Disputas políticas y judiciales en torno a procesos de desalojos de ocupaciones de suelo en Buenos Aires Cravino, Maria Cristina

Agro-industrial Wastewaters Bioremediation by Ligninolytic Macrofungi Ahmed, Pablo Miguel; Rosales Soro, Maria del Milagro; Castellanos, Lucia Ines; Pajot, Hipolito Fernando Industrial activity has always resulted in some class of contamination, either solid waste,wastewater or gaseous pollution. The agro-industrial wastes consist of many and varied residues from agriculture and food industry and are worldwide produced at an estimated rate of thousand million tons per year. Although several agro-industrial residues can be disposed of safely in the environment due to its biodegradable nature, the vast quantities in which they are generated makes it necessary to look for disposition mechanisms involving the production of goods or services. Biotechnology offers many feasible alternatives to thedisposal of agro-industrial wastes, allowing seeing the problems of waste disposal under a new light, as a source of valuable resources for the production of fuels, feeds, medical, pharmaceutical and industrial products.Microbial processes are being examined as viable remediation technologies to fight environmental pollution, thus a variety of cleanup technologies have been put into practice and novel methods of bioremediation for the treatment of agro-industrial wastes are currently being worked out. An emerging field is the exploitation of waste?s nutritive potential for the production of various high-value compounds.

Soybean Agribusiness in Argentina (1990–2015): Socio-Economic, Territorial, Environmental, and Political Implications Gómez Lende, Sebastián; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Nowadays, soybean value chain is both the major expression of agribusiness and one of the most troublesome uses of territory of Argentina. This chapter is aimed to analyzing the worrying socio-economic, territorial, environmental, and political implications unchained by the expansion of the soybean’s pattern during the last 25 years. On the basis of scholarly literature and both official and unofficial sources of data, we have studied the restructuration of the rural sector, the concentration of both the rural property and the agro-industrial chain, the new territorial enclosures, the socio-ecological and health consequences of the soybean’s advance, and the influence of the transnational seed industry on the farmers’ subordination. Our results show a substantial reduction of both the amount of rural units and the traditional production areas, the emergence of new leasing practices, the accumulation chain’s vertical integration, the growth of the land’s concentration, the expulsion of aborigines and peasants, the increase of deforestation and environmental degradation, the loss of legal and food sovereignty, and the serious impacts on the population’s health due to the massive fumigations with agrochemicals. The chapter’s findings suggest that soybean agribusiness should be considered as an irrational use of territory for most of the national society.

Guía práctica para el cultivo de flores y bulbos de Lilium Francescangeli, Nora; Marinangeli, Pablo Alejandro Los Lilium han fascinado a la humanidad desde tiempos remotos. Se mencionan en el Antiguo y en el Nuevo Testamento, y existen datos sobre su cultivo de más de 3000 años.Es una de las especies que lidera el mercado internacional de flores, ya que es muy apreciada por su calidad y posibilidades ornamentales en diferentes aplicaciones.Aunque se cuenta con numerosas fuentes de información sobre los aspectos de un cultivo comercial, con esta guía, los autores pretenden difundir aún más el conocimiento del Lilium y alentar su producción para el desarrollo de las floriculturas regionales, especialmente en lugares naturalmente aptos, sin sofisticadas inversiones tecnológicas.

Microalgal Biomass as an Alternative Source of Sugars for the Production of Bioethanol Sanz Smachetti, María Eugenia; Sánchez Rizza, Lara; Coronel, Camila Denise; Do Nascimento, Mauro; Curatti, Leonardo Ethanol is mostly produced by fermentation. The demand of ethanol as a renewabletransportation fuel has increased dramatically during the last decades. Thecurrent feedstocks for first generation bioethanol are sugar cane and corn kernels,in Brazil and USA, respectively. More recently, concerns regarding food securityand environment conservation promoted R+D+i of second generation (2G) bioethanolfrom lignocellulosic plant feedstocks. However, the complex structure ofthese materials poses a difficult-to-overcome barrier to a wider production of 2Gbioethanol. Thus, production of third generation (3G) bioethanol from photosyntheticmicroorganisms such as microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivated in aquaticfarms is increasingly considered a viable alternative according to higher productivitiesand simpler biochemical composition and structure in comparison withterrestrial crops. Strategies for cultivation, downstream processing for conversioninto biofuels, with emphasis in 3G bioethanol, and main drawbacks for technologydevelopments are discussed in this chapter.

