Sistema de planificación paciente-específico para medicina nuclear; Patient-specific planning system for nuclear medicine Pérez, Pedro Antonio; Malano, Francisco Mauricio; Valente, Mauro Andres Diferentes radionucleídos han demostrado ser apropiados para radioinmunoterapia (RI). La performance dosimétrica de cada radionucleído debe ser cuidadosamente estudiada y caracterizada antes del tratamiento. Estos estudios pueden ayudar tanto a optimizar el daño al tumor a irradiar, como a minimizar la probabilidad de complicaciones en los órganos sensibles cercanos al mismo. Debido a esto, es de gran interés introducir imágenes paciente-específicas durante la planificación y el proceso de cálculo para mejorar y optimizar la performance dosimétrica. En este sentido, tanto la actividad metabólica/funcional del tumor como la anatomía del paciente,deben ser incorporadas. Las técnicas de imaging metabólico han mostrado ser metodologías valiosas de diagnóstico no invasivas. Además, la tomografía computada por rayos-X puede ser usada para generar imágenes 3D con información de las estructuras anatómicas. En la actualidad, las técnicas de imaging dual como el PETCT o el SPECT-CT son capaces de combinar tanto los métodos de imaging funcional como anatómico, incluso alcanzando un matching preciso entre ellos.; Different radionuclides have proved to be appropriated for radioimmunotherapy. Dosimetric performance of each radionuclide has to be carefully studied and characterized before any treatment. These studies can help to optimize both the damage to the tumor to be irradiated and minimize the probability of complications in sensitive organs close to the tumor. It would be desirable to introduce patient specific images during the planning and calculations process in order to improve and optimize dosimetric performance. In this sense, both the tumor activity and the patient anatomy should be incorporated. Metabolic imaging techniques have shown to be valuable non-invasive and reliable diagnostic methodologies. Besides, X-Ray computed tomography can be used to generate 3D-images with information about patient anatomical structures. Nowadays, dual imaging techniques like PET-CT or SPECT-CT are capable to suitably combine both functional and anatomical imaging methods even assessing accurate matching between them.

Intenciones y artefactos: sobre el enfoque hilpineano de autoría en el ámbito de los objetos técnicos Parente, Diego Carlos El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental discutir críticamente algunas de la tesis principales del planteo hilpineano sobre los artefactos técnicos y establecer las limitaciones inherentes a su modelo de autoría. Con este propósito se reconstruyen, en primer término, los conceptos vertebradores de la posición de Hilpinen para luego indagar sus supuestos a través de un análisis de su aplicación al campo de producción contemporánea y al territorio de los bioartefactos.

Debatiendo lo rural y la ruralidad: un aporte desde el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires; el caso del partido de Tres Arroyos; Debatendo o rural e a ruralidade: uma contribuição do sudeste da província de Buenos Aires; o caso do partido de Tres Arroyos; Discussing the Rural and Rurality: A Contribution from the Southeast of the Province of Buenos Aires; The Case of the Division of Tres Arroyos Mikkelsen, Claudia Andrea El objetivo del artículo consiste en discutir la presencia de una ruralidad complementaria a partir del caso del partido de Tres Arroyos, ubicado en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Este análisis se hace en el marco de la “agricultura científica”, que implica, en cuanto a los lugares, la puesta en marcha de mecanismos que se ajusten a las potencialidades y especificidades de cada recorte territorial. Metodológicamente, fue central la lectura de literatura especializada, la revisión de documentos históricos, estadísticos y fotográficos, la sistematización y análisis de datos provenientes de censos de población y de censos agropecuarios, así como también la observación directa. Puede decirse que el espacio rural es testigo de profundos cambios y, a la vez, objeto de nuevas vocaciones.; O objetivo do artigo consiste em discutir a presença de uma ruralidade complementária a partir do caso do partido de Tres Arroyos, localizado no sudeste da província de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Esta análise é feita no âmbito da “agricultura científica”, que implica, em relação aos lugares, a implementação de mecanismos que se ajustem às potencialidades e especificidades de cada recorte territorial. Metodologicamente, foi fundamental a leitura de literatura especializada, a revisão de documentos históricos, estatísticos e fotográficos, a sistematização e análise de dados provenientes de censos de população e de censos agropecuários, assim como também a observação direta. Pode-se dizer que o espaço rural é testemunha de profundas mudanças e, por sua vez, de novas vocações.; The aim of the article is to discuss the existence of complementary form of rurality on the basis of the case of Tres Arroyos, located to the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The analysis is framed within the field of “scientific agriculture”, which involves the implementation of mechanisms adjusted to the potential and specificities of each territory. The methodology included a review of the specialized literature, as well as of historical, statistical, and photographic photographs, and the systematization and analysis of data gathered from population and agricultural censuses and direct observation. It is possible to conclude that rural areas are experiencing profound changes and shifting toward new uses.

