Reason and its living horizons in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology; La razón y sus horizontes vitales en la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl Walton, Roberto Juan Husserl rejects the contrast between human life as an irrational factum and reason as an objectifying force that is hostile to life. Hence he moves away from the incompatibility between philosophy as science and philosophy of life. This paper has two purposes. First, it attempts to analyze the sequence of living horizons of reason, i.e., to lay out a progressive bringing-into-play that begins in a primal history linked to instinct, goes through history proper with its manners of practical reason, and reaches its culmination in a second historicity with a teleological development. In his last dated manuscript, Husserl speaks of “the upright, fair reason of the natural, sound human understanding” that plays a role before “the scientific, philosophical reason” (Hua XXIX, 386). Secondly, against this background, phenomenology of reason is considered as a view that is grounded in passive fulfillments, traces theory back to life, and emphasizes the interpenetration of the various manifestations of reason. It is argued that the relationship between intention and fulfillment pervades the movement from latent to manifest reason, renders possible different modes of rational legitimation, and shows distinctive traits in each mode. With regard to the vitality of Husserlian reason, a brief epilogue for the Spanish speaking world deals with some of J. Ortega y Gasset’s views on the issue.; Husserl rechaza la contraposición entre la vida humana como un factum irracional y la razón como una fuerza objetivante hostil a la vida. Por eso se aparta de la incompatibilidad entre la filosofía como ciencia y la filosofía de la vida. Este trabajo tiene dos propósitos. Primero, intenta analizar la secuencia de horizontes vitales de la razón, es decir, desplegar una progresiva puesta-en-juego que se inicia en la protohistoria ligada al instinto, pasa a través de la historia en sentido propio con sus modalidades de razón práctica, y culmina en una segunda historicidad con un desarrollo teleológico. En su último manuscrito fechado, Husserl habla de “la proba y honrosa razón del entendimiento humano natural” que desempeña un papel con anterioridad a “la razón científica, la filosófica” (Hua XXIX, 386). En segundo lugar, frente a este trasfondo, se examina la fenomenología de la razón como una visión que se funda en cumplimientos pasivos, refiere la teoría a la vida, y pone énfasis en la compenetración de las variadas manifestaciones de la razón. Se sostiene que la relación entre intención y cumplimiento atraviesa el movimiento desde la razón latente a la razón patente, hace posible diversos modos de legitimación racional, y muestra rasgos distintivos en cada uno de los modos. Respecto de la vitalidad de la razón husserliana, un breve epílogo para hispanoparlantes considera algunos puntos de vista de J. Ortega y Gasset sobre la cuestión.

Feminismo, filosofía y literatura: Simone de Beauvoir, una intelectual comprometida Abellón, Pamela Celeste Nos proponemos interpretar la escritura híbrida literario-filosófica de Simone de Beauvoir como parte de su estrategia feminista de (auto)constitución del estilo de sujeto-mujer esbozada en El segundo sexo, lo que demuestra su compromiso social y político. Sugerimos que mediante ese estilo de escritura que la vincula a una línea de filósofos moralistas no sistemáticos, la autora francesa reconceptualiza lo que tradicionalmente una comunidad académica, hegemónicamente masculina, comprendió por “filosofía” y por “literatura”.; Our aim is to provide an interpretation based on Simone de Beauvoir´s hybrid literay-philosophical writing as part of her strategy feminist of the (self)constitution of the subject-woman style outlined in The Second Sex, which demonstrates her social and political commitment. We suggest that through this writing style that connects Beauvoir to a line of non-systematic moral philosophers, the French author reconceptualizes what traditionally an academic community, hegemonically circumscribed to males, understood by “philosophy” and by “literature.”