Estudios a múltiples escalas de las interacciones entre enemigos naturales, hervíboros y plantas en ecosistemas agrícolas y urbanos Defagó, María Teresa; Fenoglio, Maria Silvina; González, Ezequiel; Rossetti, María Rosa; Salvo, Silvia Adriana; Videla, Ignacio Martín Los insectos son un grupo numeroso y diverso de organismos que participa en distintos procesos ecológicos y contribuye al funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. La diversidad de  estos organismos está disminuyendo como consecuencia de distintos disturbios antrópicos, lo que compromete la provisión de varios servicios ecosistémicos (ej. polinización y control biológico) fundamentales para la producción de alimento. La intensificación de la agricultura constituye una de las principales causas de pérdida de biodiversidad debido al uso de plaguicidas sintéticos y fertilizantes inorgánicos. En este contexto, resulta esencial desarrollar estrategias alternativas de producción de alimentos que resulten ecológicamente
más sustentables. El desarrollo de insecticidas botánicos constituye una herramienta amigable con el ambiente para el control de insectos plaga. Nuestro grupo trabaja, desde hace 15 años, en colaboración con el Laboratorio de Química Fina (UCC) evaluando  compuestos botánicos con efecto insecticida.

Efecto de Motocross en la vegetación y en las propiedades fisico-químicas del suelo en la zona aledaña a la reserva Divisadero Largo, Mendoza Herrera Moratta, Mario Andres; Navas Romero, Ana Laura; Dalmasso, Antonio Daniel; Mauricio, Ricardo Resumen. La falta de circuitos para actividades off-road ha llevado a la utilización de ambientes naturales como pistas de entretenimiento. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar cómo afectan estas actividades las propiedades físico-químicas del suelo, la identidad y la cobertura vegetal, en zonas sometidas a motocross y zonas aledañas prístinas. Se empleó un diseño en bloque con zonas de circulación de motocross y zonas aledañas vírgenes. Se evaluó la cobertura vegetal por medio de Point Quadrat modificado y por censos fitosociológicos. Se determinó densidad aparente y densidad real, porosidad, textura, conductividad, pH y compactación del suelo. La cobertura vegetal fue significativamente diferente entre zonas testigos y zonas impactadas. La vegetación herbácea desapareció casi por completo en la vía de circulación . Encontramos diferencias significativas en el pH y compactación de los suelos. La baja cobertura vegetal, principalmente de leñosas, en las zonas perturbadas sumadas a la alta conductividad y compactación de suelos, podrían ser indicadores del impacto de este deporte en la zona piedemontana. Estas actividades podrían constituir una importante perturbación indirecta sobre las propiedades del sistema, ocasionando una pérdida de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos por lo que debería ser restringida a determinadas áreas.

Antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities Sanchez Alberti, Andrés; Cerny, Natacha; Bivona, Augusto Ernesto; Cazorla, Silvia Ines The so-called neglected tropical diseases, which are endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, affect more than 1 billion people annually, including 875 million children in developing economies. These diseases are responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year and are characterized by long-term disability and severe pain. Neglected tropical diseases include Chagas’ disease, human African trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, among others. The current chemotherapeutic treatments are clearly out-of-date and inadequate because of the toxic effects, the generation of resistance, and frequent inefficacy and because the route and long- term schedules of administration are not adapted to the field conditions. Taken these drawbacks into account, the search for active compounds that provide the basis for the development of new therapies capable of generating curing against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. infections is highly desirable. Natural products are an increasing source of new drugs. In recent decades, the Asteraceae family has been extensively studied due to the large number and variety of active compounds that can be extracted from each species. Among them, sesquiterpene lactones are characteristic phytochemicals within this family. The antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., and Plasmodium spp. has been reported for these compounds, making them interesting leads for future drug design.

Población y economía: Recorrido histórico del estado del arte Manzano, Fernando; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel Es posible alcanzar una comprensión más integral de los problemas sociales complejos cuando se incorporan mayor cantidad de disciplinas, en un marco de coherencia teórica. La interdisciplinariedad cobra sentido por cuanto flexibiliza y amplía los marcos de referencia de la realidad, en contraposición con los procedimientos que mantienen cierto exclusivismo de una doctrina y recurren a experimentos abstractos para adecuarla frente a un entorno cambiante…

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017 Bais, A. F.; Lucas, R. M.; Bornman, J. F.; Williamson, C. E.; Sulzberger, B.; Austin, Amy Theresa; Wilson, S. R.; Andrady, A. L.; Bernhard, G.; McKenzie, R. L.; Aucamp, P. J.; Madronich, S.; Neale, R. E.; Yazar, S.; Young, A. R.; De Gruijl, F. R.; Norval, M.; Takizawa, Y.; Barnes, P. W.; Robson, T. M.; Robinson, S. A.; Ballare, Carlos Luis; Flint, S. D.; Neale, P. J.; Hylande, S.; Rose, K. C.; Wängberg, S.-Å.; Häder, D.-P.; Worrest, R. C.; Zepp, R. G.; Paul, N. D.; Cory, R. M.; Solomon, K. R.; Longstreth, J.; Pandey, K. K.; Redhwi, H. H.; Torikai, A.; Heikkilä, A. M. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth´s surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.