A molecular biology and phase II trial of lapatinib in children with refractory CNS malignancies: a pediatric brain tumor consortium study. Fouladi, Maryam; Stewart, Clinton F.; Blaney, Susan M.; Onar Thomas, Arzu; Schaiquevich, Paula Susana; Packer, Roger J.; Goldman, Stewart; Geyer, J. Rusell; Gajjar, Amar; Kun, Larry E.; Boyett, James M.; Gilbertson, Richard J. High expression of ERBB2 has been reported in medulloblastoma and ependymoma; EGFR is amplified and over-expressed in brainstem glioma suggesting these proteins as potential therapeutic targets. We conducted a molecular biology (MB) and phase II study to estimate inhibition of tumor ERBB signaling and sustained responses by lapatinib in children with recurrent CNS malignancies. In the MB study, patients with recurrent medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade glioma (HGG) undergoing resection were stratified and randomized to pre-resection treatment with lapatinib 900 mg/m(2) dose bid for 7-14 days or no treatment. Western blot analysis of ERBB expression and pathway activity in fresh tumor obtained at surgery estimated ERBB receptor signaling inhibition in vivo. Drug concentration was simultaneously assessed in tumor and plasma. In the phase II study, patients, stratified by histology, received lapatinib continuously, to assess sustained response. Eight patients, on the MB trial (four medulloblastomas, four ependymomas), received a median of two courses (range 1-6+). No intratumoral target inhibition by lapatinib was noted in any patient. Tumor-to-plasma ratios of lapatinib were 10-20 %. In the 34 patients (14 MB, 10 HGG, 10 ependymoma) in the phase II study, lapatinib was well-tolerated at 900 mg/m(2) dose bid. The median number of courses in the phase II trial was two (range 1-12). Seven patients (three medulloblastoma, four ependymoma) remained on therapy for at least four courses range (4-26). Lapatinib was well-tolerated in children with recurrent or CNS malignancies, but did not inhibit target in tumor and had little single agent activity.

Molecular and serological characterization of species B2 adenovirus strains isolated from children hospitalized with acute respiratory disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina Kajon, Adriana E.; Jong, Jan C. de; Dickson, Laura; Arron, Georgina; Murtagh, Patricia; Viale, Diana; Carballal, Guadalupe; Echavarría, Marcela Silvia BACKGROUND: Between September 2000 and November 2005, approximately 10% of the retrospectively examined human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive pediatric cases of acute respiratory disease (ARD) requiring hospitalization at the Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were found to have a HAdV-B2 infection. OBJECTIVE: To characterize genetically and antigenically the HAdV-B2 virus isolates. STUDY DESIGN: Restriction enzyme analysis (REA), hexon and fiber gene sequencing and virus neutralization assays (VN) were carried out on 8 HAdV-B2 respiratory virus isolates. RESULTS: REA showed that the 8 examined HAdV-B2 virus isolates were HAdV11, belonging to two genomic variants: HAdV11a and a BclI variant of HAdV11c which we designated 11c4. Molecular analysis of the hexon genes showed that both REA variants had a HAdV11-like hexon gene. Confirming previous reports, the 7 HAdV11a virus isolates were found to have HAdV14-like fiber genes and therefore are HAdV H11/F14. The fiber gene of the HAdV11c4 virus isolates most closely resembled that of various strains of HAdV7. In VN assays, the 4 tested HAdV11a strains were serotyped as HAdV11-14. The HAdV11c4 strain was serotyped as HAdV11 but also showed a weak but significant reactivity with antiserum to HAdV7. Compared with the other HAdV-positive cases in our study, infection with HAdV11 caused a similarly severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence to the long term world-wide circulation of HAdV H11/F14 as a causative agent of ARD. Combined, our molecular and serology data support the rationale to base the molecular typing and designation of recombinant viruses on the sequences of the hexon and fiber genes.