San José de Flores de pueblo de campaña a barrio de una megaciudad Camino, Ulises Adrián En este trabajo se sintetizan las tareas realizadas por el Proyecto Arqueológico Flores, de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, hasta el momento. Las hipótesis que guían la investigación, la metodología empleada, la bibliografía relevada, los sitios arqueológicos excavados y el marco teórico utilizado se resumen en las siguientes páginas. Se plantea además que la teoría y la metodología aquí empleada puede ser útil para analizar otras regiones urbanas de nuestro país y Latinoamérica.; Este artigo resume o trabalho realizado até o momento pelo projeto Arqueológico Flores, da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Buenos Aires. A hipótese orientadora da pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada, a literatura pesquisada, os sítios arqueológicos escavados e o quadro teórico utilizado estão resumidos nas páginas seguintes. Também se apresenta a teoria e a metodologia utilizada a fim de contribuir para analisar outras regiões urbanas de nosso país e da América Latina.; This paper summarizes the work done by the Archaeological Project Flores, Faculty of Arts at the University of Buenos Aires, so far. The hypothesis that guide the research methodology, the literature surveyed, excavated archaeological sites and the theory used are summarized in the following pages. It also claims that the theory and methodology proposed here can be used to analyze other urban regions of our country and Latin America.

La renuncia de Niels Bohr a la cosa en sí Oroño, Matías Hernán El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en reflexionar acerca de los supuestos filosóficos que subyacen a la interpretación que Bohr efectúa acerca de la mecánica cuántica. Se señala que, en última instancia, Bohr renuncia a conocer lo que las cosas son en sí mismas, retomando de ese modo el espíritu de la revolución instaurada por Kant en la historia del pensamiento occidental. En primer lugar, me ocuparé de reconstruir el argumento presente en lo que se conoce como E.P.R. En este texto es cuestionada la completitud de la mecánica cuántica. En segundo término se analizara la respuesta brindada por Bohr. Y por último, me detendré en algunas cuestiones acerca de la relación entre Kant y Bohr.; The main objective of this paper is to reflect on the philosophical assumptions underlying the interpretation made by Bohr about quantum mechanics. It is noted that, ultimately, Bohr resigns to know what things are in themselves, thus returning to the spirit of the revolution introduced by Kant in the history of Western thought. First, I will reconstruct the argument present in what is known as E.P.R. In this text is questioned the completeness of quantum mechanics. Secondly, we analyze the response given by Bohr. And finally, I will consider some questions about the relationship between Kant and Bohr.

Las disputas religiosas bajomedievales: sus presupuestos teóricos: Ramón Llull Lertora Mendoza, Celina Ana En la baja Edad Media y sobre todo en los ss. XIV y XV, asistimos a una proliferación de disputas interreligiosas, entre cristianos, musulmanes y judíos, que si bien en cierto modo reeditan prácticas anteriores, presentan, por cantidad, calidad teórica y consecuencias prácticas, una novedad histórica. Pueden clasificarse como 1. predicación; 2. enseñanza y 3. disputa. Ramón Llull puede ser considerado un pionero del diálogo interreligioso entre los monoteísmos occidentales, en el sentido de haber propuesto un nuevo enfoque a las controversias que tenían una experiencia secular cuando él escribía. Si bien toda su obra, en cierto sentido, contribuye a la idea de fundamentar la racionalidad de la creencia cristiana dedicó específicamente varias obras al diálogo interreligioso, entre ellas Libro del gentil y de los tres sabios (Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis, 1274-1276) que plantea —en forma ficcional— el motivo y el objetivo de sus esfuerzos. Una importante razón para interesarnos en el pensamiento luliano es que, en algunos aspectos, los problemas que implica el diálogo se reiteran a lo largo de los siglos, hasta la actualidad. Hay tres aspectos en su pensamiento que resultan interesantes por su originalidad y por la posibilidad de comparar y establecer analogías y diferencias con el proyecto actual: 1. Integrar el debate en el marco de la racionalidad, pero de una manera más amplia que la corrección silogística o que la cuestión de la verdad o falsedad de aserciones aisladas. 2. Buscar un objetivo específico, claro y que pueda ser compartido por los interlocutores. 3. Dar un espacio propio al agnosticismo.; In the late Middle Ages and especially in the ss. XIV and XV, we see a proliferation of interfaith disputes between Christians, Muslims and Jews, that although somewhat reissue previous practices have, for quantity, quality theoretical and practical consequences, a historical novelty. Can be classified as 1. preaching, 2. education and 3. dispute. Ramon Llull can be considered a pioneer of interreligious dialogue between Western monotheisms, in the sense of having proposed a new approach to the controversies that had centuries of experience when he wrote. While all his work, in a sense, it contributes to the idea of basing the rationality of Christian belief several works specifically devoted to interreligious dialogue, including Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men (Llibre del gentil e dels tres savis, 1274-1276) posed —fictional— as the reason and purpose of their efforts. An important reason to be interested in thinking luliano is that, in some respects, the problems involved in the dialogue are repeated throughout the centuries until today. There are three aspects of his thought that are interesting for their originality and the ability to compare and draw analogies and differences with the current project: 1. Integrate the debate in the context of rationality, but in a broader way than syllogistic correction or that the question of the truth or falsity of assertions isolated. 2. Find a specific objective, clear and can be shared by the partners. 3. Give agnosticism own space.

