Novel evidence for the specific interaction between cholesterol and α-haemolysin of Escherichia coli Vazquez, Romina Florencia; Maté, Sabina María; Bakás, Laura S.; Fernández, Marisa Mariel; Malchiodi, Emilio Luis; Herlax, Vanesa Silvana Several toxins that interact with animal cells present some kind of interaction with cholesterol (Cho) or sphingomyelin. In the present work we demonstrate that alpha hemolysin of E. coli (HlyA) interacts directly with Chocholesterol, resulting in one of the first reported toxins secreted by Gram negative bacteria and the first reported member of the RTX toxin family that participates in the interaction with this sterol. We have recently reported that HlyA became associated with detergent-resistant membranes enriched in sphingomyelin and Chocholesterol; moreover, after Cho depletion, toxin oligomerization and hence hemolytic activity diminishes. Considering these results we studied the insertion process by monolayer technique, finding that HlyA insertion into membranes is favouredfavored in sphingomyelin and Chocholesterol-containing membranes. Taking into account this result, the direct interaction with either of the lipids was studied by lipid dot blot, lysis inhibition and surface plasmon resonance assays. Results demonstrated that there isit exists a direct interaction between Chocholesterol and HlyA that seems to favoursfavors a conformational state of the protein that allows the correct insertion into the membrane and further oligomerization to pore formation.

Applications of Stable Isotope Analysis in Zooarchaeology: An Introduction Zangrando, Atilio Francisco Javier; Tessone, Augusto; Ugan, A.; Gutierrez, Maria Amelia This special volume brings together works that present cases of studies that combine analysis of stable isotopes and zooarchaeology in different areas of Chile and Argentina, with special emphasis on the latter. These analyses were conducted in order to examine paleoecological conditions and interactions between humans and animal resources in different spatial and temporal contexts. In this introduction, we examine three ways in which stable isotopes have been applied in zooarcheology: (i) past animal-human relations, (ii) stable isotopes and zooarchaeology in conservation biology, and (iii) species biogeography, climate, and environment. The implications of the results of each of the papers in this volume stress that this type of study is a fruitful and promising line of research as it expands the thematic spectrum investigated, tests archaeological hypothesis, explores new lines of analysis, and enriches the interpretations about the past.

Synthesis and multi-technique characterization of nickel loaded MCM-41 as potential hydrogen-storage materials Carraro, Paola María; Elías, Verónica Rita; Garcia Blanco, Andres Alberto; Sapag, Manuel Karim; Moreno, Mario Sergio Jesus; Oliva, Marcos Iván; Eimer, Griselda Alejandra Ni/MCM-41 samples have been successfully prepared by wet impregnation method with different degrees of metal loading. Various techniques including X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption?desorption, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, UV?Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, infrared analysis, adsorption of pyridine coupled to infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen adsorption at 77 K at high and low pressure conditions were employed for the materials characterization. The Ni loading degree had a marked influence on the structural, chemical, acid and hydrogen storage properties of the samples. Thus, a low Ni loading favors the presence of highly dispersed Ni species responsible of the Lewis acidity. These species would promote hydrogen-favorable sites leading to a positive effect on the hydrogen storage capacity.

Another migid in the wall: natural history of the endemic and rare spider Calathotarsus simoni (Mygalomorphae: Migidae) from a hill slope in central Argentina Ferretti, Nelson Edgardo; Copperi, Maria Sofia; Schwerdt, Leonela Vanesa; Pompozzi, Gabriel Alejandro A population of Calathotarsus simoni Schiapelli and Gerschman (1975) was discovered on a hillside in the Ventania system, Argentina. Our objectives were to quantify burrow density, record burrow morphology and door characteristics and describe the micro-habitat. We counted 57 burrows and report a density of 0.01 burrows/m2. Aggregation indices suggest that burrows are aggregated under some area plots but more evenly distributed on others. The trapdoor is thick and rigid with bevelled edges connected to the entrance rim by a narrow articulated hinge. Two egg sacs from females were obtained and data on eggs and spiderlings are presented. We registered six burrows of an undetermined species of Actinopus. While a few specimens of Actinopus sp. were found inhabiting this hillside, the highest proportion of burrows belonged to C. simoni. Spider diversity on the hillside shows the predominance of Linyphiidae, Nemesiidae and Gnaphosidae. One juvenile of C. simoni was captured using pitfall traps.

