Medida de la actividad antifouling de ésteres derivados del furfural y análogos de azufre con diferentes fenoles obtenidos a partir de derivados de biomasa Escobar Caicedo, Angélica María; Perez, Miriam Cristina; Sathicq, Angel Gabriel; García, Mónica; Paola, Analia Cristina; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; Blustein, Guillermo Cuando se buscan alternativas de menor impacto ambiental a las formulaciones actualmente empleadas de pinturas que contienen cobre para prevenir o controlar el asentamiento de micro y macroorganismos sobre estructuras emplazadas en distintos ambientes acuáticos, se dirige el foco de atención hacia productos naturales tanto de organismos marinos como de plantas terrestres, los cuales son fuentes ricas de compuestos bioactivos. Es así como estudios reportados previamente encontraron que muchos metabolitos secundarios generados por esponjas y otros organismos marinos, que presentan actividad antifouling, tienen en su estructura un resto de γ-hidroxibutenólida de anillos de furanos, lo que sugiere que su actividad está relacionada con este grupo [2]. De igual forma, fenoles como el timol son bien conocidos por tu actividad antimicrobiana, antimicótica y repelente, entre otras, lo que permite suponer que sea viable estudiar la actividad antifouling de compuestos que contengan este tipo de moléculas. Esto abrió una nueva línea de búsqueda de alternativas amigables con el medio ambiente y factibles de sintetizar en el laboratorio, como los derivados del furfural y análogos de azufre con diferentes fenoles.

El problema de la constitución de la carne y los Manuscritos C de Edmund Husserl: Reflexiones sobre la interpretación de Didier Franck Walton, Roberto Juan La interpretación del profesor Didier Franck sobre Husserl en relación con la carne y la constitución del tiempo se encuentra en su libro Chair et corps y en el artículo "La chair el te problème de la constitution temporelle". En primer lugar, expongo los aspectos centrales de la interpretación cuyo hilo conductor es "deshacer lo que Husserl se esfuerza por constituir". Luego analizo el modo en que estos temas son retomados por Husserl, y las principales modificaciones a las que están sujetos en los manuscritos tardíos, especialmente los manuscritos del grupo C. Por último examino una hipótesis central planteada: el origen desdoblado del tiempo.; The article considers in its first part the problems underlined by D. Franck regarding the role of the flesh in the constitution of time. It offers a presentation of his views on the constitution of bodilihood (Leiblichkeit) and corporeity (Körperlichkeit), the role of intersubjectivity, and the Husserlian characterization of the flow of time. The second part examines Husserl’s late manuscripts on the constitution of time in order to show a new way of considering these problems. The role of the flesh in constitution and its relationship with intersubjectivity and the flow of time are stressed. The third part is concerned with the “double origin” (Franck) of time. This duality is associated with Husserl’s twofold primality (Urtümlichkeit) according to which time can be referred back to the living and permanent present in which we are always placed and to a previous stage of time which emerges from a genesis in the past and is linked to flesh and intersubjectivity. It is argued that a twofold relationship of non-derivation and conditioning between consciousness and flesh (E. Ströker) can be associated with this approach.

Palynological analysis of the outer parts of camelid coprolites: implications for vegetation reconstruction Velázquez, Nadia Jimena; Burry, Lidia Susana; Mancini, Maria Virginia; Fugassa, Martín Horacio The aim of this study was to analyze pollen from the outer parts of camelid coprolites and contemporaneous sediments to evaluate the potential of coprolites for the reconstruction of the vegetation history of Patagonia during the Holocene. The pollen composition of camelid coprolites coming from archeological layers between 10,920 yrs. cal BP and 2823 yrs. cal BP found in the sites Cerro Casa de Piedra 5 and 7 (Perito Moreno National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina) were analyzed. Coprolites were divided into outer and inner subsamples. Outer subsample pollen extraction was performed through acetolysis and determination and counting under optical microscope. Morisita-Horn index and Wilcoxon test were performed to evaluate similarities between pollen spectra of outer subsamples of coprolites and contemporaneous sediments. The dominant pollen types were: Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae), Empetrum (Ericaceae), Asteraceae subf. Asteroideae, Nassauvia (Asteraceae subf. Mutisioideae), Poaceae and Caryophyllaceae. The similarities found between outer subsamples of coprolites and contemporaneous sediments reflected the dominant pollen types of the vegetation and forest development, whereas significant differences could be attributed to coprolite pollen spectra that may be biased by season of coprolite deposition, selectivity of the diet and/or higher temporal resolution. Also, the presence of pollen types in outer subsamples of coprolites absent in sediments could give information for paleoenvironmental reconstructions by enriching information of the past flora. This study demonstrates that coprolites can be a valuable tool for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in arid and semiarid areas where depositional environments that support pollen preservation are typically rare.