B group vitamins: Current uses and perspectives Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph; Savoy, Graciela This book contains eight chapters dealing with different aspects of B-group vitamins including their roles, uses, and perspectives. Authors from seven different countries (Argentina, India, Japan, Malaysia, Serbia, Turkey and the USA) have written original chapters relevant to these important micronutrients. This multitopic book is divided into three sections: Folate, Thiamin, and Other B-Vitamins. In the first section, there is discussion on the use of novel methods such as FTIR to detect folate (vitamin B9) in pregnant women, the use and role of folate in dentistry and the use of genotype notification, such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms C677T, to urge patients to increase their intake of foods rich in folates such as green-yellow vegetables with promising original data from the Sakado Folate Project. The second section involves the description of thiamin (vitamin B1) metabolism in Archaea and the role that this vitamin plays in plants and the current perspectives on crop improvement. The third section involves a description of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and innovations in improving blood safety and the role niacin (vitamin B3) plays in metabolic stress and insulin resistance in dairy cows.

Actinobacteria as bio-tools for removing and degrading α-, β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane Sineli, Pedro Eugenio; Tortella, Gonzalo; Cuozzo, Sergio Antonio The organochlorine insecticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), also called lindane, and its non-insecticidal isomers α- and β- continue generating serious environmental and health concerns, although their use has been restricted or completely banned. Therefore, the removal of pesticides from the environment, or their transformation into less toxic compounds is a topic of research interest worldwide. This chapter discusses the potential of actinobacteria, mainly those belonging to the Streptomyces genus, to remove the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane under different physicochemical conditions. Furthermore, the optimal pH and temperature conditions for the removal of hexachlorocyclohexane by regional Streptomyces strain (Streptomyces sp. M7) are presented. This chapter also reports the ability of this actinobacterium to remove a mixture composed of α-, β- and γ-HCH (lindane), which is important considering that multiple isomers are normally present in contaminated sites. This chapter highlights the ability of actinobacteria to remove α-, β-, and γ-HCH isomers from liquid and soil systems, under a diverse set of physicochemical conditions and postulates actinobacteria as potential agents to bioremediate environments contaminated with organochlorine pesticides.

Dynamics of partially thermalized solutions of the Burgers equation Clark Di Leoni, Patricio; Mininni, Pablo Daniel; Brachet, Marc E. The spectrally truncated, or finite dimensional, versions of several equations of inviscid flows display transient solutions which match their viscous counterparts, but which eventually lead to thermalized states in which energy is in equipartition between all modes. Recent advances in the study of the Burgers equation show that the thermalization process is triggered after the formation of sharp localized structures within the flow called "tygers." We show that the process of thermalization first takes place in well defined subdomains, before engulfing the whole space. Using spatio-temporal analysis on data from numerical simulations, we study propagation of tygers and find that they move at a well defined mean speed that can be obtained from energy conservation arguments.

