Construyendo oficio: experiencias laborales de integrantes de una Planta Social de Separación en el CEAMSE; Building trade: work experiences of members of a Social Plant of Separation in CEAMSE Carenzo, Sebastian; Acevedo, Ramiro; Barbaro, Julian Matias La recuperación y clasificación de residuos ha sido considerada como una expresión acabada del trabajo "informal" y "precario". Depender de la "basura" es visto como el último recurso de aquellas personas situadas en los propios márgenes de "lo social". Estas experiencias, son generalmente caracterizadas como imagen invertida del "trabajo formal". En este trabajo presentamos resultados preliminares de un análisis realizado sobre entrevistas a integrantes de una organización comunitaria del Gran Buenos Aires. Estas personas que se abastecían ingresando al basural, son actualmente las encargadas de la gestión de una de las "plantas de clasificación y separación" habilitadas dentro del relleno1. Sostenemos la necesidad de recuperar los sentidos que estas personas conjugan para definir sus prácticas laborales, suspendiendo nociones preconstruidas como trabajo "informal", "precario", e "indecente". Como evidencian los testimonios analizados, los integrantes de este colectivo construyen estos sentidos en analogía con aquellos que configuran el mundo del trabajo formal. Particularmente, nuestro análisis destaca el modo en el cual estas prácticas de recuperación y clasificación de residuos adquieren la forma de un nuevo "oficio". Nuestros datos señalan la necesidad de repensar en las etiquetas que circulan en el mundo del trabajo y que inciden en la configuración de políticas y programas; advirtiendo que bajo formulaciones recientes acerca de la erradicación de estas prácticas se esconden intentos por desactivar iniciativas que disputan el monopolio del sistema de gestión residuos que actualmente detentan las empresas privadas de recolección y el CEAMSE.; The recovery and classification of waste has been considered a finished expression of "informal" and "precarious" work. To depend on "garbage" is seen as the last resource of those situated on the margins of "society". This experiences are often characterized as the inverted image of "formal work". In this paper we will present some preliminary results of an analysis done on interviews to members of a community organization in the Gran Buenos Aires. This people that used to supply themselves by entering the landfill, are now in charge of managing one of the "classification and separation plants" authorized inside the landfill. We support the need to recover the meanings this people combine to define their work practices, suspending preconstructed notions such as "informal", "precarious" or indecent" work. As the testimonies analyzed show, the members of this group build these meanings in analogy with those which shape the world of formal work. Particularly, our analysis emphasized the way in which these practices of recovery and classification of waste acquire the shape of a new "trade". Our data shows the need to rethink the labels which circulate in the word of work and have an incidence on the configuration of policies and programs; realizing that under recent statements about the eradication of these practices, are hidden various attempts to deactivate initiatives which dispute the monopoly of the waste management system, which now hold the private companies of refuse collection and CEAMSE.

Nuevos registros florísticos para las provincias de Mendoza y San Juan (Argentina); New floral records for the provinces of Mendoza and San Juan (Argentina) Muiño, Walter; Tamame, Maria Angelica; Beinticinco, Laura En febrero de 2012 se llevó a cabo un viaje de colecta florística a las Sierras de Uspallata (Mendoza) y al sur del departamento Calingasta (San Juan). La identificación taxonómica del material herborizado y la búsqueda de información en bases de datos permitieron constatar la presencia de Pastinaca sativa L. en la provincia de San Juan así como la de Hypochaeris tenerifolia (J.Rèmy) Dusén y Solanum tweedianum Hook en la provincia de Mendoza.; In february 2012 floral collections were made at Uspallata hills (Mendoza) and South Callingasta department (San Juan). Taxonomical identification from herborized plants and information searches in data bases allowed us to confirm the presence of Pastinaca sativa L. in San Juan province just like Hypochaeris tenerifolia (J. Rèmy) Dusén and Solanum tweedianum Hook. in Mendoza province.

