Combination of cattle urine and dung patches synergically increased nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate grassland under wet conditions Lombardi, Banira; Alvarado, Patricia Ines; Ricci, Patricia; Buraschi, Lucia Maria; Viduzzi, Gabriel; Palladino, Rafael Alejandro; Gonda, Horacio Leandro; Juliarena, María Paula During grazing, some of the nutrients ingested by cattle are returned to grassland as urine and dung patches and can be lost as greenhouse gases. Sites where cattle congregate are more likely to have overlapping excreta patches favouring enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, there is no consensus about the magnitude of these or simultaneous methane (CH4) emissions or potential mitigation options. This study investigated the effect of combined cattle dung and urine depositions on N2O and CH4 emissions, compared with emissions from separate depositions, under different weather conditions. Local emission factors (EFs) were then calculated for both gases. A quantitative assessment of published studies was also performed to search for N2O emissions drivers. Two field experiments were performed during two 98-day trials under dry and wet conditions in Tandil, Argentina. Treatments included fresh excreta patches of urine (0.75 L), dung (2.50 kg), dung + urine (2.50 kg + 0.75 L) from Holstein dairy cows, and a control (without excreta). Soil and excreta properties were analysed, and N2O and CH4 fluxes from the patches were measured using the static chamber technique. Patches containing dung were shown to be localised CH4 hotspots. Urine applied to soil, and the addition of urine to dung patches had a negligible effect on CH4 fluxes. Urine, dung and combined patches were found to be localised N2O sources. Adding urine to dung patches under wet weather had a significant synergetic effect (threefold increase) on cumulative N2O emissions compared with the theoretical sum of separate excreta patches. Adding urine to dung patches under dry conditions gave an additive effect on N2O. These findings suggest that preventing overlapping excreta patches under wet conditions can help mitigate N2O emissions from temperate managed grazed pastures. The effect of combining excreta patches was also evident in the EF values obtained. That for CH4 was consistent with the default IPCC value (0.75 g CH4 kg−1 VS), while N2O (EF = 0.03–0.39%) was lower than the updated IPCC 2019 value of 0.6%.

El muro invertido: Las zanjas en el límite fronterizo de Chile con Bolivia; The inverted wall: Ditches on the border between Chile and Bolivia; O muro invertido: Fossos no limite fronteiriço do Chile com a Bolívia de Marchi Moyano, Bianca; Alvites Baiadera, Angélica Paola El propósito de este artículo es comprender cómo las zanjas excavadas por parte de los gobiernos chilenos, en el límite internacional entre Colchane (Chile) y Pisiga Bolívar (Bolivia), desde septiembre de 2017 hasta julio de 2022, se articularon al discurso sobre las migraciones y transformaron el paisaje, los modos de control y las estrategias de cruce en la región. Para esto, aplicamos una meto-dología cualitativa de revisión documental y hemerográfica en ambos países, así como un trabajo en terreno (notasde campo, observación, testimonios y fotografías). Nuestro texto concluye que las zanjas analizadas pueden ser interpretadas como muros invertidos, de bajo costo y gran plasticidad, que com-ponen un paisaje fronterizo móvil y se constituyen como dispositivos defensivos y de protección en contra de agentes transnacionales no estatales, entendidos como amenazas. Asimismo, se resalta su condición paradójica: mientras las zanjas se proyectan con el propósito de reafirmar el poder y expresar el control estatal sobre un territorio, resaltan su debilidad dada su mera existencia e ineficacia operativa; The purpose of this article is to understand how the ditches dug by the Chilean governments, on the international border between Colchane (Chile) and Pisiga Bolivar (Bolivia), from September 2017 to July 2022, were articulated to the discourse on migrations, and they transformed the landscape, control modes and crossing strategies in the region. For this, we apply a qualitative methodology of documentary and newspaper review in both countries, as well as field work (field notes, observation, testimonies and photographs). Our text concludes that the trenches analyzed can be interpreted as inverted walls, of low cost and great plasticity, which make up a mobile border landscape and constitute defensive and protection devices against non-state transnational agents, understood as threats. Likewise, its paradoxical condition is highlighted: while the ditches are projected with the purpose of reaffirming power and expressing state control over a territory, they highlight its weakness given its mere existence and operational inefficiency.; O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como os fossos cavados pelos governos chilenos, na fronteira internacional entre Colchane (Chile) e Pisiga Bolívar (Bolívia), de setembro de 2017 a julho de 2022, se articularam ao discurso sobre as migrações, transformando a paisagem, os modos de con- trole e as estratégias de travessia na região. Para tal, aplicamos uma metodologia qualitativa de análise documental e jornalística nos dois países, bem como trabalho de campo (notas de campo, observação, testemunhos e fotografias). Nosso texto conclui que os fossos analisados podem ser interpretadas como muros invertidos, de baixo custo e grande plasticidade, que compõem uma paisagem fronteiriça móvel e constituem dispositivos de defesa e proteção contra agentes transnacionais não estatais, entendidos como ameaças. Sua condição paradoxal também é destacada: enquanto os fossos são projetados com o objetivo de reafirmar o poder e expressar o controle estatal sobre um território, eles evidenciam sua fragilidade dada sua mera existência e ineficácia operacional.

