Manejo de malezas en pasturas perennes en base a leguminosas, con énfasis en el control de cardos Montoya, Jorgelina Ceferina; Berhongaray, Gonzalo; Romano, Nicolás F. La presencia de malezas en pasturas perennes en base a leguminosas provoca una baja eficiencia en la implantación, reduce la producción de materia seca y la calidad del forraje. El éxito del manejo integrado de malezas se basa en ajustar las estrategias de control al problema de malezas específico en el campo. Los productores deben saber, no únicamente, cuáles especies están presentes en el lote (y cuántas de ellas) sino que también deben entender la distribución y los estados de desarrollo de dichas malezas en el campo. La mayoría de los bancos de semilla están compuestos por diversas especies. El conocimiento de cuándo cada una de las especies emergen en el año es importante para planificar un efectivo programa de control de malezas. Cada especie tiene uno o más períodos de emergencia pudiendo variar el inicio de la emergencia de un año a otro dependiendo de las condiciones climáticas. Sin embargo, el orden de emergencia entre especies se mantiene relativamente constante. El grupo de los cardos es uno de los más problemáticos al momento de su manejo. Una de las principales características de estas especies es que en general no hay herbicidas residuales que ofrezcan un buen control preemergente, la mayoría de ellos son herbicidas postemergentes. Si bien éstos pueden ser muy eficaces, la baja eficacia preemergente de posteriores cohortes reduce la calidad de los tratamientos en el corto plazo. A los fines de aumentar la eficacia y eficiencia de dichos tratamientos postemergentes es de suma utilidad disponer de la información de los flujos de emergencia de las especies más frecuentes y problemáticas. De esta forma se logrará definir el momento más apropiado para la intervención postemergente con herbicidas.

Carvone-loaded LDPE films for active packaging: Effect of supercritical CO2-assisted impregnation on loading, mechanical and transport properties of the films Goñi, Maria Laura; Gañan, Nicolas Alberto; Martini, Raquel Evangelina; Andreatta, Alfonsina Ester In this work, low density polyethylene (LDPE) films were loaded by scCO2-assisted impregnation with R-(−)-carvone, the main component of M. spicata and A. polystachya essential oils with antimicrobial and insecticidal activity. Impregnation runs were performed in a lab-scale high-pressure cell, and the effect of CO2 density (240?700 kg m−3) and temperature (35?60 °C) on impregnation yield was evaluated. Impregnation yields of 2.0?4.8% (w/w) were obtained, achieving higher values at low CO2 density. Thermal and mechanical properties of the films, before and after impregnation, were also investigated. The diffusion coefficient of carvone in scCO2-swollen films was estimated by impregnating film rolls and modeling the concentration profile through the roll thickness using an analytical solution of second Fick´s law. Release profiles into air were determined, allowing to estimate diffusivity values in non-swollen films at ambient conditions.

Key acclimation responses to phosphorus deficiency in maize plants are influenced by exogenous nitric oxide Ramos Artuso, Facundo Antonio; Galatro, Andrea Verónica; Buet, Agustina; Santa Maria, Guillermo Esteban; Simontacchi, Marcela Silvia Improving phosphorus (P) acquisition and utilization in crops is of great importance in order to achieve a good plant nutritional state and maximize biomass production while minimizing the addition of fertilizers, and the concomitant risk of eutrophication. This study explores to which extent key processes involved in P-acquisition, and other acclimation mechanisms to low P supply in maize (Zea mays L.) plants, are affected by the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) donor (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO). Plants grown in a complete culture solution were exposed to four treatments performed by the combination of two P levels (0 and 0.5 mM), and two GSNO levels (0 and 0.1 mM), and responses to P-deprivation were then studied. Major plant responses related to P-deprivation were affected by the presence of the NO donor. In roots, the activity of acid phosphatases was significantly increased in P-depleted plants simultaneously exposed to GSNO. Acidification of the culture solution also increased in plants that had been grown in the presence of the NO donor. Furthermore, the potential capability displayed by roots of P-deprived plants for P-uptake, was higher in the plants that had been treated with GSNO. These results indicate that exogenous NO addition affects fundamental acclimation responses of maize plants to P scarcity, particularly and positively those that help plants to sustain P-acquisition under low P availability.