Mapping and signaling of neural pathways involved in the regulation of hydromineral homeostasis Antunes Rodrigues, J.; Ruginsk, S. G.; Mecawi, A. S.; Margatho, L. O.; Cruz, J. C.; Vilhena Franco, T.; Reis, W. L.; Ventura, R. R.; Reis, L. C.; Vivas, Laura Marta; Elias, L. L. K. Several forebrain and brainstem neurochemical circuitries interact with peripheral neural and humoral signals to collaboratively maintain both the volume and osmolality of extracellular fluids. Although much progress has been made over the past decades in the understanding of complex mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine control of hydromineral homeostasis, several issues still remain to be clarified. The use of techniques such as molecular biology, neuronal tracing, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and microinfusions has significantly improved our ability to identify neuronal phenotypes and their signals, including those related to neuron-glia interactions. Accordingly, neurons have been shown to produce and release a large number of chemical mediators (neurotransmitters, neurohormones and neuromodulators) into the interstitial space, which include not only classic neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, amines (noradrenaline, serotonin) and amino acids (glutamate, GABA), but also gaseous (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) and lipid-derived (endocannabinoids) mediators. This efferent response, initiated within the neuronal environment, recruits several peripheral effectors, such as hormones (glucocorticoids, angiotensin II, estrogen), which in turn modulate central nervous system responsiveness to systemic challenges. Therefore, in this review, we shall evaluate in an integrated manner the physiological control of body fluid homeostasis from the molecular aspects to the systemic and integrated responses.

Intoxicación por plomo y su tratamiento farmacológico; Lead poisoning and pharmacological treatment Fontana, Daniela; Lascano, Valeria; Solá, Nancy; Martinez, Samanta Andrea; Virgolini, Miriam Beatriz; Mazzieri, Maria Rosa La intoxicación por plomo es un problema de salud pública. La evidencia de poblaciones afectadas por niveles tóxicos de plomo en sangre, confirma que hay que seguir trabajando desde una visión pluridisciplinar. Es necesario definir políticas para la prevención, detección, diagnostico y tratamiento de los efectos nocivos del plomo sobre la salud. Los niños constituyen el segmento de la población más vulnerable, con consecuencias de alto impacto social, como una disminución del coeficiente intelectual y deficiente desarrollo neurológico. En la práctica clínica, hay cuatro medicamentos que se usan para el tratamiento de la intoxicación crónica, son el edetato cálcico disódico IV e IM, el dimercaprol IM, la penicilamina VO y el succímero VO. Si se tiene en cuenta que sólo penicilamina está autorizada en nuestro país, el problema se torna mayor. Esta breve revisión pretende brindar información sobre la intoxicación por exposición al plomo, los tratamientos recomendados y los disponibles en nuestro país.; Lead exposure and poisoning is a public health concern. Evidence of people with toxic level of lead in blood confirms that it is necessary to keep on working from a multidisciplinary approach. There should be a well-defined policy for the prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of the harmful effects of lead. Children are the population at major risk, with high social impact consequences such as lower IQ and inadequate neurological development. There are four drugs used to treat chronic toxicity: sodium calcium edetate IV and IM, succimer (oral), dimercaprol IM, and penicillamine (oral). If we consider that the last one is the only authorized drug in our country, the problem grows bigger. This brief review offers information about lead exposure and poisoning, the recommended drug treatments and their market availability.

Mixed oxides as highly selective catalysts for the flash Pyrolysis of Phenacyl Benzotriazole: one-pot synthesis of Dibenzazepin-7-one Lener, German; Carbonio, Raul Ernesto; Moyano, Elizabeth Laura The one-pot synthesis of dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7-one (3) was selectively achieved from 1-phenacyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole (1) using the catalytic flash vacuum pyrolysis (cfvp) methodology. Catalysts with the scheelite structure ABO4 (A = Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and B = Mo6+, W6+) and fergusonite BiVO4 were explored in this new catalytic reaction. These oxides promoted high conversion of starting material at lower temperatures than those observed for noncatalytic reactions. The chemical nature of A and B cations in the scheelite structure showed a strong influence on the formation toward the desired azepinone. In addition, the catalyst’s morphology had a significant influence on the course of the cfvp reaction.