Análisis y distribución espacial de la vulnerabilidad social en la provincia de Salta, Argentina; Analysis and spatial distribution of social vulnerability in the province of Salta, Argentina Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Estario, Juan Carlos; Fernandez, Alicia Ruth A lo largo de su historia, la provincia de Salta ha sido afectada por distintos tipos de desastres, siendo aquellos de origen hidrometeorológico los más predominantes. Se acepta que para que se produzca una situación de desastre, una amenaza debe operar sobre una comunidad en situación de vulnerabilidad, esto es el grado de exposición de una familia o una comunidad, dada la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un peligro potencialmente dañino, y la insuficiencia o incapacidad de protegerse. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la base de datos correspondiente a los datos de la provincia de Salta del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda del año 2001, procesados a través de Redatam + SP Process. Se construyeron índices de acuerdo a la metodología empleada por Melina Con, a partir de las dimensiones: hacinamiento del hogar, calidad de los materiales de la vivienda, carga de dependencia sobre los perceptores de ingresos, las posibilidades de acceso al sistema de salud, y aspectos educativos del hogar. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de que las zonas más alejadas a la región centro son las más postergadas y fundamentalmente los departamentos de la región este de la provincia de Salta. Se destaca la cantidad de hogares que acumulan 2 o más dimensiones de vulnerabilidad.; Throughout its history, Salta has been affected by several disasters, hydrometeorological ones have been the most prevalent. It is accepted that for a disaster situation to happen, a threat must operate on a vulnerable community; i.e., the degree of exposure of a family or a community in case of harmful hazards, and their failure or inability to protect themselves. We performed a descriptive analysis of the database corresponding to the information about the province of Salta gathered through the National Census of Population and Housing 2001, processed with Redatam + SP Process. Indexes were made according to the methodology employed by Melina Con, based on sizes: overcrowding, quality of building materials, dependency burden on income earners, access to health care, and learning aspects of the home. Results show that the furthest areas from the central region are the most neglected ones, mainly those in the eastern area of the province of Salta. An important number of households accumulate 2 or more dimensions of vulnerability.

Effect of antibiotics against Mycoplasma sp. on human embryonic stem cells undifferentiated status, pluripotency, cell viability and growth Romorini, Leonardo; Riva, Diego Ariel; Bluguermann, Carolina; Videla Guillermo, Richardson; Scassa, Maria Elida; Sevlever, Gustavo; Miriuka, Santiago Gabriel Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are self-renewing pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and hold great promise as models for human development and disease studies, cell-replacement therapies, drug discovery and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. The culture and differentiation of these cells are both complex and expensive, so it is essential to extreme aseptic conditions. hESCs are susceptible to Mycoplasma sp. infection, which is hard to detect and alters stem cell-associated properties. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and cytotoxic effect of PlasmocinTM and ciprofloxacin (specific antibiotics used for Mycoplasma sp. eradication) on hESCs. Mycoplasma sp. infected HUES-5 884 (H5 884, stable hESCs H5-brachyury promoter-GFP line) cells were effectively cured with a 14 days PlasmocinTM 25 µg/ml treatment (curative treatment) while maintaining stemness characteristic features. Furthermore, cured H5 884 cells exhibit the same karyotype as the parental H5 line and expressed GFP, through up-regulation of brachyury promoter, at day 4 of differentiation onset. Moreover, H5 cells treated with ciprofloxacin 10 µg/ml for 14 days (mimic of curative treatment) and H5 and WA09 (H9) hESCs treated with PlasmocinTM 5 µg/ml (prophylactic treatment) for 5 passages retained hESCs features, as judged by the expression of stemness-related genes (TRA1-60, TRA1-81, SSEA-4, Oct-4, Nanog) at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the presence of specific markers of the three germ layers (brachyury, Nkx2.5 and cTnT: mesoderm; AFP: endoderm; nestin and Pax-6: ectoderm) was verified in in vitro differentiated antibiotic-treated hESCs. In conclusion, we found that PlasmocinTM and ciprofloxacin do not affect hESCs stemness and pluripotency nor cell viability. However, curative treatments slightly diminished cell growth rate. This cytotoxic effect was reversible as cells regained normal growth rate upon antibiotic withdrawal.

