmente, en el caso 3 la causa de paraparesia espástica hereditaria fue el haplotipo patogénico en heterocigosis compuesta c.6763insA y c.6726A>T, p.Gln2242His en SPG11. Conclusiones: La aproximación diagnóstica genómica en conjunto con una completa evaluación clínica resulta útil para el abordaje de la patología neurológica, permitiendo una correlación fenotipo genotipo y vía funcional afectada, arribando a un diagnóstico molecular sólido.; Introduction and objectives: The new techniques of mass genome sequencing have revolutionized the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Our overall objective is to illustrate the genomic diagnostic approach of neurological pathology by presenting three cases. To do this we will: explore bioinformatic annotation tools and functional interpretation of variants, describe an algorithm for exome data analysis and to correlate these results with our phenotype-genotype -functional pathway. Material and methods: We included 3 patients who attended the talks with chronic and progressive neurological symptoms. We sequenced the exome in all three. We performed the analysis through annotation and functional bioinformatic tools Results: Algorithms genomic diagnostic approach were developed for each case. In case 1 the diagnosis was reached Leukodystrophy associated with the following mutations POLR3A c.G3781A: p.E1261K and c.G3014A: p.R1005H. In case 2 the diagnosis was probable syndromic mental retardation secondary to homozygous mutation p.Arg198* for GRIK2. And finally in case 3 the cause of hereditary spastic paraparesis was compound heterozygous pathogenic haplotype c.6763insA and c.6726A > T, p.Gln2242His in SPG11. Conclusions: The genomic diagnostic approach along with a complete clinical evaluation is useful for addressing neurological pathology allowing genotype and phenotype correlation with functional pathways arriving to a solid molecular diagnosis.

Building a Species Conservation Strategy for the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Argentina in the context of yellow fever outbreaks Agostini, Ilaria; Holzmann, Ingrid; Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago; Oklander, Luciana Inés; Kowalewski, Miguel Martin; Beldomenico, Pablo Martín; Goenaga, S.; Martínez, Mariela Florencia; Moreno, Eduardo S.; Lestani, Eduardo; Desbiez, Arnaud L. J.; Miller, Philip The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is endemic to South America?s Atlantic Forest, with a small population extending into the northern portion of Misiones province in northeastern Argentina. In 2012, the species was classified as Critically Endangered in Argentina due to its highly restricted distribution, low population density and dramatic declines from recent Yellow Fever outbreaks. In March 2013, we organized an international workshop in Misiones to evaluate population status in Argentina and conduct a threat analysis. We developed population viability models using Vortex and Outbreak software packages. These tools allowed us to explore how several biological and demographic parameters of brown howlers, as well as factors related to Yellow Fever epidemiology, affect the probability of species extinction. The discussion among diverse specialists and analysis of model results identified Yellow Fever as the main threat to brown howler population persistence in Argentina. Our threat analysis, focused on the dynamics of Yellow Fever outbreaks and their impact on howler populations, led to the identification of gaps in knowledge that helped prioritize objectives and actions for the development of a Species Conservation Strategy in Argentina.; El mono aullador marrón (Alouatta guariba clamitans) es endémico del Bosque Atlántico de América del Sur, con una pequeña población que se extiende en la porción norte de la provincia de Misiones en el noreste de Argentina. En el año 2012, debido a su reducida distribución geográfica, su baja densidad poblacional y al dramático impacto de los recientes brotes de Fiebre Amarilla, la especie fue categorizada en Argentina como “en peligro crítico”. En el mes de marzo de 2013 organizamos un taller internacional en Misiones con el objetivo de evaluar el estado de la población de esta especie en Argentina y llevar a cabo un análisis de las principales amenazas para su conservación. Para alcanzar estos objetivos construimos modelos de viabilidad poblacional utilizando los programas Vortex y Outbreak. Los mismos nos permitieron explorar cómo varios parámetros biológicos y demográficos de la especie, así como diversos factores relacionados al impacto de la Fiebre Amarilla, influyen sobre la probabilidad de extinción de la especie. La discusión entre los distintos especialistas y el análisis de los resultados de los modelos identificaron a la Fiebre Amarilla como la principal amenaza para la subsistencia de esta población en Argentina. El análisis de las amenazas se centró en la dinámica de los brotes de Fiebre Amarilla y la severidad de su impacto sobre la población de esta especie, lo que permitió identificar huecos en el conocimiento que permitieron priorizar objetivos y acciones a llevar a cabo para el desarrollo de una estrategia de conservación para esta especie en Argentina.