Diversidad y endemismos de peces de la Cordillera Argentina. Amenazas Fernandez, Luis Alfredo Generalmente se usan indistintamente Diversidad o Biodirversidad como sinónimos de Riqueza (R). Cuando en realidad la mayoría de las veces sería más correcto hablar de Riqueza, que puede ser definida como el número de especies de fauna y flora presentes en un determinado espacio (ecosistema, bioto¬po, superficie o volumen) y en un determinado período de tiem¬po. Al contrario, la Diversidad toma en cuenta no sólo el número de especies diferentes (R) sino también su abundancia. Un Endemismo es un taxón que tiene una distribución restringida, es decir, que está sólo presente en un área determinada y que no se encuentra de forma natural en ninguna otra parte del mundo. Es un concepto estrictamente relativo ya que la distribución considerada debe ser menor que el área total considerada. Así el taxón bajo estudio (género, familia, etc.) puede ser endémico de una cordillera, una cuenca, un país o un continente dependiendo de la escala. Así Silvinichthys es un género ampliamente distribuido en la región oeste de la Argentina, pero a mayor escala es endémica de la Cordillera o de Argentina, ya que hasta el momento no fue hallada más allá de los Andes ni tampoco en otros países.

Genetic analysis of anthracnose resistance in Jalo Pintado 2 dry bean cultivar Frias, A. A. T.; Castro, S. A. L.; Nanami, D. S. Y.; Lacanallo, G. F.; Souza, M. C. M.; Galván, Marta Zulema; Gonçalves Vidigal, M. C. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide (Pastor-Corrales and Tu, 1989). Search for new sources of resistance have been the objective of many breeding programs, since genetic resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly management strategy for the control of anthracnose disease in common bean. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic resistance to anthracnose in the Andean cultivar Jalo Pintado 2.

Evidence of low levels of genetic diversity for the Phytophthora austrocedrae population in Patagonia, Argentina Velez, Maria Laura; Coetzee, M. P. A.; Wingfield, M. J.; Rajchenberg, Mario; Greslebin, Alina Gabriela Phytophthora austrocedrae is a recently discovered pathogen that causes severe mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis in Patagonia. The high level of susceptibility of the host tree, together with the distribution pattern of the pathogen, have led to the hypothesis that P. austrocedrae was introduced into Argentina. The aim of this study was to assess the population structure of P. austrocedrae isolates from Argentina in order to gain an understanding of the origin and spread of the pathogen. Genetic diversity was determined based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In total, 48 isolates of P. austrocedrae were obtained from infected A. chilensis trees, representing the geographical range of the host. Four primer combinations were used for the AFLP analysis. Of the 332 scored bands, 12% were polymorphic. Gene diversity (h) ranged from 0·01 to 0·03; the Shannon index (I) ranged from 0·01 to 0·04. A high degree of genetic similarity was observed among the isolates (pairwise S values = 0·958–1; 0·993 ± 0·009, mean ± SD). A frequency histogram showed that most of the isolate pairs were identical. Principal coordinate analysis using three-dimensional plots did not group any of the isolates based on their geographical origin. The low genetic diversity (within and between sites) and absence of population structure linked to geographic origin, together with the aggressiveness of the pathogen and the disease progression pattern, suggest that P. austrocedrae might have been introduced into Argentina.

Creep dynamics of viscoelastic interfaces Jagla, Eduardo Alberto The movement of a purely elastic interface driven on a disordered energy potential is characterized by a depinning transition: when the pulling force σ is larger than some critical value o1 the system is in a flowing regime and moves at a finite velocity. On the other hand, if o < o1 the interface remains pinned and its velocity is zero. We show that in the case of a one-dimensional interface, the inclusion of viscoelastic relaxation produces the appearance of an intervening regime between the pinned and the flowing phases in a well-defined stress interval o0 < o < o1, in which the interface evolves through a sequence of avalanches that give rise to a creep process. As o - o0+ the creep velocity vanishes as a power law. As o < o0+ the creep velocity increases as a power law due to the increase of the typical size of the avalanches. The present observations may serve to improve the understanding of fatigue failure mechanisms.