Sobre la incertidumbre educativa: Continuidades, discontinuidades, interrupciones y vacíos Skliar, Carlos Bernardo Este texto pone en consideración algunas ideas y percepciones, provisorias y precarias, acerca del acontecimiento educativo durante la pandemia, a partir de la reelaboración de una serie de conversaciones virtuales en el país y en la región, que retratan en un tono de incertidumbre el antes-durante-después de las formas, espacios y tiempos escolares.

Environmental Justice Wagner, Lucrecia Soledad Environmental Justice (EJ) is a concept that connects environmental problems with social justice. It was constituted within the struggles against the unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits between different social groups. This concept was born in the United States of America (USA) in the 1980s to denounce the practice and policy leading to some individuals, groups, and communities receiving less environmental protection than others because of their geographic location, race, and economic status. In such cases, risk burdens are localized to specific, often marginalized groups, yet the benefits are generalized across all segments of society (Bullard 1994).The concept was developed by an emerging movement opposing environmental injustices of different kinds: The actors who are involved in this movement argue that differences of race, economics status, as well as sex, age, gender and capabilities, among others, are the cause of unequal distribution of environmental impacts. Theory and practice of environmental justice necessarily includes distributive conceptions of justice, but also embraces notions of justice based in recognition, participation and capabilities (Bauler n.d.; Schlosberg 2007). The environmental injustice term describes the disproportionate imposition of environmental risks to populations who have less financial, political, and informational resources (Acselrad et al. 2009).Critical thought and action dedicated to studying these power relationships is key to understanding the management and appropriation of natural resources and their use by different social groups. The concept is not only an analytical tool, but a call to organize and reflect about a sustainable form of human-nature relations. Thus, the environmental justice movement attacks the lack of democracy regarding the prevention of environmental contamination. It claims to extend equal social participation in decision making processes. In conclusion, environmental justice also implicates justice regarding different aspects of the environment and beyond. As Giovanna Di Chiro says, it involves the protection of the place where we "live, work and play" (1998).

Senecio spp. transboundary introduction and expansion affecting cattle in Uruguay: Clinico-pathological, epidemiological and genetic survey, and experimental intoxication with Senecio oxyphyllus García, Juan Agustín; Rosas, Juan E.; García y Santos, Carmen; Streitenberger, Nicolás; Feijoo, Matías; Dutra, Fernando The genus Senecio is distributed worldwide, being responsible of poisoning in livestock and humans. Many species of Senecio have high invasion and expansion capacity, highly competitive with agricultural and native plant species, causing ecological damage. Particularly in Uruguay, poisoning by Senecio have grown exponentially to reach epidemic proportions. Herein we describe Seneciosis as a re-emerging and expanding epidemic disease affecting cattle, by describing clinico-pathological, epidemiological and genetic variation of species involved, as well as an experimental intoxication with Senecio oxyphyllus. For this, a study was carried out on 28 cattle farms in Eastern Uruguay, with history of seneciosis from 2010 to 2016. Plants of fifty populations of Senecio were sampled, in 2015 and 2016, for identification, analysis of alkaloids and study of genetic variation. In turn, post-mortem examination was performed in cattle of natural and an experimental case to confirm the intoxication, showing microscopic characteristic lesions (hepatomegalocytosis, diffuse fibrosis and ductal reaction). Four species of Senecio were identified: S. oxyphyllus, S. madagascariensis, S. selloi and S. brasiliensis. In the genetic study, 489 molecular markers of amplified sequence-related polymorphisms (SRAP), associated with species and pasture, were used for genetic variation analysis. There was no statistically significant association between genetic variation determined by molecular markers and population (specimens of same species collected from the same farm), botanically determined species, or geographical origin. The increase of seneciosis in cattle in the last years, the presence of species not identified to the moment with implication in the poisoning outbreaks and expansion of these plants shows that the disease is in an epidemic growing active stage. In turn, the experimental poisoning with S. oxyphyllus confirms its chronic hepatotoxic effect, being an emergent species for the region, of high distribution and toxic risk. This latter turned out the main Senecio species involved. This case of expansion of harmful plant for animal production and desirable plant species, can be useful as a model of ecopathological characterization, which is likely to occur with other toxic plants in different geographical ranges globally.