"Prosperidad y espiritualismo para todos": un análisis sobre la noción de emprendedor en eventos masivos de Buenos Aires Vargas, Patricia Beatriz; Viotti, Nicolas Este artículo pretende contribuir al análisis del valor del emprendedurismo en las sociedades modernas contemporáneas. A partir del retrato etnográfico de grandes eventos públicos realizados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires vinculados con el emprendedurismo empresarial y las espiritualidades alternativas, se enfatizan aquí dos dimensiones específicas: los valores de la realización personal, concentrados en la búsqueda de prosperidad, y el modo en que los grandes eventos promueven formas novedosas de socialidad entre colectivos identificados con las clases medias.; This article discusses the value of entrepreneurship in contemporary modern societies. From an ethnographic portrait of big public events in the city of Buenos Aires associated with business entrepreneurship and alternative spirituality. We emphasize two particular dimensions: the values of self-realization, focused on finding prosperity, and the way in which big events promote new forms of sociality among groups identified with urban middle classes.

Genetic diversity of phosphate-solubilizing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) associated bacteria and mechanisms involved in this ability Anzuay, María Soledad; Frola, Ornella; Angelini, Jorge Guillermo; Ludueña, Liliana Mercedes; Fabra, Adriana Isidora; Taurian, Tania In this study, attempts were made to analyze mechanisms involved in the bacterial phosphate-solubilizing ability of peanut isolates. Bacteria were taxonomically identified by analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Levels of soluble P released by the isolates in unbuffered or buffered with Tris–HCl or MES NBRIP-BPB medium as well as the production of D-gluconic acid were determined in their culture. Presence of two of the genes encoding the cofactor PQQ of GDH enzyme was analyzed in the genome of this bacterial collection. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that isolates belong to genera Serratia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Enterococcus. All bacteria showed ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate either in unbuffered or buffered medium. Nevertheless, addition of buffer solutions reduced levels of Pi liberated by the isolates. Although almost all isolates produced detectable amounts of D-gluconic acid, no correlation with levels of P soluble released were observed. The presence of pqqE and pqqC genes was detected only in Gram negative bacteria. It was concluded from this study that the mechanism involved in phosphate solubilization is organic acids production and, presence of pqq genes in all Gram negative bacteria analyzed encourages to confirm their role in bacterial phosphate solubilizing ability as well to identify genes involved in this PGP trait in Gram positive bacteria.

Agricultura familiar y políticas públicas en la Argentina de los últimos años: algunas reflexiones en torno a una relación compleja; Family farm and public policies in Argentina in recent years: some reflections on a complex relationship Nogueira, Maria Elena El siguiente trabajo pretende contribuir a la discusión actual sobre agricultura familiar. Este tipo de producción ha sido materia de infinidad de análisis y tiene, en la actualidad de las políticas orientadas al desarrollo rural en Argentina, una gran relevancia. En el último tiempo ha habido en ellas un viraje que, al menos en términos propositivos, permite pensar al sujeto de la agricultura familiar con una mirada mayormente anclada en aspectos territoriales, culturales y políticos que en buena medida resultan novedosos y habilitan a considerar más exhaustivamente esta porción de la estructura social agraria. El trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir los usos de esta categoría, poniendo especial énfasis en las políticas públicas que se orientan a estos sujetos en la actualidad. Para ello, se analizaron fuentes oficiales al respecto y una serie de trabajos académicos relevantes para la realidad de Argentina y buena parte de América Latina.; This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion on family farm. This type of production has been the subject of analysis and has a great importance in rural development-oriented policies in Argentina. In recent times there has been a change in its treatment, at least in propositional terms that suggests the inclusion of territorial aspects, cultural and political factors that are largely new and enabled to consider more thoroughly this portion of the agrarian social structure. The paper aims to discuss the use of this category, with special emphasis on public policies that focus on these kind of subjects today. To do this, we analyzed official documents connected with the topic and a series of papers relevant to the reality of Argentina and part of Latin America.