Ética, política y afectos en Spinoza: la cuestión de la felicidad política Volco, Agustin En el presente artículo nos proponemos interrogarnos acerca de la posibilidad de pensar una dimensión política de la felicidad en la obra spinoziana. Los problemas centrales que consideramos deben abordarse para responder a esta cuestión son, en primer lugar, el de la relación entre ética y política (es decir, la pregunta acerca del rol de la cuestión del bien en general, y del bien más preciado –la felicidad- en particular, para la vida en común), en segundo lugar, el de las modalidades posibles de relación entre lo individual, lo común, y la autoridad política, cuyo elemento constitutivo será, según entenderemos, un vínculo afectivo cuya singularidad e importancia para la comprensión de la naturaleza humana ha sido puesta de manifiesto por Spinoza en el libro III de la Ética. Por último, una vez desarrollados estos problemas, procuraremos establecer las posibilidades de concebir al interior del sistema spinoziano una dimensión de la felicidad individual y de la felicidad política.; In this article I intend to explore the conditions in which is possible to conceive a political dimension of happiness in Spinoza’s works. The main problems we think should be considered to answer to this question are, in the first place, the relation between ethics and politics (that is, the question about the role of the issue of the good in general, and the most precious good–happiness- in particular, for the common life of men); in the second place, the possible forms of the relationship between individual, common, and political authority. The fundamental element of this relationship is, we will argue, an affective bond whose singularity and importance for the understanding of human nature has been developed by Spinoza in the third book of the Ethics. Lastly, once we developed these issues, we will attempt to establish the mode in which it could be possible to conceive within Spinoza’s system a dimension of individual and political happiness.

Medios y Miedos. La cobertura de la inseguridad en la Argentina Amadeo, Belen; Aruguete, Natalia Un acontecimiento se vuelve noticia cuando los medios consideran relevante darlo a conocer al público. Para ese público, la importancia que adquieren los asuntos depende de su relación experiencial con estos o del reconocimiento y énfasis que los medios le den en sus coberturas. La construcción noticiosa de los eventos responde a múltiples factores que han sido estudiados desde diversas teorías de la comunicación. Entre ellas, desde la perspectiva del Framing, la cual plantea que el enfoque, los valores, las pautas de convivencia, los sentidos, símbolos y signos que se detectan en las coberturas mediáticas pertenecen a la sociedad que los lee. El tratamiento noticioso de los casos de delito instala en la sociedad la idea de que el concepto de ?inseguridad? es sinónimo de delito, pero en los hechos no son asimilables. En los últimos años, la ?inseguridad? se convirtió en la principal preocupación de la ciudadanía, y cuando dicho sentimiento escala se convierte en pánico y se corre el riesgo de que se extienda a toda la ciudadanía. En este contexto, cuando se estudia la cobertura de la información referida a casos delictivos se advierte el fuerte apoyo que la teoría del Framing puede prestarle al análisis de temas como el ?sentimiento de inseguridad? de Kessler (2009), el ?pánico moral? de Cohen (2009) o ?las olas de violencia? de Fernández Pedemonte (2005).