Opportunities, obstacles and current challenges of flavonoids for luminal and triple-negative breast cancer therapy Vachetta, Vanina Sol; Marder, Nora Mariel; Troncoso, María Fernanda; Elola, Maria Teresa Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenols with numerous biological effects on cancer cells. They have been shown to affect proliferation via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis and to exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic actions. Anti-cancer effects of flavonoids, mostly in preclinical evaluations, should be translated into clinical cancer treatment research, where evidence is still scarce. Although therapies targeting primary breast tumors have markedly improved, those targeting elusive micro-metastases are less effective. In this scenario, the present review discusses the anti-tumor effects of different simple natural and synthetic flavonoids on luminal and triple-negative breast cancer, highlighting biological effects such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition reversion, cell migration and invasion inhibition, metalloprotease inactivation/down-regulation and anti-angiogenesis, as well as compiling in vivo treatments in experimental tumor models and some specific clinical trials. In addition, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying flavonoid anti-tumor effects. Moreover, although flavonoids may be regarded as a spectrum of promising polyphenols with multifaceted anti-tumor effects, mainly applicable to metastatic breast cancer management, some major challenges and concerns about potential flavonoid therapy in luminal and triple-negative breast cancer are also discussed.

Indicators of research circulation: Localization and internationalization under scrutiny—The Cuyo Manual and its exploratory case study in Argentina Algañaraz Soria, Victor Hugo; Prado, Flavia Cecilia; Rossomando Ramirez, María Pía Given the limitations of traditional scientometric indicators to recognize the diversity of circulating knowledge in different languages, formats and regions, the Research Center on the Circulation of Knowledge (CECIC-Argentina) has developed a set of research circulation analytical indicators, nucleated in the “Cuyo Manual.” This article presents the results of the first exploratory case study carried out, that of the Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), showing how the institution and its researchers internationalize, regionalize or territorialize their scientific productions. In addition to the articles published in internationally oriented journals, under what other formats and in which directions does research production circulate? What are the capacities installed and actions deployed by the university in terms of research circulation? These and other questions are addressed in this paper, in order to show the diversity and multiscalarity of the scientific knowledge produced, which crosses not only international and national spaces but also the closest areas of influence to the institution itself.

Reconstruction of the environmental conditions for the past 2,000 years in the Perico River basin (NW Argentina) based on fossil pollen records Torres, Gonzalo Román; Lupo, Liliana Concepcion; Perez, Claudio Fabian In this paper we aim to reconstruct seasonal humid conditions of the past 2,000 years based on fossil pollen records from high altitude sites (> 3,000 m a.s.l.) in NW Argentina. Palaeoenvironmental studies were conducted in two wetlands located in the upper basin of the Perico River (Jujuy province, Argentina). To assess the seasonal characteristics for different climatic periods, we used the pollen index log10 P/A to describe summer conditions, where P/A stands for the ratio between the percentages of Poaceae (P) and Asteraceae (A). To interpret winter conditions we used log10 T/A index. T/A is the ratio between the sum of percentages of transported pollen coming from Andean forest (T) and the percentage of Asteraceae (A). The prevalence of Poaceae pollen during certain time periods provides indirect information about soil moisture indicating rainy summers related to an intensified activity of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). In contrast, periods with predominance of Asteraceae pollen suggest drier summers as a consequence of a reduction in SAMS activity. Structural changes from grassland to mixed steppe occurred at a multi-centennial scale, mainly driven by rainfall variability. The analysis of the log10T/A index enabled us to reconstruct the frequency of the mountain-valley breeze and indirectly to infer the winter precipitation. Periods with a high input of tree pollen (> 20%) indicate high breeze frequency and consequently less winter precipitation and vice versa. We applied this reconstruction approach to characterize the seasonal humidity conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and Current Warm Period in the study region.