Conservation of migratory Magellanic penguins requires marine zoning Stokes, David L.; Boersma, P. Dee; Lopez de Casenave, Javier Nestor; Garcia Borboroglu, Jorge Pablo Conservation of migratory species requires an understanding of their migration path and pattern. We used band returns and satellite tracking to characterize the seasonal migration of Magellanic penguins breeding in southern Argentina, with the purpose of identifying an effective conservation approach for this species. Band returns show these penguins migrate annually to the coastal waters of northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, an average one-way distance of approximately 2000 km, and a modal distance of 2300–2400 km. Satellite data indicate that the penguins follow a migration corridor within 250 km of shore. Mean migration distance varied among years. Juveniles migrated farther on average than older birds, although migration distance of different age classes overlapped substantially. Mortality rates during migration were higher among younger birds, and juvenile mortality rate during migration was inversely correlated with cohort survival, indicating that mortality during migration is an important determinant of population recruitment. A minimum of 13% of the migration-period mortality we recorded resulted from fisheries bycatch and oil pollution. Because of the penguin’s mode of travel (swimming at or near the surface), the large spatial extent of its migration, and the intensity of human use of the area, effective conservation through conventional coastal marine reserves is unlikely. Marine zoning is an alternative that could provide the spatial scale and flexibility necessary to accommodate both penguin migration and human activities. As the waters traversed by Magellanic penguins are among the most threatened in Latin America, zoning for protection of this wide-ranging and charismatic species can also protect regional biodiversity.

Leuconostoc bacteriophages from blue cheese manufacture: long-term survival, resistance to thermal treatments, high pressure homogenization and chemical biocides of industrial application Pujato, Silvina; Guglielmotti, Daniela Marta; Ackerman, Hans W.; Patrignani, Francesca; Lanciotti, Rosalba; Reinheimer, Jorge Alberto; Quiberoni, Andrea del Lujan Nine Leuconostoc mesenteroides phages were isolated during blue cheese manufacture yielding faulty products with reduced eye formation. Their morphologies, restriction profiles, host ranges and long-term survival rates (25ºC, 8ºC, -20ºC and -80ºC) were analyzed. Based on restriction analysis, six of them were further examined regarding resistance to physical (heat and high pressure homogenization, HPH) and chemical treatments (ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, biocides A, C, E and F). According to their morphology, Ln. mesenteroides phages studied in the present work belonged to Caudovirales order and Siphoviridae family. Six distinct restriction patterns were obtained with EcoRV, HindIII, ClaI and XhoI enzymes, revealing interesting phage diversity in the dairy environment. No significant reductions in phage counts were observed after ten months of storage at -20ºC and -80ºC, while slightly and moderate decrease in phage numbers were noticed at 8ºC and 25ºC, respectively. Phages subjected to heat treatments generally showed high resistance at 63ºC and moderate resistance at 72ºC. However, 80ºC for 30 min and 90ºC for 2 min led to complete inactivation of viral particles. In general, the best ethanol concentration tested was 75%, as complete inactivation for most Leuconostoc phages within 30 min of incubation was achieved. Peracetic acid, biocides A, C, E and F were highly effective when used at the same or at a moderately lower concentration as recommended by the producer. Usually, moderate or high concentrations (600-1600 ppm) of sodium hypochlorite were necessary to completely inactivate phage particles. Leuconostoc phages were partially inactivated by HPH treatments as remaining viral particles were found even after 8 passes at 100 MPa. This is the first report of Ln. mesenteroides phages isolated from an Argentinean dairy cheese plant. Results of this work could be useful for establishing the most effective physical and chemical treatments for inactivating phages in industrial plants and laboratory environments