Cooperative distributed MPC for tracking Ferramosca, Antonio; Limón, Daniel; Alvarado, I.; Camacho, E. F. This paper proposes a cooperative distributed linear model predictive control strategy for tracking changing setpoints, applicable to any finite number of subsystems. The proposed controller is able to drive the whole system to any admissible setpoint in an admissible way, ensuring feasibility under any change of setpoint. It also provides a larger domain of attraction than standard distributed MPC for regulation, due to the particular terminal constraint. Moreover, the controller ensures convergence to the centralized optimum, even in case of coupled constraints. This is possible thanks to the warm start used to initialize the optimization Algorithm, and to the design of the cost function, which integrates a Steady State Target Optimizer (SSTO). The controller is applied to a real 4 tanks plant.

Do greenhouse experiments predict willow responses to long term flooding events in the field?; ¿Los experimentos en invernáculo predicen las respuestas de sauces a períodos largos de inundación a campo? Cerrillo, Teresa; Rodríguez, María Emilia; Achinelli, Fabio Germán; Doffo, Guillermo Nestor; Luquez, Virginia Martha Cristina Flooding tolerance should be included as a trait in breeding programs in forested areas where extreme flooding events lasting several months can occur. In this context, it is difficult to carry out controlled, long-term flooding experiments with big trees due to the large number of specimens to screen. The hypothesis in this work was that a relatively short-term flooding experiment in a greenhouse would be useful to select clones capable of enduring long term flooding events in the field. The survival of 4 willow clones in a long term, 12 years field trial that was subjected twice to long term flooding events, was compared with the survival, growth and gas exchange of those same clones subjected to flooding in the greenhouse for three months. There were differences in flooding survival in the field: clone AN4 showed a 100 % survival, followed by clone 395 (43 %), clone 131-27 (18 %) and clone 13-44 (14 %). In the greenhouse, all plants survived and only flooded plants of clone 13-44 experienced a statistically significant growth and stomatal conductance reduction. The flood tolerance ranking in the field and in the greenhouse only partially overlapped; the worst clone in the field could be identified in the short-term greenhouse experiment, though the best one could not. It was not possible to identify clones with tolerance to long-term flooding episodes in the field. Nevertheless, the greenhouse results were useful to identify clones showing flooding sensitivity and tolerance to short term flooding episodes.; Es necesario incluir la tolerancia a la inundación como un carácter en programas de mejoramiento para zonas forestadas donde eventos extremos de inundación que pueden durar meses son comunes. En este contexto, es difícil llevar a cabo experimentos controlados de larga duración con árboles de gran tamaño, debido al elevado número de ejemplares que es necesario evaluar. La hipótesis de este trabajo fue que un experimento relativamente corto de inundación en el invernáculo sería útil para seleccionar clones capaces de soportar eventos de inundación de varios meses en el campo. Se comparó la supervivencia de cuatro clones de sauces en un ensayo a campo que experimentó dos episodios largos de inundación a lo largo de 12 años, y la supervivencia, crecimiento e intercambio gaseoso de los mismos clones inundados por tres meses en invernáculo. Se encontraron diferencias en la supervivencia en el ensayo a campo, del clon AN4 sobrevivieron el 100 % de las plantas, seguido por el clon 395 (43%), clon 131-27 (18%) y clon 13-44 (14%). En el invernáculo, todas las plantas sobrevivieron y sólo las plantas inundadas de 13-44 experimentaron una reducción significativa del crecimiento y la conductancia estomática. El ranking de tolerancia en el campo y en invernáculo sólo coincidió parcialmente, el clon menos tolerante en el campo pudo ser identificado en el invernáculo, pero no el clon más tolerante. Si bien no fue posible identificar clones con tolerancia a episodios largos de inundación, los datos del ensayo en invernáculo permitieron identificar clones con sensibilidad a la inundación, y con tolerancia a episodios cortos de anegamiento.