Evolution of South American mammalian predators during the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Forasiepi, Analia Marta El libro es parte de la serie Springer Geology focalizada a transmitir a otros investigadores, estudiantes e interesados sobre Ciencias de la Tierra, con un lenguaje didáctico y rigor científico. El libro-revisa la información disponible en el registro fósil, las relaciones de parentesco y la ecología de los mamíferos carnívoros que habitaron América del Sur, así como los cambios geológicos y ambientales que ocurrieron a lo largo del Cenozoico, para entender cómo fue su evolución: origen, modos de vida (hábitos locomotores y alimentarios), diversificación, movimientos faunísticos y extinción. También analiza las limitaciones del registro fósil y como los sesgos afectan las interpretaciones que se realizan en paleontología. En este volumen se estudian los dos principales grupos de mamíferos que ocuparon y/o ocupan el rol de los depredadores en la América del Sur continental. Por un lado los Sparassodonta, un grupo extinto de metaterios depredadores emparentado con los marsupiales vivientes (comadrejas, canguros, etc.) Los esparasodontes se originaron en América del Sur al inicio del Cenozoico y se extinguieron hace aproximadamente 3 millones de años. Su evolución estuvo vinculada a la historia biogeográfica de América del Sur; más específicamente al aislamiento geográfico del continente. Hace unos 3 millones de años y a través del Istmo de Panamá América del Norte y del Sur quedaron unidas por un puente terrestre, lo que desencadenó el más importante intercambio biótico de los últimos tiempos. Se conocen algo más de 60 especies de esparasodontes, los que tuvieron una diversidad ecológica importante: desde especies pequeñas (ca. de 1 kg) similares a las comadrejas,hasta grandes (más de 100 kg). Algunas de estas especies habrían podido partir el hueso de las carcasas de sus presas, como las hienas; mientras que otras formas,altamente especializadas, fueron comparables a los tigres dientes de sable, con largos caninos en forma de dagas. La mayoría poseía una dieta altamente especializada al consumo de otros mamíferos y vertebrados y sólo algunas especies tenían hábitos más generalistas y dietas que podrían haber incluido otros tipos de alimentos, como insectos y vegetales. El otro grupo de depredadores son los Carnivora, un grupo de mamíferos placentarios que incluye a las familias de los canidos, félidos, osos, coatíes y focas, entre otros. Este grupo se originó en el Hemisferio Norte y registró por primera en América del Sur en el Mioceno tardío (ca. 7 millones de años), aunque su diversidad es limitada. Contrariamente, hacia los 1.8 millones de años, se reconocen en el registro fósil una gran diversidad taxonómica y formas ecológicas (grandes osos, zorros, hurones, tigres dientes de sable, etc. ). La información recopilada y los análisis realizados en el libro permitieron evaluar la hipótesis de la competencia entre estos grupos y su vinculación con la extinción de los esparasodontes, concluyéndose que hasta la fecha no hay evidencia que permita soportarla. La extinción de los esparasodontes parece ser parte de un recambio faunístico mayor que ocurrió en América del Sur durante el Mioceno tardío y el Plioceno en vinculación a eventos geológicos de relevancia, cambios ambientales y el establecimiento de los ecosistemas actuales.

El orden de las ciencias especulativas según sí mismas en las introducciones de los comentarios de Tomás de Aquino a Aristóteles Mendoza, José María Felipe La siguiente exposición pretende esclarecer un hecho singular en la exégesis de algunos textos tomísticos relativos a los grados de los saberes científicos, que en esencia señala la relación jerárquica entre los géneros de la física, matemática y teología o metafísica.

The late Oligocene-early Miocene marine transgression of Patagonia Encinas, Alfonso; Folguera Telichevsky, Andres; Bechis, Florencia; Finger, Kennet; Zambrano, Patricio; Pérez, Andrés Felipe; Bernabé, Pablo; Tapia, Francisca; Riffo, Ricardo; Buatois, Luis Alberto; Orts, Darío Leandro; Nielsen, Sven Nikolaus; Valencia, Víctor V.; Cuitiño, José Ignacio; Oliveros, Verónica; De Girolamo Del Mauro, Lizet; Ramos, Victor Alberto The most important Cenozoic marine transgression in Patagonia occurred during the late Oligocene–early Miocene when marine waters of Pacific and Atlantic origin flooded most of southern South America including the present Patagonian Andes between ~41° and 47° S. The age, correlation, and tectonic setting of the different marine formations deposited during this period are debated. However, recent studies based principally on U–Pb geochronology and Sr isotope stratigraphy, indicate that all of these units had accumulated during the late Oligocene–early Miocene. The marine transgression flooded a vast part of southern South America and, according to paleontological data, probably allowed for the first time in the history of this area a transient connection between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Marine deposition started in the late Oligocene–earliest Miocene (~26–23 Ma) and was probably caused by a regional event of extension related to major plate reorganization in the Southeast Pacific. Progressive extension and crustal thinning allowed a generalized marine flooding of Patagonia that reached its maximum extension at ~20 Ma. It was followed by a phase of compressive tectonics that started around 19–16 Ma and led to the growth of the Patagonian Andes. The youngest (~19–15 Ma) marine deposits that accumulated in the eastern Andean Cordillera and the extra-Andean regions are coeval with fluvial synorogenic deposits and probably had accumulated under a compressive regime.