Vivencias, comidas y otros relatos de una familia de puesteros en una localidad Malargüina (Mendoza, Argentina): Pensando las prácticas culinarias como parte del patrimonio inmaterial; Experiences, meals and other stories of a family of farmers in a town of Malargüe (Mendoza, Argentina): Thinking culinary practices as part of the intangible heritage Zonana, María Inés; Gasco, Alejandra Valeria; Duran, Victor Alberto; Piazze, Laura Cecilia; Paiva, Jimena María Celeste El presente trabajo aborda el saber culinario y la alimentación de los pobladores de la localidad de Las Loicas, ubicada en el departamento de Malargüe (Mendoza, Argentina). Esto se logró a partir de experiencias compartidas en el marco de la observación participante y el empleo de la técnica de informantes clave de la localidad.Se parte de entender a la cocina y la comida como identificadores culturales de las comunidades o los grupos humanos, como lenguajes que nos permiten visualizar cómo se perciben a sí mismas estas comunidades y cómo perciben a otros/otras (Borrega, 2004). Se pretende visibilizar y revalorizar los saberes culinarios de dicha localidad, para potenciar el proceso de patrimonialización de bienes inmateriales frente a una posible transformación del escenario ambiental.; This paper deals with the culinary knowledge and diet of the inhabitants of the town of Las Loicas, located in Malargüe (Mendoza, Argentina). This was achieved by collecting shared experiences in the framework of participant’s observation and by using the technique of key local informants. The starting point is understanding cooking and food as cultural identifiers of communities or human groups, as languages that let us see how these communities perceive themselves and how they perceive others (Borrega 2004). Ouraim is to make the culinary knowledge of this town visible and revalued, to enhance the process of patrimonialization of intangible assets against a possible transformation of the environmental scenario.

Neurocognitive patterns across genetic levels in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a multiple single cases study Santamaría García, Hernando; Ogonowski, Natalia Soledad; Baez, Sandra; Palacio, Nicole; Reyes, Pablo; Schulte, Michael; López, Andrea; Matallana, Diana; Ibañez, Agustin Mariano Background: Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has been related to different genetic factors. Identifying multimodal phenotypic heterogeneity triggered by various genetic influences is critical for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. However, the specific impact of different genetic levels (mutations vs. risk variants vs. sporadic presentations) on clinical and neurocognitive phenotypes is not entirely understood, specially in patites from underrepresented regions such as Colombia. Methods: Here, in a multiple single cases study, we provide systematic comparisons regarding cognitive, neuropsychiatric, brain atrophy, and gene expression-atrophy overlap in a novel cohort of FTD patients (n = 42) from Colombia with different genetic levels, including patients with known genetic influences (G-FTD) such as those with genetic mutations (GR1) in particular genes (MAPT, TARDBP, and TREM2); patients with risk variants (GR2) in genes associated with FTD (tau Haplotypes H1 and H2 and APOE variants including ε2, ε3, ε4); and sporadic FTD patients (S-FTD (GR3)). Results: We found that patients from GR1 and GR2 exhibited earlier disease onset, pervasive cognitive impairments (cognitive screening, executive functioning, ToM), and increased brain atrophy (prefrontal areas, cingulated cortices, basal ganglia, and inferior temporal gyrus) than S-FTD patients (GR3). No differences in disease duration were observed across groups. Additionally, significant neuropsychiatric symptoms were observed in the GR1. The GR1 also presented more clinical and neurocognitive compromise than GR2 patients; these groups, however, did not display differences in disease onset or duration. APOE and tau patients showed more neuropsychiatric symptoms and primary atrophy in parietal and temporal cortices than GR1 patients. The gene-atrophy overlap analysis revealed atrophy in regions with specific genetic overexpression in all G-FTD patients. A differential family presentation did not explain the results. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of genetic levels affecting the clinical, neurocognitive, and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric presentation of bvFTD in the present underrepresented sample. These results support tailored assessments characterization based on the parallels of genetic levels and neurocognitive profiles in bvFTD.

Stability of moving solitons in trans -polyacetylene in an electric field Arancibia, Leandro Manuel; Sanchez, Cristian Gabriel; Lobos, Alejandro Martin In this work, we study the dynamics and stability of charged solitons in trans-polyacetylene (tPA), and revisit the issue of the stability of these nonlinear excitations under the effect of an external electric field applied parallel to the polymer. Using the formalism of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, we solve the coupled dynamical equations for electrons and classical nuclei at the mean-field level and in the regime of low external electric field E, where the dynamics of the moving soliton is adiabatic. Analyzing observable quantities in real space and frequency space, we identify the microscopic mechanisms triggering the dynamical instabilities of the soliton. In addition, we put forward the definition of a proper quantitative measure of its stability, an issue which to the best of our knowledge has remained an open question. Besides its intrinsic interest from the fundamental point of view, our work might be relevant for the design of novel organic electronic devices based on soliton-mediated transport.