Displacement of dental implants in trabecular bone under a static lateral load in fresh bovine bone Engelke, Wilfried; Müller, Alois; Decco, Oscar Alfredo; Rau, María J.; Cura, Andrea Cecilia; Ruscio, Mara L.; Knösel, Michael Aim: The study aims to provide objective data for the displacement of titanium screw implants in trabecular bone specimens. One hundred Semados implants (Bego, Bremen, Germany) were inserted in bovine type IV bone specimens. All implants had a diameter of 3.75 mm; 50 implants had a length of 8.5 mm and 50 implants had a length of 15 mm. Insertion torque was determined at intervals of 10, 20, and 30 Ncm. Implants were loaded horizontally with 10, 20, and 30 N for 2 seconds. An indicator strip was attached to the implant abutment to allow direct observation of implant movement relative to the bone surface. Horizontal displacement was assessed with an accuracy of measurement of 10 µm. Seven implants got lost by visible loosening. Degree of displacement was subject to evaluation with all others. Those implants showed a mean displacement of 59 µm for 10 N (n = 100), 173 µm for 20 N (n = 99), and 211 µm for 30 N (n = 93). The mean displacement of 15-mm implants (16, 37, 51 µm) was significantly lower compared with 8.5-mm implants (103, 311, 396 µm) corresponding to 10, 20, and 30 N as lateral loads. Conclusions: Displacement of screw implants in trabecular bone can be detected and visualized using commercially available endoscopes with a high magnification. A lateral load of 20 N indicates a mean displacement of over 100 µm and therefore results in a critical displacement.

The first steps of the Clinical Neurology in South America Allegri, Ricardo Francisco; Bartoloni, Leonardo The field of neurology in South America began to emerge toward the end of the 19th century, following the origin of the specialty in Europe. There was a consistent and long-standing admiration for European training, which led to the birth of the discipline in South America. The first steps took place almost simultaneously with European countries in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Peru. In the other countries, the development of neurology took place later in the 20th century.

Energy sources from the eggs of the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa: Isolation and characterization of lipovitellins Laino, Aldana; Cunningham, Monica Liliana; Costa, Fernando; Garcia, Carlos Fernando In oviparous species, proteins and lipids found in the vitellus form the lipoproteins called lipovitellins that are the major source of energy for the development, growth, and survival of the embryo. The energy resources provided by the lipovitellins have not yet been investigated in the Order Araneae. Using the wolf spider Schizocosa malitiosa (Lycosidae) as an experimental model, we identified and characterized the lipovitellins present in the cytosol, focusing on the energetic contribution of those lipoprotein particles in the vitellus. Two lipovitellins (LV) named SmLV1 and SmLV2 were isolated. SmLV1 is a high-density lipoprotein with 67% lipid and 3.6% carbohydrate, and SmLV2 is a very high-density lipoprotein with 9% lipid and 8.8% carbohydrate. Through electrophoresis in native conditions we observed that SmLV1 has a molecular mass of 559 kDa composed of three apolipoproteins of 116, 87, and 42 kDa, respectively. SmLV2 comprised several proteins composed of different proportions of the same subunits (135, 126, 109, and 70 kDa). The principal lipids of these lipovitellins are sphingomyelin + lysophosphatidylcholine, esterified sterols, and phosphatidylcholine. Lipovitellin-free cytosol contains abundant phospatidylcholine and triacylglyceride related to the yolk nuclei (the vitellus organizing center). The principal fatty acids of SmLV1 and SmLV2 are 18:2 n−6, 18:1 n−9, and 16:0. Spectrophotometry detected no pigments in either the lipovitellins or the cytosol. The egg caloric content was 92 cal/g, at proportions of 59.8% protein, 20.1% carbohydrate, and 19.9% lipid. SmLV1 and SmLV2 provided 19.5% and 17.1% of the calories, respectively. Both lipovitellins contribute mainly with proteins (15.8–18%), with the input of carbohydrates and lipids being lower than 1.3%.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene 677C>T polymorphism with hypertension in older women in a population of Buenos Aires City Fridman, Osvaldo; Porcile, Rafael; Morales, Analía Verónica; Gariglio Zappellini, Luis Osvaldo; Potenzoni, Miguel A.; Turk Noceto, Paula Cecilia We examined the relationship between the 677C >T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and tHcy in normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects and the influence of sex and age in a cross-sectional study. Smoking habits, history of vascular disease, diabetes, and tHcy were significantly associated with T allele as hypertension risk factors. The T allele was significantly related with higher tHcy in (i) men versus women (P < .01), (ii) men and women older than 47 years versus the younger ones (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively), (iii) HT women versus NT women (P < .01), and (iv) older HT women versus older NT women (P < .01). We found an association between the 677C>T MTHFR polymorphism and tHcy with hypertension that in women is manifested with age.