Obesidad por índice de masa corporal y obesidad central en adolescentes de Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia Argentina; Obesity by BMI and central obesity in adolescents from Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia Argentina Ponce, Graciela M.; Quezada, Andrés O.; Rodríguez, María A; Boeri, Mónica P.; Soto, Mariana S.; Brites, Fernando Daniel Antecedentes: La prevalencia de obesidad infantil y adolescente resulta relevante ya que con frecuencia el sobrepeso a esa edad persistirá en la vida adulta. Objetivo: Determinar sobrepeso y obesidad en una población adolescente de Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia Argentina. Métodos: Se utilizaron las tablas propuestas para el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC) por los siguientes tres grupos: International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó el grado de concordancia en las definiciones, en relación a las tablas empleadas. Se estudiaron por muestreo no probabilístico y consecutivo, 402 voluntarios (279 mujeres y 123 varones) de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 ± 0,5 años. Con consentimiento escrito de los padres y asentimiento de los voluntarios, se midió peso, talla presión arterial y CC. Se calcularon percentiles del IMC y de la CC. Resultados: Al utilizar tanto las tablas IOTF como CDC más del 40 % de la población presentó sobrepeso u obesidad según el IMC. No se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al evaluar sobrepeso según sexo mientras que los varones presentaron mayores índices de obesidad con ambas definiciones (p<0,01). Cuando se empleó la CC (OMS, CDC), no se observaron diferencias según sexo (p>0,05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad es elevada tanto al considerar percentiles tanto de IMC, como de CC. El grado de acuerdo de las definiciones es adecuado. Estos resultados aportan información regional inexistente hasta este momento y alertan sobre una situación que requiere una urgente intervención sanitaria.; Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is important because it will frequently persist in adult life. Objective: To determine overweight and obesity in a group of adolescents from Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentine Patagonia through the use of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods: Obesity Taskforce (IOTF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Word Health Organization (WHO) tables were used. The agreement degree in the definitions was evaluated in relation with the tables used. 402 volunteers were studied, aged between 12 to 16 years old ± 0.5. Written parental consent and assent of volunteers were obtained. Anthropometry, blood pressure were measured, andbody mass index and waist circumference´s percentile (Pc) were calculated. Results: Over 40 % of the adolescents were obese or overweight (BMI equal or major 95 or 85, respectively). There weren´t significant statistic difference between overweight and gender while the males showed majors obesity index with both definitions (p<0.01). There wasn’t significant statistical difference with gender with the use of circumference waist (WHO, CDC) (p>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is high with both BMI, as waist circumference percentiles. The degree agreement of the definition is adequate. These results contribute regional information that actually it is non-existent up to now and it alert about a situation that requires an urgent sanitary intervention.