Gas phase imidazole methylation on zeolites and HPA/SiO2: Study of acid site requirements and catalyst deactivation Vanoy Villamil, Michael Nicolás; Apesteguia, Carlos Rodolfo; Padro, Cristina The gas-phase alkylation of imidazole with methanol was studied at 523 K on solid acids such as HPA/SiO2 and zeolites HMCM22, HBEA, NaY, ZnY and HY. The nature, density and strength of acid sites were determined by temperature programmed desorption of NH3 coupled with infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine. Coke formation was studied by temperature programmed oxidation technique. On all the samples, the selectivity to N-methylimidazole was greater than 98%. Catalysts presenting essentially Lewis (NaY and ZnY) or Brønsted (HPA/SiO2) acidity did not promote efficiently the methylation of imidazole and yielded less than 20% of N-methylimidazole. In contrast, on samples containing similar concentration of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites (HY, HBEA, HMCM22) the N-methylimidazole yield was between 60 % (HMCM22) and 100% (HY). All the samples deactivated during the 4 h catalytic tests and formed significant amounts of coke, between 2.3% (NaY) and 8% (ZnY). Catalytic tests performed at different contact times showed that the initial activity decay diminished with increasing imidazole conversion, suggesting that catalyst deactivation is mainly related with the presence of the reactants, methanol and/or imidazole. In order to gain insight on the catalyst deactivation mechanism, additional catalytic tests using different feed compositions were performed. They showed that the initial catalyst deactivation followed a linear correlation with the partial pressure of imidazole which indicated that the activity decay is essentially related with strong adsorption of imidazole the on surface acid sites.

Can nest predation explain the lack of defenses against cowbird brood parasitism in the Rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis)?; ¿Puede la depredación de nidos explicar la falta de defensas de Zonotrichia capensis contra el parasitismo de cría de M. Bonariensis? Carro, Mariana Emilia; Fernandez, Gustavo Javier Although interspecific avian brood parasitism usually lowers host productivity, some species lack any defense against parasites. We analyzed the effect of parasite egg removal or nest desertion following a parasitism event on the breeding productivity of the Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), a common host of the Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis). The Rufouscollared Sparrow is an effective cowbird host that does not eject parasite eggs. We removed cowbird eggs from nests of Rufouscollared Sparrows to test for differences in hatching, fledging, and nesting success among naturally unparasitized, parasitized, and experimentally unparasitized nests from which we removed the cowbird eggs. We also used simulations to test whether parasite egg removal or nest desertion provide viable strategies to counter the effects of parasitism in this species. Naturally unparasitized nests produced more nestlings and fledglings than parasitized and experimentally unparasitized nests, but there were no differences between parasitized nests and those from which cowbird eggs were removed. Moreover, the overall nesting success was similar for all nest types. Simulation models confirmed these results but also showed that productivity may still increase through parasite egg ejection when the nest predation rate is relaxed only if no cost of parasite egg ejection is assumed. By contrast, nest desertion was not a viable strategy to reduce the effect of parasitism. We suggest that high nest predation could reduce the benefits of antiparasite defenses in the Rufouscollared Sparrow and may help explain the lack of such behavior in this species.; A pesar de que el parasitismo de cría interespecífico usualmente reduce la productividad de las especies hospedadoras, algunas de estas especies carecen de defensas contra los parásitos. En este trabajo analizamos el efecto que la remoción de huevos de los parásitos de cría y la deserción del nido siguiendo un evento de parasitismo podrían tener sobre la productividad de Zonotrichia capensis, una especie hospedadora común de Molothrus bonariensis. Esta especie es un hospedador efectivo de M. bonariensis y no rechaza los huevos del parásito de su nido. Realizamos la remoción de los huevos del parásito de nidos de Z. capensis, y comparamos el éxito de eclosión, de volantoneo y de nidificación de nidos naturalmente no parasitados, nidos parasitados y aquellos donde realizamos la remoción del huevo parásito. Además, utilizamos modelos de simulación para evaluar si la remoción de huevos del parásito y la deserción del nido podrían constituir estrategias viables para reducir los efectos del parasitismo de cría en esta especie. Los nidos naturalmente no parasitados produjeron más pichones y volantones que los nidos experimentales ïlos parasitados, pero no existieron diferencias entre estos dos últimos tipos de nidos. Además, el éxito de nidificación fue similar para los distintos tipos de nidos. A pesar de la falta de diferencias detectada en el experimento a campo, los modelos de simulación demostraron también que, cuando la tasa de depredacióon de nidos es menor, la productividad puede aún incrementarse si Z. capensis rechaza los huevos del parásito siempre y cuando no exista un costo en el comportamiento de rechazo. En cambio, la deserción del nido no fue una estrategia viable para reducir el impacto del parasitismo. Sugerimos que la alta tasa de depredación de nidos podría reducir los beneficios de las defensas antiparasitarias en Z. capensis y puede contribuir a explicar la falta de ellas en esta especie.