Sufriendo en el yerbal: los procesos de self en los jóvenes de familias tareferas; Suffering in the Yerbal: processes of self-construction amongst young people from harvest-gathering families; Sofrendo com o erbal: os proccessos de self em jóvens de famílias tarefeiras de erva mate Roa, María Luz En este artículo presento un análisis de los procesos de constitución del self en jóvenes de familias de cosecheros de yerba mate -tareferos y tareferas- que residen en los barrios periurbanos de la provincia de Misiones (Noreste de Argentina), indagando sobre las dimensiones corporal, situacional y emocional. Reflexiono particularmente sobre los procesos de objetivación de identidades juveniles, considerando el lugar protagónico que tiene la emoción del sufrimiento en su conformación. Al respecto, observo que los sujetos jóvenes trazan diversas estrategias ligadas a la resistencia por asumir la identidad tarefera sufrida de sus padres y madres. Tales hallazgos demuestran el lugar protagónico de la emoción corporizada en la objetivación de ciertas relaciones sociales. Para evaluar estas cuestiones, adopto una metodología etnográfica.; In this paper, the author presents an analysis of the construction of self in young people from families (known as tareferos) whose main occupation is to harvest yerba mate (a popular herb for mate infusion) and who live in peri-urban neighbourhoods in the provence of Misiones (in the North East of Argentina). The study focuses on the corporal, situational and emotional dimensions of the processes of constituting self. The author reflects particularly on the processes of objectification of the identities of young people, giving particular importance to the emotion of suffering in the formation of self. In this respect, it is noted that young people draw on various strategies linked to resistance to the identity and suffering of their parents. These findings demonstrate the important role of embodied emotion in the objectification of certain social relationships. An ethnographical approach is adopted to assess these processes.; Neste artigo la autora apresenta uma análise dos processos de constituição do self dos(as) jovens de famílias de colhedores de erva mate -tareferos- que residem nos bairros suburbanos da província de Misiones (Nordeste da Argentina), analisando as dimensões corporal, situacional e emocional. A autora reflexiona particularmente sobre os processos de objetivação de identidades juvenis, considerando o lugar protagonista que tem a emoção do sofrimento em sua conformação. Sobre esta questão, observa que os/as jovens traçam diversas estratégias ligadas à resistência por assumir (assimilar) a identidade tarefera sofrida por seus pais. Estas descobertas demonstram o lugar protagonista da emoção corporificada na objetivação de certas relações sociais. Para avaliar estas questões Roa adota uma metodologia etnográfica.

Infertilidad en Latinoamérica: en busca de un nuevo modelo; Infertility in Latin Americ: looking for a new model Luna, Florencia En este trabajo argumento que debería tomarse a la infertilidad como un problema de salud pública y analizo la situación de infertilidad en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, no apoyo una extensión y copia del modelo privado de tratamiento al ámbito público. Argumento, en cambio, a favor de la necesidad de repensar el modelo de implementación de las técnicas de asistencia en la reproducción con una mirada diferente, que debería ser amplia e inclusiva. La infertilidad está directamente ligada a la salud de la mujer, por lo tanto un enfoque legítimo desde la salud pública, para Latinoamérica, debiera formar parte de una aproximación integral a la salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas. Uno de mis objetivos es tener particularmente en cuenta el flagelo de la infertilidad secundaria en la región. Así, la nueva mirada desde la salud pública que defiendo implica hacerse cargo de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la mujer desde sus inicios, abarcando las diferentes etapas y problemas que ésta involucra, ya sea desde la adolescencia para evitar un embarazo no deseado (cuidarla para evitar enfermedades de transmisión sexual así como abortos inseguros); como en la juventud para lograr la maternidad y el hijo ansiado. También abordo el problema de la infertilidad desde una mirada ético- política. Pregunto por la falta de un planteo coherente y estratégico en Latinoamérica, sobre todo, desde el feminismo y desde posiciones progresistas.; In this article I consider the situation of infertility in Latin America and argue infertility should be considered a public health issue. However, I contest the copy of the private model of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to the public health arena. I argue instead that we should rethink the implementation procedure and stand for a holistic and inclusive proposal. My aim is to consider secondary infertility due to a lack of access to sexual health as well as the consequence of unsafe and illegal abortions whose prevalence is much higher than in Europe or the USA. This implies looking to infertility as part of our sexual and reproductive life. Thus beginning with prevention and care at adolescence where pregnancies might not be desired and continuing through all the reproductive life of the woman until the time when pregnancy and building a family might be the aim. I also bring in a political analysis of the situation and ask why there is such a reluctance to endorse ART by feminists and progressive positions in Latin America.