Distribución y estado de conservación de Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae), una rara planta endémica de las Pampas Argentinas; Distribution and conservation status of Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae), a rare endemic plant of the Argentine Pampas Guerrero, Elián Leandro; Pagano, Luis; Abba, Agustin Manuel; Grilli, Pablo Gervasio; Galup, Alejandro; Apodaca, María José; Di Sallo, Facundo Gabriel; Delucchi, Gustavo Introducción y objetivos: El ombusillo, Phytolacca tetramera, es una planta rara, endémica del noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar información detallada y actualizada del área de distribución de la especie, evaluar su estado de conservación y discutir las amenazas para su conservación.M&M: Los sitios de ocurrencia de la especie se obtuvieron a partir de material de herbario, bases de datos, bibliografía y viajes de campo. Delimitamos núcleos geográficos (potenciales subpoblaciones) para los grupos de ombusillos. Relevamos las posibles amenazas mediante observaciones a campo y evaluamos el estado de conservación usando el criterio B1 de la UICN (extensión de presencia).Resultados: Phytolacca tetramera está restringida en la actualidad al litoral del Río de la Plata entre las cotas de 4 y 15 msnm, desde el partido de La Plata hasta la Bahía Samborombón. Posee una extensión de presencia de 4313,714 km2, en los cuales se identificaron cuatro núcleos geográficos. De acuerdo con el criterio B1 de la UICN, proponemos la categoría En Peligro B1ab(i,iii) para P. tetramera. Las amenazas a la supervivencia de la especie son diversas, aunque deben ser mejor estudiadas, siendo la urbanización una de las más importantes.Conclusiones: Debido a la extensión geográfica restringida de P. tetramera y a sus posibles amenazas, resulta imprescindible llevar a cabo acciones para la conservación de esta especie. Dentro de las acciones prioritarias a futuro es fundamental conocer más sobre su capacidad de dispersión y nicho de regeneración.; Background and aims: The “ombusillo”, Phytolacca tetramera, is a rare plant endemic to the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The objective of this work is to provide a more accurate approximation of its distribution area, to evaluate the conservation status of the species and to list the threats to its conservation. M&M: The occurrence sites were obtained from herbarium specimens, databases, bibliography, and fieldwork. We delimited geographic cores, or potential subpopulations, for groups of “ombusillos”. We surveyed the activities that threaten the survival of the species and finally the conservation status was evaluated using the IUCN criterion B1 (extent of occurrence). Results: Phytolacca tetramera is currently restricted to the coast of the Río de la Plata between 4 and 15 m asl, from the district of La Plata to the Samborombón Bay. It has an extension of presence of 4313.714 km2 , in which four geographic cores were identified. In accordance with IUCN criterion B1, we propose the category Endangered B1ab(i,iii) for P. tetramera. The threats to the survival of the species are diverse and need further studies, urbanization being one of the most serious. Conclusions: Due to the restricted geographical extension of P. tetramera and its possible threats, it is essential to carry out actions for the conservation of this species. Among the priority actions for the future, it is essential to know more about its dispersal capacity and regeneration niche.

Organocatalytic Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives Lafuente, María Leticia; Maidana, Lautaro Gabriel; Bisceglia, Juan Angel; Iribarren, Adolfo Marcelo; Lewkowicz, Elizabeth Sandra A synthetic route for the production of chiral derivatives of benzimidazole is presented. Different commercially available amines are evaluated as organocatalysts for the stereoselective aldol addition of N1-benzimidazolyl acetaldehyde, previously prepared by N-alkylation of benzimidazole, with cyclic ketones. When cyclohexanone was used,0 L-prolinamide proved to be the most efficient catalyst, giving (S)-2-((R)- 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanone in 92% yield, 90% ee and 92:8 dr (anti/syn).

La deliberada dualidad del migrante en la escritura encubridora de Comentarios reales Teglia, Vanina María En este artículo, nos proponemos analizar cómo, en la materialidad de la escritura de Comentarios reales de los Incas, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega se empeña en distinguir y contraponer las visiones y experiencias de la élite española colonizadora de las de la élite inca del Cusco. Si bien la extensa bibliografía garcilasista ha señalado la condición dual propia de las experiencias del migrante en la biografía de Garcilaso, aquí nos detenemos a observar esta condición en la materialidad discursiva de su escritura. Con una lectura atenta y exhaustiva que sobrepasa la superficie literal del texto y las trampas que el mismo autor tiende al lector, emergen las discriminaciones que opera deliberadamente el escritor migrante más allá de sus intentos dolorosos de armonización étnico-culturales que forzó como mestizo. Enunciando desde un contexto letrado español que no es del todo el suyo, pero que tampoco le debería ser ajeno, refiere, con nostalgia típica del migrante, las pérdidas socio-culturales impuestas por la conquista del Perú y su política de fronteras, barreras que el mismo sujeto ha asumido a sabiendas para desplegar su narración.; In this article, we propose to analyze how, in the materiality of the writing of his Comentarios Reales de los Incas, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega strives to distinguish and contrast the visions and experiences of the colonizing Spanish elite from those of Cusco’s Inca elite. Although the extensive literature on Garcilaso has pointed out the dual condition of the migrant’s experiences in his biography, here, we observe this condition in the discursive materiality of his writing. With an attentive and exhaustive reading that goes beyond the text’s literal surface and the author’s traps for the reader, the discriminations that the migrant writer deliberately operates emerge, despite his painful and forced attempts of ethno-cultural harmonization as a mestizo. Enunciating from a Spanish literate context that is neither entirely his own, nor completely alien to him, he points out, with typical migrant nostalgia, the socio-cultural losses imposed by the conquest of Peru and its border policy, barriers that the subject himself has knowingly assumed in order to unfold his narrative.