Utilización de la espectroscopía de fluorescencia para la evaluación de la estabilidad oxidativa de carne bovina en almacenamiento. Pouzo, Laura Beatriz; Rossetti, Luciana; Descalzo, Adriana Maria; Pavan, Enrique Se definieron cuatro tratamientos dietarios en base al tipo de suplemento ofrecido a novillos en pastoreo: CNTRL (sin suplemento); LINO-0 (Maíz, tradicional); LINO-1 (Maíz + 1 nivel de lino); LINO-2 (Maiz + 2 niveles de lino). Las condiciones de almacenamiento fueron: al vacío (EV; 3, 14 y 56 días) y exposición en bandeja (EA; 0 y 5 días). Fueron detectados diferentes compuestos fluorósforos en carne: residuos de triptófano, compuestos de oxidación y porfirinas. El triptófano se incremento a los 56 d de EV, pero tendió a disminuir a los cinco días de EA; las porfirinas incrementaron gradualmente durante el EV de la carne pero disminuyeron durante la EA, los productos de oxidación incrementaron en ambos almacenamientos. Este estudio reveló el potencial de la señales de fluorescencia para detectar cambios oxidativos en carne almacenada con un método rápido y no destructivo.

Critical size defect regeneration by rhPTH collagen membrane as a new tissue engineering tool Missana, Liliana Raquel; Jammal, María Victoria Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (rhPTH 1-34) administration is an effective treatment to improve bone mass in osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to develop a Tissue Engeenering Tool for bone regeneration. We evaluated the efficacy of a freeze dried rhPTH membrane in calvarial critical size defect (CZD). 44 Wistar female rats (body weight 150 ± 50 g) with CZD (5mm) were divided into 4 groups: group 1: rhPTH membrane (rhPTHm); group 2: atelocollagen membrane (Cm); group 3: rhPTH and atelocollagen I (CrhPTHm); group 4: without any treatment (CG). All samples were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd and 6th weeks (wks) post-surgery by soft X-ray, histological and histometric studies. Soft X-ray results showed a radiolucent image with many irregular radiopaque areas. Histologically, rhPTHm was replaced by reticular bone (7%) since 3rd wk, and lamellar bone ossicles (30%) at 6th wk. Cm showed bone formation like composite bone type on wk 1st, 3rd and 6th (2%, 44% and 41% respectively). With CrhPTHm, bone formation was observed in all periods (2.4%, 48% and 53%), showing statistical difference with CG in the 3rd and 6th wks (p= 0.03 and 0.01). Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of a new biomaterial called CrhPTHm because its ability to regenerate calvarial CZD. Moreover, the membrane represents a new local intermittent delivery system allowing rhPTH slow release.

Do aquatic plant assemblages in the Paraná River change along the river's length? Neiff, Juan Jose; Casco, Sylvina Lorena; Mari, Eliana Karina Alejandra; Di Rienzo, Julio Alejandro; Poi, Alicia Susana G. We studied the distribution pattern of aquatic plants along the Paraná River from its confluence with the Iguazú River to the Delta (2366. km). At three representative locations, Upper Paraná, Lower Paraná, with Paraná-Paraguay confluence and Paraná-Santa Fe section and, Delta, data were collected during extreme low waters (limnophase) and high waters (potamophase). Species richness and abundance at 325 sites were analyzed for both periods using β diversity and the Indicator Species Analysis (ISA). To evaluate the importance of species-hydrological-phase combinations, linear discriminant analysis was applied. We compared hydrological time series at the same sites using PULSE software. Although there are differences in species richness along the river, we found no clear longitudinal pattern in the distribution and diversity of vegetation along the course of the river. From a total of 62 species for the entire study area, the ISA separated 17 indicator species. There are indicator species in each section and hydrological phase, although 29% of the total was recorded in all river sections. Estimates of β diversity (spatial turnover of species) among the river sections was higher during low water (β= 16%) than during high water (β= 11%) and varied between 12 and 58% among plots depending on the hydrological phase. Results of this study will contribute to incorporate spatial variation into pulse regime theories of large floodplain rivers. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Composition of the diet of Netta peposaca (Birds: Anseriformes) in Santa Fe province, Argentina Olguin, Pamela Fernanda; Attademo, Andres Maximiliano; Beltzer, Adolfo Hector; Ronchi Virgolini, Ana Laura; Lorenzón, Rodrigo Ezequiel; Caselli, Elsa Andrea; Arce, Sofía Irene; Percara, Alejandro Rubén César We examined the diet of the Rosy-billed Pochard, Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816), (n = 59) during the autumn of 2010 in Santa Fe province, Argentina. Were analyzed a total of 59 ducks (n = 37 females and n = 22 males) to assess their gastrointestinal contents. The trophic spectrum was composed of 16 taxa (plant fraction: animal fraction 9 and 7). The contribution of each food category estimated using the IRI was: Echynochloa sp. (Poaceae) = 4301, Polygonum sp. (Polygonaceae) = 956, and unidentified graminoid species = 53 (females: Echynochloa sp. = 4313, Polygonum sp. = 1095 and males: Echynochloa sp. = 5522, Polygonum sp. = 814). No significant differences were found between females and males in diet composition (Fisher's test, p < 0.05). Moreover, the diversity index (H') was significantly (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05) different between sexes. The Rosy-billed Pochard showed a predominantly phytophagous feeding habit in autumn. Likewise, this is the first contribution on the sexual differences in the feeding biology of the Rosy-billed Pochard.