Entre permanecer en el jardín y el primerito: sentidos y prácticas de la educación infantil Sinisi, Liliana Dora; Petrelli, Lucia En este artículo presentamos los avances que venimos realizando en el marco de una investigación colectiva que aborda los nuevos “usos” de la diversidad, centralmente en espacios escolares. Basándonos en el trabajo de campo en una institución de Nivel Inicial de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y partiendo de un enfoque socioantropológico/etnográfco analizamos, por un lado, los sentidos entorno de lo que docentes y directivos de la institución bajo estudio -refriéndose al pasaje de los niños del nivel Inicial a la Primaria- denominan “articulación”, “permanencia” y “primerito”. Por otro lado, documentamos las prácticas que se despliegan intentando dirimir tensiones que en ciertos casos presenta el “permanecer” o el pasar de nivel. Sosteniendo como hipótesis que la obligatoriedad de la sala de cinco años genera un fuerte movimiento que afecta la estructuración del trabajo docente e impacta en la vida cotidiana de los jardines, analizamos cómo esta obligatoriedad dispuesta y una resolución del Consejo Federal de Educación se insertan en la trama institucional particular, desde la cual se las procesa. Complementariamente, sostenemos que las prácticas de los sujetos no son respuestas mecánicas a sentidos construidos con anterioridad ni van necesariamente en línea con la intencionalidad de las políticas sino que están contextuadas, atravesadas por huellas del pasado y pueden expresar, además, nuevos “usos” de la diversidad.; In this paper we present the advances of a collective research that is focused on the new “uses” of diversity, centrally in school spaces. Te feld work takes place in an institution of Initial Level of the south area of Buenos Aires City and is done from an socio-anthropological/ethnographic approach. We analyze the senses constructed by teachers and Head teachers that refer to the passage of the children of the Initial Level to Primary School, called by them “articulación”, “permanencia” y “primerito”. Along this line, we documented the practices trying to resolve tensions unfold that in certain cases and disposes the stay or the move to the next Level. Holding the hypothesis that the obligatoriness school, for fve years old children, generated a strong movement that afects the structuring of the teaching work and has correlate in the daily life of kindergarten; we analyze how this obligatoriness and the resolution of the Consejo Federal de Educación are inserted into the particular institutional framework. According to this, we proposed that the practices deployed on everyday life are not mechanistic responses to senses built before, or necessarily in line with the intent of policies. Tey are situated, contextualized and defned by traces of the past, expressing, in addition, new “uses” of diversity.

Política y ética en Aristóteles y Maquiavelo: un contrapunto para pensar la felicidad política.; Politics and ethics in Aristotle and Machiavelli: a counterpoint to think political happiness Grimmer, Luis Santiago; Lombardía, Federico Nicolás Este artículo se centra en el trabajo comparativo de las obras de Aristóteles y Maquiavelo, considerando al concepto de felicidad como su eje principal. Si bien las consideraciones del estagirita en torno a la eudaimonia son ampliamente conocidas, no ocurre lo mismo en el caso del florentino. En consecuencia, partiremos de la formulación de la siguiente hipótesis: el pensamiento de Maquiavelo efectivamente presenta una reflexión en torno a la “felicidad”, aunque de manera soslayada si tomamos como referencia la profundidad que la cuestión adquiere en Aristóteles. A partir del análisis comparativo entre los dos autores proponemos asirnos con un nuevo concepto, el de “felicidad política”. A estos fines, nuestra presentación se articula en tres partes centrales. En la primera, ubicamos brevemente la categoría de eudaimonía en el marco de la filosofía aristotélica, para luego presentar el problema de la felicidad en Maquiavelo. En la segunda parte, nos adentramos en la posibilidad de pensar la categoría “felicidad política” a partir de la comparación entre algunos de los elementos centrales de la eudaimonía aristotélica y la felicidad política maquiaveliana. Dado este paso, ubicamos a la felicidad política en el marco más amplio del quiebre entre moral religiosa y moral política.; This article centers on the comparative analysis between the works of Aristotle and Machiavelli, taking into account the notion of happiness as its backbone. Although the Stagirite’s remarks regarding eudaimonia are widely known, we can’t state the same about the Florentine. Hence, our point of departure will be the formulation of a brand new hypothesis: Machiavelli’s thought involves a consideration of happiness, though in a shaded fashion if we compare it with the thorough approach developed by the Stagirite. The comparative analysis between both authors is how we intend to grasp this new conception, political happiness. To this end, our paper is articulated in three main sections. In the first one, we briefly recount the category of eudaimonia within the Aristotelic philosophy in order to introduce the issue of happiness in Machiavelli. In the second part, we take a few steps into the prospect of thinking the category of political happiness by relating some of the essential inputs of both Aristotle’s eudaimonia and Machiavelli’s thoughts on happiness. At this stage, we place the political happiness in the frame of the broader scenery of the schism between religious morality and political morality.