Genuine high-order interactions in brain networks and neurodegeneration Herzog, Rubén; Rosas, Fernando E.; Whelan, Robert; Fittipaldi, María Sol; Santamaria Garcia, Hernando; Cruzat, Josephine; Birba, Agustina; Moguilner, Sebastian Gabriel; Tagliazucchi, Enzo Rodolfo; Prado, Pavel; Ibañez, Agustin Mariano Brain functional networks have been traditionally studied considering only interactions between pairs of regions, neglecting the richer information encoded in higher orders of interactions. In consequence, most of the connectivity studies in neurodegeneration and dementia use standard pairwise metrics. Here, we developed a genuine high-order functional connectivity (HOFC) approach that captures interactions between 3 or more regions across spatiotemporal scales, delivering a more biologically plausible characterization of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. We applied HOFC to multimodal (electroencephalography [EEG], and functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]) data from patients diagnosed with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy controls. HOFC revealed large effect sizes, which, in comparison to standard pairwise metrics, provided a more accurate and parsimonious characterization of neurodegeneration. The multimodal characterization of neurodegeneration revealed hypo and hyperconnectivity on medium to large-scale brain networks, with a larger contribution of the former. Regions as the amygdala, the insula, and frontal gyrus were associated with both effects, suggesting potential compensatory processes in hub regions. fMRI revealed hypoconnectivity in AD between regions of the default mode, salience, visual, and auditory networks, while in bvFTD between regions of the default mode, salience, and somatomotor networks. EEG revealed hypoconnectivity in the γ band between frontal, limbic, and sensory regions in AD, and in the δ band between frontal, temporal, parietal and posterior areas in bvFTD, suggesting additional pathophysiological processes that fMRI alone can not capture. Classification accuracy was comparable with standard biomarkers and robust against confounders such as sample size, age, education, and motor artifacts (from fMRI and EEG). We conclude that high-order interactions provide a detailed, EEG- and fMRI compatible, biologically plausible, and psychopathological-specific characterization of different neurodegenerative conditions.

Hacia una sociología de los misterios del amor: Encuentros, conexiones y sueños Marentes, Maximiliano Este artículo propone una alternativa a la sociología del amor hegemónica para atender a aquellos misterios para los cuales ésta no tiene respuestas satisfactorias: la magia de los encuentros, lo incierto de las conexiones y la incógnita de los sueños. A partir de anécdotas de diferentes historias de amor de varones gays —incluidas algunas propias— recopiladas a lo largo de cinco años (2014-2019), ilumino esos aspectos que sus protagonistas explicarían a partir de elementos no contemplados en la sociología del amor. El trabajo de campo se hizo en diferentes etapas y momentos (2015, 2017-2019), con epicentro en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Matizando la hipótesis weberiana del desencantamiento del mundo, sostengo que un sociología de los misterios del amor que tome en consideración y en serio a las personas puede recolectar los resabios de aquellas situaciones que conservan su encanto.; This paper proposes an alternative to the mainstream sociology of love to consider the mysteries it overlooks: the magic of encounters, the uncertainty of connections, and the unknown of dreams. Based on anecdotes from different love stories among gay men —including some autobiographical ones— collected for five years (2015-2019), I analyze the aspects that their protagonists explain since elements that are disregarded in the sociology of love. I conducted interviews at different stages and times (2015, 2017-2019), pivoting from the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Refining Weber’s hypothesis of disenchantment of the world, I demonstrate that a sociology of the mysteries of love that seriously take into consideration people may collect the vestiges of those situations that keep them enchanted.

Evolución de la estructura urbano-territorial de Entre Ríos en su configuración espacial: Lecturas de las áreas de mayor dinamismo a partir de la síntesis cartográfica; Evolution of the urban-territorial structure of Entre Ríos in its spatial configuration: Readings of the areas of greatest dynamism from the cartographic synthesis Garcia, Victoria Ivón El abordaje de los procesos de estructuración, funcionamiento y transformación de los asentamientos urbanos entendidos en un contexto geográfico ampliado, viene realizándose desde distintas disciplinas a partir del concepto de territorio, lo que conlleva una multiplicidad de connotaciones, enfoques y alcances analíticos. Una triple aproximación al territorio -como hecho físico, como proceso y como proyecto- permite interpretar dichas transformaciones en el marco de aspectos contextuales relevantes, y una vía para operativizarlo se identifica en la lectura de las componentes espaciales de la estructura urbano-territorial -núcleos urbanos y elementos materiales de ligazón e intercambio- en clave evolutiva mediante la elaboración de cartografía de síntesis. Entre Ríos constituye una provincia que reúne condiciones muy disímiles en su crecimiento y desarrollo por fragmentos. En ese sentido, si bien cuenta con una distribución “repartida” de núcleos urbanos de cierta jerarquía, pone de manifiesto significativos rasgos de desequilibrio intra-provincial que es preciso reconocer, a un nivel general, desde sus primeras ocupaciones a los tiempos recientes. Para ello se procede a componer e interpretar diversas capas de información en GIS. Se reconoce una lógica de acumulación material y simbólica en espacios identificables, que se mantienen y reproducen a lo largo de los períodos, implicando una postergación estructural de algunas áreas, principalmente norte y suroeste.; The approach to the structuring and transformation of urban settlements in an extended geographic context, has been studied from different disciplines based on the concept of territory, which entails a multiplicity of connotations, approaches and analytical scope. A triple approach to the territory -as a physical fact, as a process and as a project- allows us to interpret these transformations within the framework of relevant contextual aspects, and a way to operationalize it is identified in the reading of the spatial components of the urban-territorial structure - human settlements and material elements of connection and exchange - in an evolutionary key through the elaboration of synthesis cartography. Entre Ríos constitutes a province that meets very dissimilar conditions in its growth and development by fragments. Despite its “distributed” map of urban settlements of a certain hierarchy, it reveals significant features of intra-provincial imbalance that must be recognized, at a general level, from its first occupations to recent times. To do this, we proceed to compose, integrate and interpret various layers of information in GIS. A logic of material and symbolic accumulation is recognized in identifiable spaces, which are maintained and reproduced throughout the periods, implying a structural postponement of some areas, mainly north and southwest.