An efficient synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-vitamin D3 Fraga, R.; López Pérez, B.; Sokolowska, K.; Ghini, Alberto Antonio; Regueira, T.; Diaz, S.; Mouriño, A.; Maestro, M. A. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-vitamin D3 (1) by Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling between the boronate ester (2) and the enol triflate (3) is described. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Vitamin D Workshop’.

Thermophysical properties for the ternary systems toluene (1) + benzene (2) + methyl acetate (3), at various temperatures from 288.15 K to 318.15 K Mariano, Alejandra Beatríz; Mussari, Lelia María Ester; Camacho, Alberto Gustavo; Canzonieri, Salvador Humberto; Postigo, Miguel Angel Density, speed of sound and viscosity for the ternary system formed by toluene, benzene and methyl acetate and their corresponding binaries were measured at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 288.15 K to 318.15 K, every 5 K. Experimental data were used to calculate derived properties: excess molar volume, isentropic compressibility, isentropic compressibility deviation, viscosity deviation and excess free energy of activation for viscous flow. These magnitudes were fitted to different equations available in the literature. In addition, geometrical models have been used to predict ternary magnitudes. Predictions of viscosities for the ternary system were performed by group contribution models. Molecular interactions among the components of the mixtures were inferred from the sign of the excess and deviation properties.

The PAMPA datasets: a metagenomic surveyof microbial communities in Argentinean pampean soils Rascovan, Nicolas; Carbonetto, María Belén; Revale, Santiago; Reinert, Marina Daniela; Alvarez, Roberto; Godeas, Alicia Margarita; Colombo, Roxana; Aguilar, Mario; Novas, María Victoria; Iannone, Leopoldo Javier; Zelada, Alicia Mercedes; Pardo, Alejandro Guillermo; Schrauf, Gustavo; Mentaberry, Alejandro Nestor; Vazquez, Martin Pablo Background Soil is among the most diverse and complex environments in the world. Soil microorganisms play an essential role in biogeochemical cycles and affect plant growth and crop production. However, our knowledge of the relationship between species-assemblies and soil ecosystem processes is still very limited. The aim of this study was to generate a comprehensive metagenomic survey to evaluate the effect of high-input agricultural practices on soil microbial communities. Results We collected soil samples from three different areas in the Argentinean Pampean region under three different types of land uses and two soil sources (bulk and rhizospheric). We extracted total DNA from all samples and also synthetized cDNA from rhizospheric samples. Using 454-FLX technology, we generated 112 16S ribosomal DNA and 14 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon libraries totaling 1.3 M reads and 36 shotgun metagenome libraries totaling 17.8 million reads (7.7 GB). Our preliminary results suggested that water availability could be the primary driver that defined microbial assemblages over land use and soil source. However, when water was not a limiting resource (annual precipitation >800 mm) land use was a primary driver. Conclusion This was the first metagenomic study of soil conducted in Argentina and our datasets are among the few large soil datasets publicly available. The detailed analysis of these data will provide a step forward in our understanding of how soil microbiomes respond to high-input agricultural syste