Fodor`s non-conceptual representations and the computational theory of mind Destéfano, Mariela Natalia Fodor (2007; 2008) holds that the very early stages of perceptual processing operate upon non-conceptual representations. In my view, this position is incompatible with the main tenets that Fodor himself (1975; 1998a; 1998b; 2001a) has largely defended in his computational theory of mind (CTM). My aim in this paper is to present the problems CTM would face if the modules involved in perceptual processing computed non-conceptual representations. To achieve this, I will offer a trilemma whose first horn consists of the possibility that perceptual modules operate on both non-conceptual representations and representations of the language of thought (LOT). Since non-conceptual representations do not have the necessary properties to figure in a classical computational process, Fodor would have to accept that part of the perceptual modules is not explained in classical computational terms. The second horn of the trilemma is the possibility that perceptual modules may only compute nonconceptual representations. This would be a worst-case scenario, since CTM would then not explain how perceptual modules work. Finally, the last horn of the trilemma presents a third possibility in which perceptual modules operate on both non-conceptual representations and representations that are not fullblown LOT. I will argue that this position is inadequate in that it presents the same difficulties mentioned in the first and second horns of the trilemma.

Semióticas queer: subversiones simbólicas de experiencias abyectas Figari, Carlos Eduardo Este trabajo intenta dar algunas herramientas teóricas para una semiótica alternativa que nos permita pensar –tal vez intuir– un antes productivo de los cuerpos, sexos, géneros. Con este fin analizaré discursivamente unas pocas superficies históricas que articulen explicativamente las líneas teóricas aquí desarrolladas. Se trata de biografías fragmentarias tomadas de procesos de la Inquisición en América. Denomino semióticas queer a una forma de comprender performances corporales, atravesadas sobre todo por sexo/género, ora porque precedan todo significante preciso –no que no lo porten–, ora porque transgredan o reaccionen en forma práctica (no cognitiva) y se reinscriban –o no– en lo simbólico como novedad bajo formas recursivas.

Identification of the first blaCMY-2 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates obtained from cases of paediatric diarrhoea illness detected in South America Cordeiro, Nicolás F.; Yim, Lucía; Betancor, Laura; Cejas, Daniela; García Fulgueiras, Virginia; Mota, María Inés; Varela, Gustavo; Anzalone, Leonardo; Algorta, Gabriela; Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo; Ayala, Juan A.; Chabalgoity, José A.; Vignoli, Rafael The objectives of this study were to investigate clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, to characterise their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and to evaluate the possible biological cost of expressing resistance genes. Two oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella isolates obtained from children with diarrhoea were characterised. The occurrence of plasmid-encoded blaCMY-2 genes was confirmed by molecular methods and conjugation assays; transcription levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The genomic context of the β-lactamases, replicon type and addiction systems were analysed by PCR. Genomic relatedness of both isolates was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays. Growth curves, motility and invasiveness assays in Caco-2 cells were performed to analyse the bacterial fitness of both isolates. Both isolates carried a blaCMY-2-like allele in an IncI plasmid and belonged to the same MLST sequence type (ST19); nevertheless, they showed extensive differences in their PFGE profiles and virulotypes. Isolate STM709 appeared to lack the Salmonella virulence plasmid and displayed less motility and invasiveness in cultured cells than isolate STM910. qRT-PCR showed that isolate STM709 had higher blaCMY-2 mRNA levels compared with STM910. Altogether, the results suggest that a plasmid carrying blaCMY-2 could be disseminating among different clones of S. Typhimurium. Different levels of blaCMY-2 mRNA could have an effect on the fitness of this micro-organism, resulting in lower invasiveness and motility.