Bacterias lácticas como herramientas para la síntesis de oligosacáridos prebióticos Fara, María Agustina; Montilla, Antonia; Zarate, Gabriela del Valle Los alimentos funcionales son una nueva generación de alimentos que además de nutrir buscan potenciar la salud del consumidor. Los prebióticos son ingredientes funcionales reconocidos por el Código Alimentario Argentino que ejercen un efecto beneficioso en la salud mediante la estimulación selectiva del crecimiento y actividad metabólica de ciertos componentes de la microbiota colónica. Los prebióticos más reconocidos por su seguridad y efectos en el consumidor son los fructooligosacáridos (FOS) y galactooligosacáridos (GOS). Estos compuestos pueden extraerse de algunos alimentos o sintetizarse enzimáticamente. En este trabajo, analizamos la actividad β-galactosidasa (β-gal) de bacterias lácticas (BAL) como herramientas para la síntesis de oligosacáridos prebióticos a partir de lactosa (GOS). Quince lactobacilos expresaron actividad β-gal y crecieron a expensas de lactosa mientras que once de ellos fueron capaces de sintetizar GOS. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL450, fue la cepa con mayor actividad β-gal, y sintetizó un máximo de 41,3 % GOS con enlaces β-(1 → 6) y β-(1 →3). Los CRL450-GOS estimularon el desarrollo de la cepa productora y de cultivos probióticos e incrementaron las poblaciones de lactobacilos y bifidobacterias y la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta en homogenatos colónicos de ratones usados como modelo intestinal in vitro. Los resultados obtenidos avalan el potencial de L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL450 para la producción de GOS prebióticos y alientan la optimización de su síntesis para formular nuevos ingredientes alimentarios funcionales.; Functional foods are a new generation of food products that enhance consumer’s health besides basic nutrition. Prebiotics are functional ingredients authorized by the Argentinian Food Code that produce a bene cial e ect on health by stimulating the growth and metabolic activity of some components of the colonic microbiota. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are the most recognized prebiotics due to their safety and health e ects. ese compounds can be obtained from some foods or be enzymatically synthesized. In this work, we analyze the activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) β-galactosidase (β-gal), to select strains for the synthesis of oligosaccharides from lactose (GOS) with potential prebiotic e ect. Fi een lactobacilli express β-gal activities and were able to grow in lactose, whereas eleven of them were able to synthesize GOS. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL450, the strain with the highest β-gal activity, synthesized a maximum of 41.3% GOS, with β-(1 → 6) and β-(1 →3) linkages. CRL450-GOS enhanced the growth of recognized probiotics and the producer strain, and increased the lactobacilli and bi dobacteria populations and the production of short chain fatty acids in colonic homogentes of mice used as in vitro intestinal model. e results obtained support the potential of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL450 to produce prebiotic GOS and the need to optimize their synthesis for the design of new functional food ingredients.