Hábitos de consumo: el caso de la Feria de Productores de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Consumption habits: the case of the Producers' Fair of the National University of La Matanza Jäger, Mariano; Feito, Maria Carolina; Pelizzari, Cecilia; Mateu, Silvana; Battista, Susana; Solari, Camila El Instituto de Medio Ambiente de la Universidad Nacional de la Matanza organiza, con el apoyo del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, desde el año 2015 ferias de agricultura familiar en su campus. Los objetivos de la Feria cuyo lema es “Del Productor al Consumidor”, que en cada evento cuenta con unos 40 feriantes, son sensibilizar a la comunidad educativa y a la población local en relación con la agricultura familiar y a la Economía Social y Solidaria y dar a conocer formas de producción más amigables con el ambiente dentro de un modelo de producción socialmente inclusivo. El artículo enmarca la feria en la realidad nacional en relación con la seguridad alimentaria y resume los resultados de dos tomas de opinión que se han realizado a los consumidores para relevar sus hábitos de consumo y expectativas de alimentos adquiridos en una feria de agricultura familiar.; the environment institute of the national university of la Matanza organizes, with the support from the national institute of agrarian technology and since 2015, family agriculture fairs on its campus. the aims of the fair, whose slogan is "From the producer to the consumer" and which counts with some forty participants in each event, are raising awareness in the educational community and the local population about family agriculture and social, solidary economy and publi cizing the most environment-friendly ways of production within a socially inclusive production model. the article frames the fair within the national reality in regards to food safety and it summarizes the results of two opinion surveys from consumers carried out to gather information about their consumption habits and their expectations about food acquired at a family agriculture fair.food acquired at a family agriculture fair.

The clinical features of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infections are associated with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and their expression on the surface of natural killer cells Podhorzer, Ariel; Dirchwolf, Melisa; Machicote, Andrés Pablo; Belen, Santiago; Montal, Silvina; Paz, Silvia; Fainboim, Hugo; Podestá, Luis G.; Fainboim, Leonardo Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are known to play a role in the acute phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The present study investigated their roles in chronic HCV (CHCV) infection by analyzing the phenotypes and function of natural killer (NK) and T cells that express KIRs. T cells from CHCV patients showed a more differentiated phenotype, and NK cells exhibited an activated profile. These observations are consistent with the increased expression of the degranulation marker CD107a observed after PMA stimulation. We explored the correlations between the expression of KIR genes and lectin type-C receptors with clinical factors that predict progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The expression levels of KIR2DS3 and the functional alleles of KIR2DS4-FL were increased in patients with intermediate and high viral loads. Homozygous KIR2DS4 was also associated with the presence of cirrhosis. In the group of individuals with a shorter infection time who developed cirrhosis, we detected decreased expression of KIR3DL1 in CD56dim NK cells in the presence of its ligand. Similarly, in the group of patients with late CHCV infections complicated with cirrhosis, we detected lower expression of the strong inhibitory receptor NKG2A in CD56bright NK cells. We also detected an increase in NKG2C expression in CD56dim NK cells in CHCV patients who displayed high necroinflammatory activity. Decreased KIR3DL2 expression in CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells was associated with a high body mass index, and KIR3DL2 expression may be one factor associated with the more rapid progression of CHCV to fibrosis in patients.

A horse-cloth for Uganda, or how an account by a transhumant veterinary connects histories, animal diseases and continents Podgorny, Irina The picture of a ‘pony in pajamas’ is used to construct the backstory of a deadly animal disease in three parts. First, by focusing on the figure of the ‘author’ of the cloth depicted in the picture, Scottish veterinarian Robert John Stordy, one can examine the repercussions of transhumant biographical itineraries. Second, a focus on regional epizootics helps alter scales defining the local versus the global. Third, the global circulation of mules and the medicines used to cure them illustrate displacement of objects and knowledge that shaped the understanding of sickness and its remedies. Thus, the remedies and horse-clothes used in Uganda not only speak of things and beings that linked distant geographies and contexts, they also mark the multiple hubs where these connections did occur, propelled in part by commercial interests, biographical itineraries and, of course, randomness.

A new high-altitude species of centipede from the Andes of Ecuador (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae) Pereira, Luis Alberto Pectiniunguis aequatorialis sp. nov. (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) is described and illustrated on the basis of specimens collected in the Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve in the High Andes of Ecuador. The new species is characterized by having ventral pore-fields on the anterior region of the trunk only, a trait that is shared by a single Neotropical congener: Pectiniunguis ascendens Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994 to which it is similar and is compared taxonomically. This is only the second report of a species of the genus Pectiniunguis Bollman, 1889 from mainland Ecuador. The other taxon is Pectiniunguis roigi Pereira, Foddai & Minelli, 2001, so far only known from the type locality, Limoncocha (Sucumbíos Province), and herein reported for the first time from Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo-Galeras (Napo Province).