Variaciones sobre la felicidad: Hannah Arendt, G.W.F. Hegel, Walter Benjamin; Variations on happiness: Hannah Arendt, G.W.F. Hegel, Walter Benjamin Cuesta, Micaela El presente artículo se propone reflexionar sobre la felicidad en tres registros. El primero de ellos remite a los desarrollos de Hannah Arendt y se detiene en el derrotero histórico que se extiende desde una noción de felicidad centrada en su carácter público, a otra reducida al interés individual y replegada a la esfera privada. El olvido en que ha caído la primera de estas acepciones nos lleva a interrogar y sopesar la hipótesis según la cual la filosofía de la historia de G.W.F. Hegel habría contribuido a su solapamiento al hacer de la felicidad el objeto prohibido de su teoría. El tercer y último registro, ofrece una interpretación crítica del modo en que Walter Benjamin resitúa la cuestión de la felicidad y la historia bajo nuevas coordenadas. Nos abocamos, aquí, a la tarea de pensar a la felicidad como idea profana, y de reflexionar sobre los efectos que ello puede producir.; This paper aims to reflect on happiness on three dimensions. The first one refers to Hannah Arendt's developments, and focuses on the historical pathway that goes from a notion of happiness centered on its public nature, towards a notion restricted to the individual interest and retracted to the private sphere. The oblivion into which the first of these meanings has fallen, pushes us to interrogate and to ponder the hypothesis that Hegel's philosophy of history would have contributed to its overlapping, by making of happiness the forbidden object of his theory. The third and last dimension offers a critical interpretation of how Walter Benjamin relocates the question of happiness and history under new coordinates. We focus here to the task of thinking happiness as a profane idea, and we think about the effects it can produce.

First Report of Microcystins and Anatoxin-a Co-occurrence in San Roque Reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina) Ruiz, Marcia; Galanti, Lucas Nicolás; Ruibal, Ana Laura; Rodriguez, Maria Ines; Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto; Amé, María Valeria The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, microcystin-YR, and the neurotoxin anatoxin-a in water samples collected monthly during 1 year in San Roque reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina) to identify the environmental factors that could promote the presence of these cyanotoxins. The HPLC-UV and MS/MS analysis showed the presence of microcystin in most of the sampling times, even when Cyanobacteria were subdominant. Microcystin concentrations varied from not detectable levels to 119.0 μg L−1. Thus, they frequently surpassed the guidelines suggested by WHO for drinking water (1 μg L−1) and recreational exposure (20 μg L−1). To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of anatoxin-a in freshwaters in South America. Anatoxin-a concentrations varied from not detectable levels to 6.6 ng L−1, a thousand times below the provisional guideline adopted by New Zealand for drinking water. Microcystin showed significant correlation with Microcystis and Pseudoanabaena while anatoxin-a correlated with Oscillatoria and Anabaena counts. Linear discriminant analysis showed that higher pH levels and more variable chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured in San Roque reservoir when cyanotoxins were present. Lower inorganic nitrogen concentrations were observed in autumn, when the prevalence of Anabaena became significant in Cyanobacteria composition and highest anatoxin-a levels were measured. The observed dynamic of phytoplankton going together with the cyanotoxins occurrence could be explained by the hypothesis of cyanotoxins acting as allelopathic compounds. The microcystin levels measured plus the presence of anatoxin-a show the need of stronger management efforts to preserve human and wildlife health.