Configuraciones militantes contemporáneas. Una propuesta metodológica para pensar el compromiso político; Contemporary militant configurations. A methodological proposal to think about political commitment Aiziczon, Fernando Cristian En este artículo proponemos una manera posible de pensar la militancia política en su vínculo con el problema del compromiso político y la acción. Luego de presentar estas relaciones, problematizamos la idea de configuraciones militantes, sugiriendo parámetros de referencia aplicables al caso de la militancia de izquierdas en la Argentina contemporánea e interrogando sobre los quiebres y continuidades que habilitan el despliegue de formas de militancia en determinados contextos históricos. Trabajamos sobre la hipótesis de que el debate reciente sobre la violencia revolucionaria en las organizaciones políticomilitares de los años sesenta-setenta, superpuesto con las discusiones emergentes tras la crisis sociopolítica de 2001, señalarían las condiciones de posibilidad para la emergencia de una nueva configuración militante de carácter transicional en la época actual.
; In this article we propose a possible way of thinking about the political militancy in its connection with the problem of political commitment and action. After presenting these relations, we problematized the idea of militant configurations, suggesting reference parameters applicable to the case of leftist militancy in contemporary Argentina and questioning about the breakthroughs and continuities that enable the deployment of forms of militancy in certain historical contexts. We work on the hypothesis that the recent debate on revolutionary violence in political-military organizations of the 60s and 70s, superimposed on the discussions emerging after the socio-political crisis of 2001, it would indicate the conditions of a possibility for the emergence of a new militant configuration of a transitional nature in the current epoch.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Nepal: First record of Amblyomma varanense (Supino), with an update of species list Pun, Shyam Kumar; Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro; Tarragona, Evelina Luisa; Nava, Santiago; Maharjan, Mahendra Males and females specimens of Amblyomma were collected from Orthriophis hodgsoni (Squamata: Colubridae) caught during routine herpetological work in Kathmandu. Morphological characteristics led to the diagnosis of A. varanense, constituting the second Nepalese species for the genus after the collection of Amblyomma gervaisi, also from a colubrid snake, almost 100 years ago. Amblyomma varanense is the 55th species found in the country, and preceded for the collection of 21 species of Haemaphysalis, 14 Ixodes, 6 Rhipicephalus, 6 Hyalomma, 4 Dermacentor, 1 Amblyomma, 1 Anomalohimalaya and 1 species of Nosomma. Eleven and 19 species have been found on humans and domestic mammals, respectively, evidencing the medical and economic importance of Nepalese Ixodidae.

PI3K/Akt cooperates with oncogenic Notch by inducing nitric oxide-dependent inflammation Villegas, Santiago Nahuel; Gombos, Rita; García López, Lucia; Gutiérrez Pérez, Irene; García Castillo, Jesús; Vallejo, Diana Marcela; Da Ros, Vanina Gabriela; Ballesta Illán, Esther; Mihály, József; Dominguez, Maria The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Notch, and other oncogenes cooperate in the induction of aggressive cancers. Elucidating how the PI3K/Akt pathway facilitates tumorigenesis by other oncogenes may offer opportunities to develop drugs with fewer side effects than those currently available. Here, using an unbiased in vivo chemical genetic screen in Drosophila, we identified compounds that inhibit the activity of proinflammatory enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and lipoxygenase (LOX) as selective suppressors of Notch-PI3K/Akt cooperative oncogenesis. Tumor silencing of NOS and LOX signaling mirrored the antitumor effect of the hit compounds, demonstrating their participation in Notch-PI3K/Akt-induced tumorigenesis. Oncogenic PI3K/Akt signaling triggered inflammation and immunosuppression via aberrant NOS expression. Accordingly, activated Notch tumorigenesis was fueled by hampering the immune response or by NOS overexpression to mimic a protumorigenic environment. Our lead compound, the LOX inhibitor BW B70C, also selectively killed human leukemic cells by dampening the NOTCH1-PI3K/AKT-eNOS axis.

Overexpression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in visceral adipose tissue and underexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the adrenal cortex of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism Miceli, Diego Daniel; Abiuso, Adriana María Belén; Vidal, Patricia Noemi; Gallelli, Maria Florencia; Pignataro, Omar Pedro; Castillo, Victor Alejandro 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) is an enzyme that activates cortisone into cortisol in tissues. Alterations in this enzyme are related to the development of metabolic syndrome, obesity and hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces nitric oxide and is related to the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate 11β-HSD1 and eNOS expression in dogs with HAC. Visceral adipose tissue samples were taken to evaluate 11β-HSD1 expression by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In parallel, adrenal gland samples were collected to evaluate eNOS expression by immunohistochemistry. 11β-HSD1 expression was significantly higher in the adipocytes of dogs with HAC than in those of the control dogs. eNOS expression in the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) was significantly lower in the dogs with HAC than in the control dogs. 11β-HSD1 overexpression and eNOS underexpression could play a role in the maintenance of hypercortisolism in dogs with HAC.