Fatty acid composition of the edible sea cucumber Athyonidium chilensis Careaga Quiroga, Valeria Pilar; Muniain, Claudia Cristina; Maier, Marta Silvia The edible sea cucumber Athyonidium chilensis is a fishery resource of high commercial value in Chile, but no information on its lipid and fatty acid composition have been previously reported. Phospholipids were the major lipid contents of the ethanolic extracts of tubules, internal organs and body wall of A. chilensis. Saturated fatty acids predominated in tubule phospholipids (40.69%), while in internal organs and body wall phospholipids the monounsaturated fatty acids were in higher amounts (41.99% and 37.94%, respectively). The main polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids were C20:2n-6, arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n-3) acids. These results demonstrate for the first time that A. chilensis is a valuable food for human consumption in terms of fatty acids.

Solid fat content determination by differential scanning calorimetry: Prior treatment and proposed correction Márquez, Andrés Leonardo; Pérez, María Paula; Wagner, Jorge Ricardo The objective of this work was to develop a corrected method for solid fat content estimation by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as important differences are usually observed between the results given by DSC and pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Cold storage after full melting of fats was necessary to avoid the appearance of exothermic peaks in the modulated temperature DSC thermograms, in order to make an appropriate estimation of melting energy. Different fats were analyzed by NMR and DSC, obtaining considerably higher solid fat content values with the latter, uncorrected method. These differences were attributed to the fact that consumed energy per unit of melted mass tends to increase with the increase of the melting temperature of each fraction of the fats. A linear correlation between melting enthalpy and melting point of different triglycerides was used to estimate the energy per unit of mass consumed at each temperature. From these data, an estimated transformation of melting energy into melted mass was performed and new solid fat content values were calculated. The results obtained from this correction were much closer to the measurements made by NMR, in comparison to the uncorrected DSC method.

Graptolites and trilobites from the Eusebio Ayala Formation (Hirnantian?–early Llandovery), Paraná Basin, eastern Paraguay Alfaro, Marta Beatriz; Uriz, Norberto Javier; Cingolani, Carlos Alberto; Tortello, Marcelo Franco; Bidone, Andrea Rosa; Galeano Inchausti, Julio César A low-diversity graptolite fauna from the upper part of the Eusebio Ayala Formation exposed in the intracratonic Paraná Basin of eastern Paraguay is reported herein. The sections studied are composed dominantly of red micaceous mudstones with intercalations of purple sandstones from a series of clay quarries (Santa Elena; Galeano; Western Itauguá) around Itauguá city. The graptolites Metaclimacograptus sp., Normalograptus cf. ajjeri (Legrand), and Normalograptus cf. medius (Törnquist) indicate an early Llandovery age for the upper Eusebio Ayala unit. Compared to coeval, postglacial successions in southwestern Gondwana, the graptolites studied have their closest affinities with those from the Rhuddanian lower Lipeón (Subandean Ranges, northwestern Argentina) and La Chilca (Precordillera) formations. In addition, a trilobite assemblage dominated by the genus Mucronaspis was collected from the Eusebio Ayala Formation type locality near Eusebio Ayala city. The latter represents an isolated small outcrop which seems to be latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) in age.