¿Plaza o vereda? Espacios de juego y socialización barrial en la Argentina de Grande, Pablo Ernesto El presente artículo analiza información relativa a la participación de niños de entre 5 y 12 años en espacios abiertos de juego. Se indaga el grado de utilización de la vereda y la plaza como lugares de juego y socialización en centros urbanos de Argentina, a partir de información relevada en la encuesta de hogares Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina del año 2011. Como principales resultados obtenidos puede destacarse la vigencia del jugar ‘en la vereda’ o ‘en el barrio’, siendo un lugar que más del 60% de los chicos utilizaron en el mes de referencia. Por el contrario, el espacio de plaza o parques apenas alcanza a un 30% de los casos. Asimismo, la plaza apareció como un espacio más característico de chicos de hogares de mayor nivel socioeconómico, a iguales niveles de disponibilidad de plazas, incluso si es más frecuente que ocupen su tiempo en escuelas de jornada completa. Inversamente, estos mismos sectores han mostrado un menor uso de la vereda (o el barrio) como lugares de sociabilidad y juego, comparativamente con sectores de menor nivel socioeconómico.; This article analyzes playing at public places by children aged from 5 to 12. It investigates the pervasiveness of sidewalks and plazas as playgrounds for socialization in a set of urban centers of Argentina, after information collected in the household survey Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina in 2011. The results obtained show that sidewalks and ‘neighborhood' are places frequently used by children, having more than 60% of them used such places in the reference period. On the contrary, plazas and parks have been used only in 30% of the cases. Additionally, the plaza appeared as a more typical place for children of higher socioeconomic status, even if they are more likely to attend full-day schools. Conversely, those children have shown less usage of sidewalks and the ‘neighborhood’ as places for sociability and play, compared to children of lower socioeconomic status.

A través del paisaje, a través de los cuerpos: contextos funerarios del sur del Valle del Cajón (noroeste argentino, 6000-1300 AP); Through the Landscape, Through the Bodies: Funerary Contexts of the Southern Cajón Valley (Northwestern Argentina, 6000-1300 years BP) Cortes, Leticia Ines Partiendo de la postura teórica que considera al paisaje como el devenir del habitar, este artículo da cuenta de las diversas formas en que los cuerpos de los muertos fueron dispuestos en La Quebrada, sur del valle del Cajón, a lo largo de más de 5000 años. Se analizan diez contextos funerarios, ocho de los cuales poseen fechados entre el 6000 y el 1300 años AP y dan cuenta de la larga historia de resignificación de este paisaje y de su importancia en la memoria de las generaciones que lo han transitado. Los resultados se enmarcan en el contexto regional y temporal mayor de otros hallazgos en el Noroeste argentino. Se sostiene que las prácticas de depositación de los cuerpos son en sí mismas inseparables del paisaje, al mismo tiempo siendo configuradas y configurando los trayectos cotidianos, los lugares y la disposición de otros entierros a través del tiempo.; Departing from a theoretical stand that considers landscape as the outcome of dwelling, this article presents the diverse ways in which the bodies of the dead have been disposed in La Quebrada locality, southern Cajón Valley, for over 5000 years. Ten funerary contexts are analyzed. Eight of them have been dated between 6000 to 1300 years BP, thus accounting for the long history of resignification of the landscape and its importance in the memory of the generations that have transited across it. Results are framed within the regional and temporal context of other findings in Northwestern Argentina. This paper argues that practices of body disposal are inseparable from the landscape, both being configured and configuring everyday paths, places and the disposition of new burials through time.

Alianzas cruzadas en Argentina: una aproximación causal desde la teoría; Crossed alliances in Argentina: A theoretical causal approach Clerici, Paula Andrea La política de alianzas electorales es un elemento estratégico de los partidos para obtener votos y cargos. Además de estar facultados para armar sus propias alianzas para competir por cargos provinciales, los partidos subnacionales en Argentina pueden efectuar alianzas para cargos legislativos nacionales independientemente de las alianzas que sus mismas estructuras a nivel nacional realicen para competir por la presidencia. El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de realizar una revisión de las literaturas que resultan útiles para estudiar las alianzas electorales en sistemas presidencialistas multinivel, señalando asimismo, los posibles interrogantes que se plantean al pensar causalmente las alianzas cruzadas.; Electoral alliances are strategic elements parties use to obtain votes and seats. Argentinean sub-national parties are allowed by law to form alliances both, for provincial elections and for federal Congress ones, independently of the strategy the party conducts at the national level. Sub-national parties’ autonomy for partners selection may cause that allies in a level of competition could be competitors at other level at the same time, what we called incongruent alliances. This paper seeks to review relevant literature in order to analyze electoral alliances under presidential systems. Additionally, it will invite to think about possible causes of incongruent alliances.