El malón como paradigma: Circulaciones, derivas y actualizaciones de la obra de Ángel Della Valle; The malon as a paradigm: Circulations, drifs and actualizations of the work of Ángel Della Valle Cardella, Sebastian Nicolas Figura paradigmática de la barbarie indígena y, por tanto, de la Argentina civilizada, blanca, europea y patriarcal de finales del siglo XIX, La vuelta del malón de Ángel Della Valle ha sido reactualizada en las últimas décadas por una vasta cantidad de producciones culturales, generando —en palabras de Jacques Rancière— disensos con ese reparto de lo sensible decimonónico. Por tanto, este trabajo se propone abordar, partiendo de la paradigmatología desarrollada por Giorgio Agamben, algunas de esas actualizaciones contemporáneas, focalizando en las obras de los artistas Francisco Revelli, Alberto Passolini y Daniel Santoro. Y esto porque, como finalmente se demuestra, estas actualizan La vuelta del malón pero lo hacen en el marco de configuraciones que no solo suscitan disensos con el reparto mencionado, sino que abren nuevos horizontes semánticos que iluminan, de un modo singular, tanto el pasado como el presente del país.; Paradigmatic figure of indigenous barbarism and, therefore, of civilized, white, european and patriarchal Argentina at the end of the nineteenth-century, Ángel Della Valle’s The return of the malonhas been actualized in recent decades by a vast amount of cultural productions, generating —in words of Jacques Rancière—dissensiones with this nineteenth-century distribution of thesensible. Therefore, this work aims to adress, starting from the paradigmatology developed by Giorgio Agamben, some of these contemporary actualizations, focusing on the works of the artists Francisco Revelli, Alberto Passolini and Daniel Santoro. And this is because, as it is finally demonstrated, they actualize The return of the malonbut they do so within the framework of configurations that not only provoke disagreements with aforementioned distribution, but also open up new semantic horizonts that illuminate, in a singular way, both the past and the present of the country.

De la tabla periódica a la mesa: un nuevo mapeo del arsénico en agua en la Provincia de Buenos Aires Lampert, Damian Alberto En este artículo se presentará el problema ambiental de la contaminación del agua por arsénico. Uno de los casos de contaminación ambiental de origen natural que existe a nivel mundial. Esta problemática, que también suele considerarse como desastre lento debido a sus efectos a corto y largo plazo [1], impulsó a muchas instituciones a ocuparse del tema. Por ejemplo, del CONICET, la Red de Seguridad Alimentaria presenta un grupo específico sobre arsénico en agua [2] y en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, se encuentra la Red de Estudios Ambientales Bonaerenses (REAB) [3]. Ambas redes han presentado informes específicos sobre la temática que fueron los cimientos para el desarrollo de este texto en conjunto con un muestreo y análisis geográfico de la problemática en la Provincia de Buenos Aires.; In this article the environmental problem of water contamination by arsenic will be presented. One of the cases of environmental pollution of natural origin that exists worldwide. This problem, which is also often considered a slow disaster due to its short- and long-term effects [1], prompted many institutions to address the issue. For example, from CONICET, the Food Safety Network presents a specific group on arsenic in water [2] and in the Province of Buenos Aires, there is the Red de Estudios Ambientales Bonaerenses (REAB) [3]. Both networks have presented specific reports on the subject that were the foundations for the development of this text in conjunction with a sampling and geographical analysis of the problem in the Province of Buenos Aires.

Efectos políticos de un alma material. Pasiones y razón en Isabel de Bohemia; Political Effects of a Material Soul. Passions and Reason in Elizabeth of Bohemia Ramírez Beltrán, Julián Alberto La relación epistolar que surge entre Isabel de Bohemia y René Descartes suele ser visitada y examinada como una estrategia de lectura que buscaría aclarar y explicar las premisas de la filosofía cartesiana. No obstante, la princesa palatina formula una visión crítica sobre cómo el alma del ser humano puede determinar los espíritus corpóreos con el fin de ejecutar acciones voluntarias. Tales críticas sobre la determinación de los movimientos entre el alma y el cuerpo tendrán repercusiones sobre lo que puede denominarse como una propuesta materialista de corte interaccionista. Algunos efectos de esta consideración material del alma implican: i. una calificación cognitiva sobre el vínculo entre las pasiones y la razón; ii. la valoración de la fuerza de las pasiones en la búsqueda de un summum bonum; y, por último, iii. la identificación de un problema central en la modernidad, la inestabilidad e imposibilidad para establecer un summum bonum resultado del enfrentamiento entre individuos arrogantes y modestos. Los efectos de la preferencia e inclinación de Isabel de Bohemia sobre la materialidad del alma demuestran entonces claves de lectura centrales sobre el cuerpo y la materia para pensar la formulación de la teoría política en la temprana modernidad en vínculo con Hobbes, Gassendi y Maquiavelo.; The epistolary relationship that emerges between Elizabeth of Bohemia and René Descartes, in the past, used to be visited and examined as a reading strategy that would seek to clarify and explain the premises of Cartesian and mechanical philosophy. Despite this, the princess palatine stated a critical vision on how the soul of the human being can be determined by the corporeal spirits to execute voluntary actions. Such criticisms about the determination of the movements between the soul and the body will have repercussions on what can be called a materialist and interactionist account. Some effects of this material consideration of the soul can be considered to imply: i. a cognitive qualification on the relationship between reason and passions; ii. the assessment of the strength of passions in the search for a summum bonum; and, finally, iii. the identification of a central problem in modernity, the unpredictability and impossibility to establish a summum bonum (i.e. sovereign good) resulting from the hostile relation between arrogant and modest individuals. The effects of Elizabeth of Bohemia’s preference for the materiality of the soul then demonstrate central reading keys to thinking about the formulation of political theory in early modernity in connection with Hobbes, Gassendi, and Machiavelli.