Las (sin) razones del justo Grassi, Martín El presente trabajo es una meditación en torno a la relación entre la ética y el derecho, a partir de la imposibilidad de responder completamente por el otro que reclama nuestra atención y reconocimiento. Frente a una ética de la prudencia y del equilibrio, la ética atravesada por la idea del amor –como contrapunto dialéctico de la justicia– se constituye desde el desequilibrio y la desmesura correlativa a la infinita responsabilidad que tenemos por el otro. De allí que el justo actúa desde (sin)razones, en una tensión nunca resuelta entre las mediaciones jurídicas y la exigencia ética.

La democratización del bienestar en el peronismo (1945-1955): ¿ruptura o continuidad con el pasado?; Democratization of welfare during Peronism (1945-1955): Rupture or continuity with the past? Schteingart, Daniel Matías En este trabajo se procurará analizar en qué medida las dos primeras presidencias de Juan Perón implicaron una profundización de tendencias de movilidad social ascendente que ya habían existido anteriormente en la sociedad argentina, y en qué grado supusieron una real novedad con el pasado. Esto nos obligará a articular la investigación en torno de dos grandes ejes: en primer lugar, se estudiarán dichas rupturas y continuidades en el plano material -es decir, en lo que atañe a las condiciones objetivas de vida-, para luego complementar el análisis con lo ocurrido en la esfera simbólica -o sea, cómo la experiencia del peronismo alteró las subjetividades de las clases trabajadoras y de los sectores medios y cómo incidió en la constitución de una “memoria histórica” tras el derrocamiento de Perón en 1955-. La hipótesis central de este trabajo es que, en el plano material, el peronismo vino a acelerar y generalizar tendencias a la “democratización del bienestar” que, en algunos aspectos, ya habían existido en la sociedad argentina hasta por lo menos 1930 (por ejemplo, en lo que atañe al mejoramiento del poder adquisitivo de la población, o en lo que respecta a la vivienda, la educación y la salud) pero, a la vez, dicha profundización de las tendencias a la “democratización del bienestar” generó rupturas en el registro de lo simbólico, que dieron lugar a grandes conflictos.; The aim of this paper is to analyze to which point Juan Perón's two first presidencies implied a deepening in the trend of upward social mobility (which had already existed previously in Argentine society), and to which degree they imposed a real change in relation to the past. This will lead to an articulation of the investigation around two central concepts: firstly, there will be a study of said interruptions and continuities in the material realm - which is to say, that which regards objective life conditions- to later complement the analysis with the events that took place in the symbolical realm -that is, how the Peronist experience altered the subjetivities of the working classes and middle sectors and how it participated in the constitution of an "historical memory" after Perón's overthrow in 1955-. The central hypothesis of this paper is that, in the material realm, Peronism came to accelerate and generalize trends towards the "democratization of welfare" which, in some aspects, had been present in Argentine society up until at least 1930 (for example, as what concerns the improvement of the people's acquisitive power, or what concerns housing, education and healthcare) but, at the same time, said deepening of the trends towards "democratization of welfare" lead to interruptions in the record of the symbolical realm, which gave leeway to great conflict.