Análisis de polimorfismo de nucleótido simple en el gen FASN y su relación con características de producción en pollos Marrube, G.; Rozen, Felisa María Beatriz; Pinto, G. B.; Fassa, Valeria Beatriz; Pacienza, Natalia Alejandra; Demarco, A. N.; Romano, E. G.; Fain Binda, V.; Canet, Z.; Melo, J. E. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la posible asociación entre un polimorfismo de nucleótido simple (SNP) del gen FASN y cada uno de los siguientes caracteres productivos: Consumo de Alimento (CA), Ganancia de Peso (GP) y Peso Vivo Final (PVF). Durante la experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), se organizaron y criaron 229 pollos de familias de hermanos enteros y de medios hermanos paternos. Cada una de las aves fue alojada en jaulas individuales con agua y alimentada con pellet ad libitum. El peso corporal se registró a los 54 días de edad y luego se determinó semanalmente y en forma individual el consumo de alimento y el peso durante 21 días. Los genotipos del gen FASN fueron identificados por amplificación por PCR y digeridos por la endonucleasa Hae III. La información fenotípica fue analizada en forma independiente por ANOVA con un modelo aleatorio. No se ha demostrado que los SNP evaluados en este trabajo afecten los caracteres analizados.; The purpose of this work is to evaluate possible associations between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of FASN gene and each of the following productive traits: Feed Intake (FI), Weight Gain (WG) and Final Body Weight (FBW). At the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), 229 chickens were organized and bred in full sib and paternal half sib families, these birds were caged individually with water and fed with pellet ad libitum. Body weight was recorded at 54 days old and then individual feed intake and weight were determined weekly during 21 days. FASN gene genotypes were identified by PCR amplification and digested by endonuclease Hae III. Phenotypical data were analyzed independently by ANOVA with a random Model. The SNP evaluated in this work has not been demonstrated as affecting the considered traits.

Presence of human Papilloma Virus in a series of breast carcinoma from Argentina Pereira Suárez, Ana Laura; Lorenzetti, Mario Alejandro; González Lucano, René; Cohen, Melina; Gass, Hugo; Martínez Vázquez, Paula; González, Pedro Horacio; Preciado, María Victoria; Chabay, Paola Andrea Background: The etiology and the molecular mechanisms related to breast carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Some recent reports have examined the role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer. Methods: Sixty one fresh frozen breast cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were automatically sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics. Results: The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 26% (16/61). Clinical parameters were not statistically associated with HPV presence (p>0.05 χ2 test). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence of low risk HPV11, followed by high risk HPV16. We found no HPV transcriptional activity. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated for the first time in Argentina the presence of HPV in a proportion of the malignant breast tissues. This finding suggests that HPV may have a biological significance in breast carcinogenesis.

Abogados/as de los niños, niñas, y adolescentes: Reflexiones desde el derecho procesal; The lawyers of children and adolescents: procedural law’s perspective Robledo, Diego En este artículo presentamos la figura del abogado del niño, niña y adolescente a la luz de la Constitución Nacional, Convención Internacional sobre Derechos del Niño, la Ley Nacional N° 26061, recomendaciones y observaciones de órganos de derechos humanos, y dos casos de jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Reflexionamos sobre los derechos del niño, niña y adolescente en su faz procesal, con el derecho a ser escuchados, el interés superior del niño y el debido proceso legal, ello a la luz de las conclusiones del V Congreso Mundial sobre Derechos de la Niñez y Adolescencia (2012)del cual participamos.; In this article we present the lawyer of children under the National Constitution, Convention on the Rights of the Child, Act N°26061, recommendations and observations of International Bodiescreated for the protection of Human Rights, and two law-cases of the National High Court of Justice of Republic Argentina. We reflex about children’s rights in the judicial-procedural reality, with the right tobe heard, the superior interest of child and due process of law. Moreover, it is in light of the V Mundial Conference about Children and Adolescent’s Rights (2012).