Enantioseparation of -amino acids by means of Cinchona alkaloids asselectors in chiral ligand-exchange chromatography Keunchkarian, Sonia; Franca, Carlos A.; Gagliardi, Leonardo Gabriel; Castells, Cecilia Beatriz Marta A conventional nonchiral column was used for the enantioseparation of several racemic -amino acids (native and derivatized) through the use of Cinchona alkaloids as chiral selectors along with Cu(II) ions in chiral ligand-exchange chromatography. The mobile phase composition (i.e., the organic modifier content and pH) was studied in order to modulate retention and enantioselectivity. Good enantioseparation of many amino acids was obtained using equimolar amounts of Cu(II) and either cinchonidine, quinine or quinidine as chiral selectors in the mobile phase. The molecular geometry of the diastereomeric complexes formed was modeled and energetic differences between both compounds were calculated by methods based on semi-empirical force-field. Good correlations were obtained between experimental enantioselectivity factors and calculated energetic differences.

Nueva mutación heterocigota en el gen de la proteína regulatoria aguda de la esteroideogénesis (StAR) en un paciente 46,xy con hiperplasia adrenal congénita lipoidea; Novel heterozygous mutation in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene in a 46,XY patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia Baquedano, María Sonia; Guercio, Gabriela Viviana; Marino, Roxana; Berensztein, Esperanza; Costanzo, Mariana ; Ramírez, Pablo; Bailez, Marcela; Vaiani, Elisa; Maceiras, Mercedes; Rivarola, Marco Aurelio; Belgorosky, Alicia StAR forma parte del complejo multiproteico transduceosoma, encargado del transporte de colesterol y que facilita su entrada a la mitocondria. Mutaciones recesivas en el gen STAR causan formas clásicas y no clásicas de hiperplasia adrenal congénita lipoidea. Analizamos las consecuencias moleculares de una nueva mutación heterocigota en STAR en un paciente 46,XY con genitales ambiguos e insuficiencia adrenal. Hallamos un cambio heterocigota de novo, IVS1-2A>G, en el gen STAR y el polimorfismo heterocigota, pG146A, en SF1. No se detectaron mutaciones en los genes CYP11A1, FDX1 y FDXR, VDAC1 y TSPO. Por RT-PCR y secuenciación se observó un transcripto-exón2 y el transcripto normal (WT) de StAR, a partir del ARN de tejido gonadal del paciente. Se detectó el precursor (37 kD) y la proteína StAR madura (30 kD) en células COS-7 transfectadas con el plásmido mutante y WT. Por inmunofluorescencia la observación de co-localización de la proteína mutante (p.G22_L59delStAR) en mitocondrias fue casi nula. La actividad de p.G22_L59delStAR fue del 65% ± 13 respecto del WT. La co-transfección de los plásmidos p.G22_L59delStAR y WT redujo la actividad de WT en 62.0 ± 13.9%. La mutación IVS1-2A>G provocó la pérdida de los aminoácidos 22 a 59 en la secuencia mitocondrial N-terminal. Postulamos que ello conduciría a un plegamiento anormal de la proteína que alteraría su procesamiento y translocación. La proteína mutante p.G22_L59delStAR podría interferir con la acción de la proteína StAR WT bloqueando el complejo transduceosoma y causando una forma dominante de deficiencia de StAR, que explicaría el fenotipo clínico en heterocigosis.; StAR facilitates cholesterol entry into the mitochondria as part of the transduceosome complex. Recessive mutations in the gen STAR cause classic and nonclassic congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. The aim of the study was to analyze the molecular consequences of a novel heterozygous STAR mutation in a 46,XY patient with ambiguous genitalia and adrenal insufficiency. We found a de novo heterozygous IVS-2A>G STAR mutation and the reported heterozygous p.G146A SF1 polymorphism with normal CYP11A1, FDXR, FDX1, VDAC1 and TSPO genes. RT-PCR and sequencing from patient’s testicular RNA showed a –exon2 transcript and the wild-type (WT) transcript. Both 37 kDa precursor and 30 kDa mature protein were detected in COS-7 cell transfected with mutant and WT plasmids. Immunofluorescence showed almost no co-localization of mitochondria and mutant protein (delta22-59StAR). Delta22-59StAR activity was 65±13% of WT. Cotransfection with WT and delta22-59StAR plasmids reduced WT activity by 62.0% ± 13.9. Novel splice-junction heterozygous STAR mutation (IVS-2A>G) resulted in the in-frame loss of amino acids 22 to 59 in the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal. A misfolded p.G22_L59delStAR might interfere with WT StAR activity by blocking the transduceosome complex, causing an autosomal dominant form of StAR deficiency, explaining the clinical phenotype.