Direct analysis of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites with strong overlapping in both the spectral and lifetime domains Alfarhani, Bassam; Al-Tameemi, Maha; Goicoechea, Hector Casimiro; Barbosa, Fernando Jr.; Campiglia, Andres D. The ultimate goal of the present study is to develop screening methodology for the urine analysis of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The investigated approach is based on surface matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, where octadecyl silica membranes serve the dual purpose of metabolite extraction and solid substrate for fluorescence measurements. One of the main challenges faced by this approach is the interference of concomitants in the sample matrix. The present study focuses on three metabolites with strong spectral and lifetime overlapping, namely benzo[a]pyrene-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9-tetrahydrotriol and benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol. As an attempt to improve spectral and lifetime resolution, time-resolved excitation emission matrices are recorded at 77 K with the aid of a cryogenic fiber optic probe and laser-based instrumentation. In comparison to conventional spectrofluorimeters, the use of laser-based instrumentation improves the limits of detection by approximately two-orders of magnitude. The fiber optic probe facilitates the collection of time-resolved excitation emission matrices for the detection of the three metabolites at the pg mL− 1 concentration level. Their accurate determination in urine samples of unknwon composition is only possible with the aid of unfolded-partial least squares/residual tri-linearization. This algorithm demonstrated to be well-equipped to handle strong overlapping in both the spectral and time domains.

Pesca con cebo activo por Ardea alba (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) en Argentina Sovrano, Lorena Vanesa; Beltzer, Adolfo Hector El comportamiento de pesca con cebo activo ha sido registrado en especies de la familia Ardeidae. Para la Garza Blanca (Ardea alba) sólo existe un registro previo en la literatura. Mediante este aporte se documenta el registro de pesca con cebo activo por la Garza Blanca observado en un Parque urbano de Argentina.

Óxido nítrico y factores relacionados a oxidación e inflamación como posibles biomarcadores de insuficiencia cardíaca; Nitric oxide and related factors linked to oxidation and inflammation as possible biomarkers of heart failure Bonafede, Roberto Jorge; Manucha, Walter Ariel Fernando Como enfermedad cardiovascular prevalente, la insuficiencia cardíaca es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad prematura. Por ello, existe un especial interés sobre el estudio de marcadores eficientes asociados al riesgo y/o predicción de eventos cardiovasculares. En consecuencia se proponen a múltiples candidatos, pero sobresalen especialmente aquellos implicados en procesos oxidativos e inflamatorios propios de la enfermedad cardiovascular como el anión superóxido, óxido nítrico y peroxinitrito. En este sentido, existe una falta de conocimiento sobre las potenciales utilidades de estos sistemas como biomarcadores. La presente revisión procura contribuir a la mayor comprensión de estos sistemas para una mejor caracterización de pacientes. Por otra parte, un profundo conocimiento de estos complejos sistemas también permitiría proponer nuevas líneas de investigación para el desarrollo de inéditas herramientas terapéuticas como una auspiciosa frontera para el abordaje de esta patología.; As a prevalent cardiovascular disease, heart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality. Therefore, there is a special interest in the study of efficient markers associated with risk and / or prediction of cardiovascular events. Multiple candidates are proposed, especially those involved in oxidative and inflammatory processes typical of cardiovascular disease, such as superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. There is a lack of knowledge on the potential usefulness of these systems as biomarkers. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding of these systems, as well as an improved patient profile. Furthermore, a deep knowledge of these complex systems would also allow proposing new lines of research for the development of new therapeutic tools as a promising start for new approaches to this disease.