El agotamiento del Bioma y sus consecuencias; Consequences of Biome Depletion Salvucci, Emiliano Jesus El microbioma constituye el conjunto de microorganismos asociados a un hospedero principal. Es una parte integral del superorganismo que integran los microorganismos y el hospedero y éstos han coevolucionado desde los primeros días de la existencia de la especie humana. La modificación del microbioma, sumado a los cambios en los há- bitos sociales y alimentarios del ser humano a lo largo de su historia biológica ha llevado a la emergencia de numerosas enfermedades. La visión darwinista de la naturaleza que considera a la competencia como motor evolutivo y el reduccionismo como enfoque, impiden un acertado abordaje del estudio evolutivo y la interpretación de la naturaleza. Enfoques holísticos, desprendidos de conceptos estáticos y dogmáticos, permiten un abordaje más certero, novedoso y en contacto con los hechos. Así, la reconstitución del microbioma surge como una terapia fundamental ante la emergencia de enfermedades causadas por la continua pérdida del mismo.; The human microbiome is an integral part of the superorganism together with their host and they have co-evolved since the early days of the existence of the human species. The modification of the microbiome as a result changes in food and social habits of human beings throughout their life history has led to the emergence of many diseases. In contrast with the darwinian view of nature of selfishness and competence, new holistic approaches are rising. Under these views, the reconstitution of the microbiome comes out as a fundamental therapy for emerging diseases related to biome depletion.

SpoIIIE mechanism of directional translocation involves target search coupled to sequence-dependent motor stimulation Cattoni, Diego Ignacio; Chara, Osvaldo; Godefroy, Cédric; Margeat, Emmanuel; Trigueros, Sonia; Milhiet, Pierre Emmanuel; Nöllmann, Marcelo SpoIIIE/FtsK are membrane‐anchored, ATP‐fuelled, directional motors responsible for chromosomal segregation in bacteria. Directionality in these motors is governed by interactions between specialized sequence‐recognition modules (SpoIIIE‐γ/FtsK‐γ) and highly skewed chromosomal sequences (SRS/KOPS). Using a new combination of ensemble and single‐molecule methods, we dissect the series of steps required for SRS localization and motor activation. First, we demonstrate that SpoIIIE/DNA association kinetics are sequence independent, with binding specificity being uniquely determined by dissociation. Next, we show by single‐molecule and modelling methods that hexameric SpoIIIE binds DNA non‐specifically and finds SRS by an ATP‐independent target search mechanism, with ensuing oligomerization and binding of SpoIIIE‐γ to SRS triggering motor stimulation. Finally, we propose a new model that provides an entirely new interpretation of previous observations for the origin of SRS/KOPS‐directed translocation by SpoIIIE/FtsK.

Mössbauer and vibrational DOS studies of diluted magnetic tin oxides and nano iron oxides Nomura, K.; Rykov, A. I.; Mudarra Navarro, Azucena Marisol; Rodriguez Torres, Claudia Elena; Errico, Leonardo Antonio; Barrero, Carmen Raquel; Yoda, Y. The magnetic properties and Mössbauer results for SnO2 doped with 57Fe are reviewed, and the values of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting are compared with the results obtained by ab initio calculations. It is concluded that the exchange interactions between oxygen defects and magnetic atoms are responsible for long range magnetic interactions of dilute Fe ions dispersed in SnO2. Fe atom precipitated clusters may be formed in highly Fe doped SnO2 samples by annealing at relatively high temperatures for several hours. The reduction of the particle size to nano-scale dimensions induces magnetization, which can be associated with oxygen defects. We have measured the nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) spectra of Fe oxides, and 57Fe and (Co or Mn) doped SnO2 synthesized mainly by sol–gel methods and we have derived the vibration density of states (VDOS). The local phonons are sensitive to the presence of precipitated clusters.