Las ciudades y sus muros de cristal: Ajuste neoliberal y lecciones de una experiencia en el noroeste argentino; The cities and their glass walls: Neoliberal adjustment in an experience in northwestern Argentina Bergesio, Liliana del Carmen; Golovanevsky, Laura Andrea En este artículo se discuten algunas consecuencias de las políticas neoliberales de la década de 1990 en Jujuy (Argentina), a partir del estudio de los cambios en el entramado urbano de su capital. Con el surgimiento y desarrollo explosivo del barrio Alto Comedero se observa cómo las políticas neoliberales profundizaron la separación entre sectores sociales, generando procesos de relegación de grupos desfavorecidos a zonas alejadas e invisibles de la ciudad, dejando marcas indelebles en el imaginario, las subjetividades y las condiciones materiales de vida de tales grupos.; In this article we discuss some consecquences of neoliberal policies in 1990’s decade in Jujuy (Argentina), based on the study of changes that took place in the urban scenery of its capital city. Throughout the emergence and explosive development of a local district called Alto Comedero we observe how neoliberal policies deepened the division between social groups and relegating those less wealthy to remote and invisible parts of the city, leaving indelible marks on the imaginary, the subjectivities and the material life conditions of such groups.

Espacios sagrados en el mundo andino. Excavación de una huanca en Las Pailas (Cachi, Salta, Argentina) Paez, Maria Cecilia; Lynch, Virginia; Besa, Yamila En el mundo andino prehispánico, el estudio de las prácticas agrícolas requiere abordar el universo social y simbólico que constituye la matriz de significado,considerando que el espacio natural y social no son elementos indisociados dentro de la cosmovisión de los grupos. En este marco, nos proponemos analizar el registro material vinculado a las prácticas rituales en el sitio arqueológico de Las Pailas (Cachi, Salta). Para ello se excavó una estructura con singularidades arquitectónicas cuyo registro artefactual indicaría que allí se habrían desarrollado actividades de carácter festivo-ritual.

How Can Network-Pharmacology Contribute to Antiepileptic Drug Development? Di Ianni, Mauricio Emiliano; Talevi, Alan Network-pharmacology is a field of pharmacology emerging from the observation that most clinical drugs have multiple targets, contrasting with the previously dominant magic bullet paradigm which proposed the search of exquisitely selective drugs. What is more, drug targets are often involved in multiple diseases and frequently present co-expression patterns. Therefore, useful therapeutic information can be drawn from network representations of drug targets. Here, we discuss potential applications of drug-target networks in the field of antiepileptic drug development.

Canales aéreos y subterráneos de Las Pailas (Cachi - Salta) aproximaciones al estudio de la red hidráulica Paez, Maria Cecilia; Giovannetti, Marco Antonio La gestión del agua necesaria para los cultivos ha sido una preocupación constante en el análisis de las prácticas agrícolas campesinas andinas. Desde los momentos prehispánicos a la actualidad, el riego ha tenido un protagonismo clave en el conjunto de la vida comunal, sujeto a las reglas que gobiernan la vida social y cultural de las comunidades. Es por ello que su desarrollo no solo involucró un conjunto de características técnicas y conocimientos adquiridos, sino también una dimensión simbólico religiosa como complemento de la dimensión empírica (Van Kessel y Condori Cruz 1992). En este marco, el análisis de las variables sociales y simbólicas se muestra como un complemento obligado en el análisis de la dinámica productiva andina, acompañando los aspectos meramente técnicos vinculados a la ingeniería hidráulica. Este artículo discurre en este sentido, en consonancia con las investigaciones que venimos desarrollando en el Valle Calchaquí Norte. Para ello aquí esbozaremos los resultados de los estudios que venimos desarrollando sobre la tecnología de riego desarrollada en el sitio arqueológico Las Pailas, la que ha posibilitado y favorecido el desarrollo de una agricultura intensiva a lo largo de casi 1000 ha durante los momentos prehispánicos del desarrollo social local.; The great extension of cultivated land during prehispanic times in Las Pailas site and the technology deployed for this constitute a very distinctive aspect of the site. Almost 700 ha of fields distributed in two sectors, Las Pailas 1 and Las Pailas 2, were watered by an extensive network of canals leading water from the rivers of snowmelt and springs in the hills. Various types of air channels of simple technology, dug into the ground, uncoated are combined with complex stone-lined underground channels which required an advanced hydraulic knowledge. This paper presents the first results about the description of both morphological types, their spatial distribution and possible coordination within a network that would have allowed the artificial irrigation of cropland. We also discuss some chronological parameters about the Late and Inca periods in the region.