Shifts in microbial community structure and function in light- and dark-grown biofilms driven by warming Romaní, Anna; Borrego, Carles M.; Diaz Villanueva, Veronica; Feixa, Anna; Gaush, Frederic; Ylla, Irene Biofilms are dynamic players in biogeochemical cycling in running waters and are subjected to environmental stressors like those provoked by climate change. We investigated whether a 2°C increase in flowing water would affect prokaryotic community composition and heterotrophic metabolic activities of biofilms grown under light or dark conditions. Neither light nor temperature treatments were relevant for selecting a specific bacterial community at initial phases (7-day-old biofilms), but both variables affected the composition and function of mature biofilms (28-day-old). In dark-grown biofilms, changes in the prokaryotic community composition due to warming were mainly related to rotifer grazing, but no significant changes were observed in functional fingerprints. In light-grown biofilms, warming also affected protozoan densities, but its effect on prokaryotic density and composition was less evident. In contrast, heterotrophic metabolic activities in light-grown biofilms under warming showed a decrease in the functional diversity towards a specialized use of several carbohydrates. Results suggest that prokaryotes are functionally redundant in dark biofilms but functionally plastic in light biofilms. The more complex and self-serving light-grown biofilm determines a more buffered response to temperature than dark-grown biofilms. Despite the moderate increase in temperature of only 2°C, warming conditions drive significant changes in freshwater biofilms, which responded by finely tuning a complex network of interactions among microbial populations within the biofilm matrix

Trophic ontogenetic shifts of the dragonfly Rhionaeschna variegata: the role of larvae as predators and prey in Andean wetland communities Jara, Fabian Gaston Body size strongly influences the type and strength of species interactions. Animals with complex life cycles, such as dragonflies, usually go through different stages that include a variation in body size and may involve shifts in their trophic position in the food web. This investigation analyzes the position of the dragonfly Rhionaeschna variegata in the food web according to its body size in Andean wetland communities of northwestern Patagonia (Argentina). The phenology of R. variegata larvae and their potential intraguild predators were studied in wetlands with different hydroperiods. Under controlled experimental conditions, feeding trials were performed to assess the effect of R. variegata on the survivorship of different types of prey. The effects of cannibalism and intraguild predation on the survivorship of the small larvae of R. variegata were investigated with and without alternative prey as well as different sympatric predators. The phenology of R. variegata and intraguild predators differed among wetlands. The feeding trials showed that R. variegata has a significant effect on the survivorship of invertebrate and vertebrate prey. Cannibalism increased with body size in odonate larvae. The survivorship of small and medium-sized larvae was mainly affected by the presence of larger predators such as belosmatids. The field and experimental data show that the effect of intraguild predation and cannibalism is affected by the cohort dynamics of R. variegata. Body size in R. variegata determines the strength of its interaction with other components of the community.

Adherence in a pavement rehabilitated with a polymeric grid used as interlayer Delbono, Héctor Luis; Giudice, Carlos Alberto A polymeric grid was placed between layers of a pavement with the aim of preventing the reflection of cracks from the base material to the upper layer. Results explain why the usual faults that occur in rehabilitated pavements: (i) chemical modifications of geosynthetic polypropylene determined by FTIR lead to changes in its melting point; (ii) the discontinuity or continuity of the interface observed by SEM depends on the application temperature of the asphalt mix and (iii) the adherence obtained in laboratory tests correlates perfectly with the quoted chemical modifications of geosynthetic polypropylene and the structure of interface in multilayer pavements.

El arte rupestre del nordeste de la Meseta de Somuncurá: caracterización inicial e integración regional (nordpatagonia, Argentina) Blanco, Rocío Vanesa; Miotti, Laura Lucia; Carden, Natalia Marina En este trabajo se presenta el análisis comparativo de tres localidades con arte rupestre asociadas a lagunas en el sector oriental de la meseta de Somuncurá: Laguna La Maciega, Laguna Azul y El Ganso. Esta información se inserta, posteriormente, en un contexto regional, considerando una amplia diversidad de sitios con manifestaciones rupestres ubicados sobre esta altiplanicie y en sus inmediaciones. Los resultados obtenidos en una escala mesorregional señalan una alta diversidad de motivos y técnicas que se acentúa en Laguna La Maciega. Esta diversidad, junto con el análisis de las pátinas, sugiere la posibilidad de usos recurrentes de las mencionadas cuencas. La evaluación de los contextos arqueológicos asociados al arte rupestre en Nordpatagonia permite enmarcar a la circulación de estas imágenes en la dinámica social del Holoceno tardío.