Hydrogen sulfide increases production of NADPH oxidase-dependent hydrogen peroxide and phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid in guard cell signaling Scuffi, Denise; Nietzel, Thomas; Di Fino, Luciano Martin; Meyer, Andreas J.; Lamattina, Lorenzo; Schwarzlände, Markus; Laxalt, Ana Maria; Garcia-Mata, Carlos Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in plants that participates in stress responses and development. L-Cys desulfhydrase 1, one of the enzymatic sources of H2S in plants, participates in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. We combined pharmacological and genetic approaches to elucidate the involvement of H2S in stomatal closure and the interplay between H2S and other second messengers of the guard cell signaling network, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both NADPH oxidase isoforms, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH)D and RBOHF, were required for H2S-induced stomatal closure. In vivo imaging using the cytosolic ratiometric fluorescent biosensor roGFP2-Orp1 revealed that H2S stimulates H2O2 production in Arabidopsis guard cells. Additionally, we observed an interplay between H2S and PLD activity in the regulation of reactive oxygen species production and stomatal movement. The PLDα1 and PLDδ isoforms were required for H2S-induced stomatal closure, and most of the H2S-dependent H2O2 production required the activity of PLDα1. Finally, we showed that H2S induced increases in the PLDδ-derived phosphatidic acid levels in guard cells. Our results revealed the involvement of H2S in the signaling network that controls stomatal closure, and suggest that H2S regulates NADPH oxidase and PLD activity in guard cells.

Efecto de la concentración y la aplicación de MTMO sobre acero electrocincado Seré, Pablo Ricardo; Egli, Walter Alfredo; Elsner, Cecilia Ines; Di Sarli, Alejandro Ramón; Deya, Marta Cecilia Los pretratamientos superficiales a base de silanos son una de las alternativas más convenientes para reemplazara los cromatos como protectores temporarios de sustratos metálicos expuestos a la acción de ambientesagresivos. El mecanismo de protección contra la corrosión, en el caso de los silanos es por efecto barrera, loque hace que características como porosidad, espesor y homogeneidad de la película tengan una marcadainfluencia sobre su eficacia[1, 2]. En el presente trabajo se estudió la capacidad protectora contra la corrosióndel mercaptopropiltrimetoxisilano (MTMO) sobre chapas de acero electrocincado, analizando la influenciade su concentración durante la aplicación y de la cantidad de capas aplicadas. Como pretratamiento, lasmuestras fueron desengrasadas por ultrasonido sumergiéndolas en tolueno durante 2 min a 40 ºC. La superficiede las muestras fue activada sumergiéndolas en una solución de NaOH al 10% p/v y aplicando una densidadde corriente catódica de 0,12 A/cm2, la temperatura se controló a 40 ºC. La solución de MTMO se preparóañadiendo 2 ó 4% v/v de MTMO a una solución de agua destilada/metanol (3:2 v/v, de pH 4 ajustado conácido acético) [3], y se hidrolizó durante 60 min; a algunas muestras se les aplicó una y a otras dos capas deMTMO. Posteriormente se curaron a 80 ºC durante 10 min. La porosidad se evaluó por voltametría cíclica [4]y por reacción al sulfato de cobre, la morfología y espesor mediante SEM-EDS, y el comportamiento frente ala corrosión mediante la obtención de curvas de polarización, espectrometría de impedancia electroquímica yexponiendo las muestras en cámara de humedad y temperatura controladas. De los resultados obtenidos puedeinferirse que la capacidad protectora aportada por dos capas de MTMO es mayor que la debida a un aumentode su concentración. Además, estas variables de proceso afectan tanto la morfología como el espesorde la película.

The comings and goings of sheep and pottery in the coastal desert of Namaqualand, South Africa Dewar, Genevieve; Marsh, Erik Johnson This paper evaluates chronological trends in the presence and absence of domestic animal bone (sheep, goat, and cattle) and pottery in Namaqualand, the proposed gateway to the rest of South Africa for early herders or hunter-gatherers with sheep and ceramics. We update date calibrations with local ΔR corrections and mixtures of recent calibration curves and include five previously unpublished dates. We use histograms of calibrated medians, sorted in 100-year bins, to assess sustained regional patterns with dates associated with domestic animal bone and pottery (n = 73). While too small to be useful as a population proxy, the current set of dates does reveal three pulses of occupation separated by two clear gaps, which we evaluate with a Bayesian model of three sequential phases. The model's boundaries are used as estimates of the dates of Early (AD 80–210), Middle (AD 490–790), and Late (AD 1180–1690) occupational phases separated by two substantial lapses of 280 and 380 years, respectively. The alternating phases of presence and absence are suggestively correlated with climate shifts, leading to a discussion of the idea that effective moisture was a crucial factor in choosing whether to occupy Namaqualand. The set of archaeological dates has greater temporal and spatial resolution than many regional climate data, so we suggest that these trends may more accurately reflect the variable conditions specific to Namaqualand, at least until they are refined by future climate research.