A Chiral Bis(arsine) Ligand: synthesis and applications in Palladium catalyzed asymmetric Allylic Alkylations Uberman, Paula Marina; Caira, Mino R.; Martín, Sandra Elizabeth The new chiral bis(arsine) ligand N,N′-bis[2′- (diphenylarsino)benzoyl]-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine (BiAsBA, 3), based on the backbone of the Trost modular ligand (TML), was synthesized in three steps. A useful approach to introduce the −AsPh2 group on arsine ligands by Pd-catalyzed arsination was used. The molecular structure and configuration of the BiAsBA ligand was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In the asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2- propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate very high to complete conversion and modest enantioselectivity were achieved. Despite the low enantioselectivity obtained, the bis(arsine) ligand BiAsBA showed significant potential, since it provided a higher ee value than the phosphorus-containing homologous “Trost standard ligand” (TSL) with the same substrate.

Coercivity enhancement of hexagonal ferrites Jacobo, Silvia Elena; Bercoff, Paula Gabriela Hexagonal ferrites have been widely used as permanent magnets since their discovery in the 1950s. In spite of their relatively modest magnetic properties, ferrite magnets still show the best performance-to-cost ratio and different investigators are trying to improve their magnetic capabilities by using different synthesis methods and compositions. Different scientific investigations and techniques (Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements) have allowed to optimize the permanent magnet properties of rare earth substituted hexagonal ferrite magnets such as La-Co and Nd-Co Sr and Ba ferrites. However, the solubility of rare earth ions in M-type hexaferrite is very low and their introduction leads to the formation of secondary phases, which must be avoided in order to obtain permanent magnets with optimal properties. We report results on enhanced coercivity of hexagonal Sr ferrites with Nd-Co substitution synthesized by the self-combustion method and calcination at 1100°C for two hours. The synthesis of this kind of ferrite is performed with a deficient, non-stoichiometric iron content (ratio Fe/ Sr1xRx of 10 and 11 instead of 12) in order to explore the presence of secondary phases. Comparison with samples of the same composition and stoichiometric formulation is made. Samples with lower iron content show the highest saturation magnetization, remanence and/or coercivity, indicating that the best results for applications of this ferrite will be obtained with an iron deficiency in the stoichiometric formulation. Nd substitution enhances the ferrite anisotropy and coercivity with respect to the unsubstituted sample.

Intraspecific kleptoparasitism improves chick growth and reproductive output in Common Terns Sterna hirundo García, Germán Oscar; Becker, Peter H; Favero, Marco Kleptoparasitism is a well-known foraging strategy used opportunistically by many seabirds. Here, we investigated the effect of intraspecific kleptoparasitism on chick growth and reproductive output in Common Terns Sterna hirundo. Effects were compared between two groups comprising (1) individuals using kleptoparasitism during the chickrearing period (kleptoparasitic group, n = 18), and (2) individuals in pairs that never performed kleptoparasitism throughout the season (‘honest’ group, n = 21). The null models best described variation in mass at day 3 and the pre-fledging mass, indicating no significant effect of the explanatory variables. However, the best models describing the linear growth rate (days 3–13) and peak mass included the parents’ foraging strategy (kleptoparasitic vs. honest parents) as an explanatory variable. These two growth parameters were higher in chicks of kleptoparasitic parents. Kleptoparasitic foraging strategy was also associated with higher pre-fledging survival, as the reproductive performance (i.e. number of fledglings) was significantly higher in the kleptoparasitic than in the honest group. We suggest that by stealing food (and consequently feeding offspring more frequently with high-quality prey), kleptoparasitic parents are able to produce higher quality chicks with enhanced survival.

Experimental evidence and modeling of non-monotonic responses in MOS dosimeters Faigon, Adrián Néstor; García Inza, Mariano Andrés; Lipovetzky, José; Redin, Eduardo Gabriel; Carbonetto, Sebastián Horacio; Sambuco Salomone, Lucas Ignacio; Berbeglia, F. The evolution of the threshold voltage of MOS dosimeters during irradiation under switched bias is investigated with the aim of using the sensors with a new biasing technique. The devices response to a bias change does not only depend on the instant threshold voltage and bias, and may lead to non-monotonical behavior under fixed bias following the switch. This work shows experimental evidence for this effect and presents a simple model based on oxide charge buildup and neutralization. The proposed model reproduces the experimental data assuming the existence of two types of hole traps in the oxide. Physical interpretations of the results are discussed.