La Sostenibilidad de la Economía Social y Solidaria: un estado de la cuestión para el análisis de políticas públicas en la pandemia García Tarsia, Aldana; Bordalejo, Milagros Este artículo está orientado a la realización de un estado de la cuestión acerca del concepto de sostenibilidad vinculado a emprendimientos de la Economía Social y Solidaria en Argentina. Esta sistematización recupera dos grandes visiones acerca de la concepción de la sostenibilidad desde 1990 a la actualidad: la sostenibilidad económica mercantil estricta (capacidad de competir en el mercado, relación entre ingresos y costos) y la sostenibilidad social (no reducible a factores económicos). Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en torno a la temática para recuperar diversas aproximaciones teóricas al concepto y las consideraciones de diferentes autores/as en torno a las políticas públicas para el sector para luego proceder a analizar las trayectorias de algunos emprendimientos durante la pandemia de COVID-19.; linked to enterprises of the Social and Solidarity Economy in Argentina. This systematization retrieves two great views on the conception of sustainability from 1990 to this time: strict mercantile economic sustainability (ability to compete in the market, relationship between income and costs) and social sustainability (not reducible to economic factors). A bibliographic revision is carried out on the topic to retrieve various theoretical approaches to the concept and the considerations of different authors regarding the public policies for the sector to then proceed to analyze the trajectories of some enterprises during the pandemic of COVID-19.

Dificultades empíricas en el abordaje del denominado se aspectual: Evidencia diacrónica en español rioplatense; Empirical difficulties in the approach to the so-called aspectual se: Diachronic evidence in rioplatense Spanish; Dificuldades empíricas na abordagem do chamado se aspectual: Evidência diacrônica em espanhol rioplatense Oliver, José María En este trabajo abordamos construcciones que contienen el llamado se aspectual del español con el objetivo de determinar si las propiedades asociadas a estas construcciones se reflejan en datos históricos del español de América. Tomando como punto de partida las observaciones de De Benito (2021) sobre datos del español peninsular del corpus COSER, mostramos que las dificultades teórico-prácticas en el estudio de este fenómeno no son exclusivas del español actual ni del español de la penínsu- la, sino que resultan evidentes en datos del español americano desde una perspectiva diacrónica. A partir del recojo de datos del corpus CORDIAM, ilustramos instancias de se aspectual del español del Río de La Plata (Argentina y Uruguay) entre los siglos XVI y XIX. Concluimos que los análisis más extendidos se basan en una serie de contrastes estrictos y de pruebas de (a)gramaticalidad que no necesariamente se reflejan en los datos diacrónicos observados. Esto es uno de los motivos centrales por los cuales los estudios del se aspectual no han permitido llegar a un abordaje acabado de los datos, con herramientas que no pueden extenderse a todos los casos.; In this paper we deal with constructions that contain the so-called aspectual se in Spanish in order to determine whether the properties associated with these constructions are reflected in historical data of American Spanish. Taking as a starting point the observations of De Benito (2021) on data from peninsular Spanish from the COSER corpus, we show that the theoretical-practical difficulties in the study of this phenomenon are not exclusive to current Spanish nor to peninsular Spanish, but are evident in data from American Spanish from a diachronic perspective. By collecting data from the CORDIAM corpus, we illustrate instances of aspectual se in the Spanish of the Río de La Plata (Argentina and Uruguay) from the 16th-19th centuries. We conclude that the most widespread analyses are based on a series of strict contrasts and (a)grammaticality tests that are not necessarily reflected in the observed diachronic data. This is one of the central reasons why studies of aspectual se have not been able to arrive at a definitive approach to the data, with tools that cannot be extended to all cases.; Neste artigo tratamos das construções que contêm o chamado se aspectual em espanhol com o objetivo de determinar se as propriedades associadas a estas construções são refletidas em dados históricos do espanhol americano. Tomando como ponto de partida as observações de De Benito (2021) sobre dados do espanhol peninsular do corpus COSER, mostramos que as dificuldades teórico-práticas no estudo deste fenômeno não são exclusivas do espanhol atual ou do espanhol peninsular, mas são evidentes nos dados do espanhol americano a partir de uma perspectiva diacrônica. Ao coletarmos dados do corpus CORDIAM, ilustramos exemplos de se aspectual nos espanhóis do Rio de La Plata (Argentina e Uruguai) dos séculos 16-19. Concluímos que as análises mais difundidas são baseadas em uma série de contrastes rigorosos e testes de gramática que nem são necessariamente refletidos nos dados diacrônicos observados. Esta é uma das razões centrais pelas quais os estudos de se aspectual não conseguiram chegar a uma abordagem abrangente dos dados, com ferramentas que não podem ser estendidas a todos os casos.