Los erizos del oro en la poesía de Arturo Carrera y los encuentros con los agujeros de la historia Rasic, María Eugenia En el siguiente trabajo intentaremos poner a prueba una lectura archifilológica de la obra del poeta argentino Arturo Carrera, más precisamente, de los comienzos de su escritura. Dicha lectura nos enfrentará al menos con dos inquietudes. La primera, de qué manera es posible ver aparecer la potencia del archivo en su obra poética. La segunda, qué tradiciones y qué dimensiones se activan en la obra desde esa perspectiva, tomando como punto de partida el mapa cosmológico Momento de Simetría (1973), Oro (1975) y Mi padre (1985), más allá de sus filiaciones barrocas. Entre ambas cuestiones veremos si es posible configurar un método de lectura para el armado de un recorrido histórico particular que opere con los destellos temporales o erizos dorados que la poesía deja a la vista, para volver a ser activados en otro tiempo y lugar de obra.; In the following paper we will test an archifilological reading of the work of the Argentine poet Arturo Carrera, more precisely, of the beginnings of his writing. This reading will confront us with at least two concerns. First, in what way it is possible to see the power of file appear in his poetic work. The second, what traditions and what dimensions are activated in the work from that perspective, taking as starting point the cosmological map Momento de simetría (1973), Oro (1975) and Mi padre (1985), beyond its baroque filiations. Both questions will help us see if it is possible to configure a reading method for the assembly of a particular historical tour that operates with the temporary flashes or golden urchins that the poetry leaves in sight, to be activated again in another time and place of work.

Galectins in intestinal inflammation: Galectin-1 expression delineates response to treatment in celiac disease patients Sundblad, Victoria; Quintar, Amado Alfredo; Morosi, Luciano Gastón; Niveloni, Sonia I.; Cabanne, Ana; Smecuol, Edgardo; Mauriño, Eduardo; Mariño, Karina Valeria; Bai, Julio C.; Maldonado, Cristina Alicia; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián Galectins, a family of animal lectins characterized by their affinity for N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates, modulate several immune cell processes shaping the course of innate and adaptive immune responses. Through interaction with a wide range of glycosylated receptors bearing complex branched N-glycans and core 2-O-glycans, these endogenous lectins trigger distinct signaling programs thereby controling immune cell activation, differentiation, recruitment and survival. Given the unique features of mucosal inflammation and the differential expression of galectins throughout the gastrointestinal tract, we discuss here key findings on the role of galectins in intestinal inflammation, particularly Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease (CeD) patients, as well as in murine models resembling these inflammatory conditions. In addition, we present new data highlighting the regulated expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of the galectin family, during intestinal inflammation in untreated and treated CeD patients. Our results unveil a substantial upregulation of Gal-1 accompanying the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic response associated with gluten-free diet in CeD patients, suggesting a major role of this lectin in favoring resolution of inflammation and restoration of mucosal homeostasis. Thus, a coordinated network of galectins and their glycosylated ligands, exerting either anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory responses, may influence the interplay between intestinal epithelial cells and the highly specialized gut immune system in physiologic and pathologic settings.

Mudflat Use and Predation on Male Southwestern Atlantic Fiddler Crabs (Uca uruguayensis) by Gull-billed Terns (Gelochelidon nilotica) Ribeiro, Pablo Damián; Navarro, Diego; Jaureguy, Luciano M.; Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo Gull-billed Terns (Gelochelidon nilotica) comprise a group of cosmopolitan subspecies that make use of a wide range of aquatic ecosystems and have a broad dietary spectrum. This study documents the use of a southwestern Atlantic mudflat in Argentina and depredation of the southwestern Atlantic fiddler crab (Uca uruguayensis) by Gull-billed Terns. Gull-billed Terns preyed exclusively on male fiddler crabs. This may have been due to the observed presence of Gull-billed Terns mainly between 2 and 3 hr after low tide, when more than 80% of fiddler crabs active on the surface were males. Gull-billed Terns spent 66.9% of the time flying over and feeding on fiddler crabs. Gull-billed Terns landed without feeding 9.3% of the time. Gull-billed Terns succeeded in capturing prey in 29.8% of cases. Food capture rate of Gull-billed Terns was 68.9 items/hr, which is higher than rates reported for the species feeding on fiddler crabs in Mauritania and Guinea Bissau.

New Neotropical species of Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan and redescription of D. multilineata (Lutz) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Santarém, Maria Clara Alves; Borkent, Art; Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo; Felippe Bauer, Maria Luiza Seven new species of Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan 1988–D. casimirensis, D. costaricensis, D. eclectica, D. jarina, D. litorale, D. marambaia and D. moravia–are described and illustrated based on male and female specimens from Central and South America. The new species are compared with their similar congener D. multilineata (Lutz). A redescription of D. multilineata is presented and its neotype designated. These eight species were included in the multilineata species group, and a diagnosis and identification key are presented for each.

Effects of lysozyme on the activity of ionic of fluoroquinolone species Pérez, Hugo Alejandro; Bustos, Ana Yanina; Taranto, Maria Pia; Frías, María de los Ángeles; Ledesma, Ana Estela Fluoroquinolones (FQs) constitute an important class of biologically active broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that are which are in contact with many biological fluids under different acidity conditions. We studied the reactivity of ciprofloxacin (Cpx) and levofloxacin (Lev) and their interaction with lysozyme (Lyz) at different pH values, using UV-visible absorption, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopies supported by DFT calculation and docking. In addition, by antimicrobial assays, the biological consequences of the interaction were evaluated. DFT calculation predicted that the FQ cationic species present at acid pH have lower stabilization energies, with an electric charge rearrangement because of their interactions with solvent molecules. NBO and frontier orbital calculations evidenced the role of two charged centers, NH 2 + and COO − , for interactions by electronic delocalization effects. Both FQs bind to Lyz via a static quenching with a higher interaction in neutral medium. The interaction induces a structural rearrangement in β-sheet content while in basic pH a protective effect against the denaturation of Lyz was inferred. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters and docking showed that hydrophobic, electrostatic forces and hydrogen bond are the responsible of Cpx-Lyz and Lev-Lyz associations. Antimicrobial assays evidenced an antagonist effect of Lyz in acid medium while in neutral medium the FQs’ activities were not modified by Lyz.

A new Pliosaurus species (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia: New insights on the Tithonian morphological disparity of mandibular symphyseal morphology O'gorman, Jose Patricio; Brandoni, Zulma Nelida; Spalletti, Luis Antonio Most species of the genus Pliosaurus Owen, 1842 come from the Northern Hemisphere, however, a growing number of new specimens are now available from the Southern Hemisphere. Here, a new species of Pliosaurus is described, the second for the genus from the Southern Hemisphere, collected from the upper Tithonian (Jurassic) levels of the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Province, Patagonia. Pliosaurus almanzaensis new species is characterized by two autapomophies: the angular participating in the mandibular symphysis and the occipital condyle without a notochordal pit or several, irregularly arranged grooves. Additionally, P. almanzaensis n. sp. can be differentiated from other Pliosaurus species by the following characters: trihedral teeth, nine or more symphyseal alveoli, 15-17 post-symphyseal alveoli, and the parasphenoid without a ventral keel. Pliosaurus almanzaensis n. sp. shows that Pliosaurus species with nine or more symphyseal alveoli persisted until the late Tithonian, contrary to previous assumptions that only species with six symphyseal alveoli were present.

Does the Morphology of the Forelimb Flexor Muscles Differ Between Lizards Using Different Habitats? Lowie, Aurélien; Herrel, Anthony; Abdala, Virginia Sara Luz; Manzano, Adriana Silvina; Fabre, Anne Claire Lizards are an interesting group to study how habitat use impacts the morphology of the forelimb because they occupy a great diversity of ecological niches. In this study, we specifically investigated whether habitat use impacts the morphology of the forelimb flexor muscles in lizards. To do so, we performed dissections and quantified the physiological cross sectional area (PCSA), the fiber length, and the mass of four flexor muscles in 21 different species of lizards. Our results show that only the PCSA of the m. flexor carpi radialis is different among lizards with different ecologies (arboreal versus non-arboreal). This difference disappeared, however, when taking phylogeny into account. Arboreal species have a higher m. flexor carpi radialis cross sectional area likely allowing them to flex the wrist more forcefully which may allow them climb and hold on to branches better. In contrast, other muscles are not different between arboreal and non-arboreal species. Further studies focusing on additional anatomical features of the lizard forelimb as well as studies documenting how lizards use the arboreal niche are needed to fully understand how an arboreal life style may constrain limb morphology in lizards. Anat Rec, 301:424–433, 2018.