Mild Homogeneous Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles through the Epoxide Route: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Related One-Pot Composites Oestreicher, Víctor Santiago Jesús; Huck Iriart, Cristián; Soler Illia, Galo Juan de Avila Arturo; Angelome, Paula Cecilia; Jobbagy, Matias A new one-pot homogeneous methodology at room temperature to obtain Au nanoparticles (AuNP) on the basis of the epoxide route is presented. The proposed method takes advantage of the homogenous generation of OH− moieties driven by epoxide ring-opening, mediated by chloride nucleophilic attack. Once reached alkaline conditions, the reducing medium allows the quantitative formation of AuNP under well-defined kinetic control. A stabilizing agent, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), is required to maintain the AuNP stable. Meanwhile their presence dramatically affects the reduction kinetics and pathway, as demonstrated by the evolution of the UV/Vis spectra, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, and pH value along the reaction. In the presence of PVP nanogold spheroids are obtained following a similar reduction mechanism as that observed for control experiments in the absence of PVP. However, if CTAC is employed a stable complex with AuIII is formed, leading to a different reaction pathway and resulting in ellipsoidal-like shaped AuNP. Moreover, the proposed methodology allows stabilize the growing AuNP, by coupling their formation with nonalkoxidic sol–gel reactions, leading to nanocomposite gels with embedded metallic nanoparticles. The epoxide route thus offers a versatile scenario for the one-pot preparation of new metal nanoparticles–inorganic/hybrid matrices nanocomposites with valuable optical properties.

Due process and seclusion in Argentina: from words to facts Safranoff, Ana; Tiravassi, Antonella This study examines gender differences in the criminal justice processing of defendants in Argentina. The Argentinian charter of rights guarantees a number of criminal procedure rights for individuals accused of crimes. Using the results of a 2013 survey of inmates held in Argentinian federal prisons and prisons from the Buenos Aires Prison Service, gender differences in the processing of defendants was found. Women’s treatment may be the result of paternalism or a product of a double-sanction imposed on women who violate traditional gender roles.

The debate between Janet and Freud revisited: trauma and memory (1892-1895/1913-1914) Sanfelippo, Luis César; Dagfal, Alejandro Antonio The relationship between trauma and memory disorders is not an essential one; in fact, its origins can be traced back to the 1890s, to the works of Janet and Freud. In this article, we focus on two brief but fundamental periods in the works of both of these authors (1892-1895 and 1913-1914). Against most contemporary literature on the subject, we argue that Freud’s works gave much more importance than Janet’s to the relationship between trauma, memory, and pathology. Furthermore, we reconstruct two essential parts of their debate: the discussion about the relevance of hereditary and accidental factors and the one about the function of memory within the framework of treatment. As bibliographic sources, we use theoretical and clinical works—allowing for a better appreciation of the relationship between trauma and memory in both authors’ theories and practices.

La Teoría de los Sistemas Complejos y la Teoría de los Sistemas Sociales en las controversias de la complejidad; Complex Systems Theory and Social Systems Theory in the controversies of complexity Becerra, Gaston La irrupción de la complejidad en las décadas de 1970 y 1980 motivó un cierto diagnóstico de crisis de la ciencia y el conocimiento científico. Indagar el alcance de este diagnóstico es central para comprender el sentido que adquiere la complejidad en dos programas particulares: la Teoría de los Sistemas Complejos (TSC) de Rolando García, y la Teoría de los Sistemas Sociales (TSS) de Niklas Luhmann. Para aclarar este problema planteamos un contrapunto en torno a tres problemas particulares –el alcance de las explicaciones y las predicciones científicas, la interdisciplina, y el carácter social y transformador del conocimiento –, que atendemos junto a las características metateóricas y los supuestos epistemológicos de cada programa. Concluimos abogando por una interpretación de la TSC donde se observa una posición más moderada que la de la TSS en la controversia por la complejidad.; The irruption of complexity in the 1970’s and 1980’s motivated a certain diagnosis of crisis as regards science and scientific knowledge. Clarifying the scope of this diagnosis is key to understand the meaning acquired by “complexity” in two particular programs: the Theory of Complex Systems (TSC) by Rolando García, and the Theory of Social Systems (TSS) by Niklas Luhmann. To advance on this goal, we propose a counterpoint on 3 particular problems –the scope of explanations and scientific predictions, interdisciplinarity, and the social and transforming nature of knowledge– which we address with each program’s metatheoretical characteristics and epistemological assumptions. We conclude by advocating an interpretation of TSC in which a more moderate position is observed than that in TSS in the controversy of complexity.

La Ley Argentina de Estímulo Educativo (26.565/11) y la educación en contextos de encierro: un análisis desde la perspectiva de la planificación educativa; The Argentine Law of Educational Stimulus (26.565/11) and the correctional education: an analysis from the perspective of educational planning Perez, Camila En este artículo me propongo analizar desde la categoría de planificación educativa las modificaciones que introdujo la Ley 26.565/11 en relación a la educación en contextos de encierro en Argentina. Me interesa avanzar sobre el análisis del marco normativo vigente y sus recientes modificaciones para responder los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuál es la definición de planificación educativa que resulta más pertinente para analizar la Ley 26.565/11? (propongo analizar la evolución de este concepto). ¿Cuáles fueron los debates previos a la sanción de la ley?, ¿Quiénes fueron los actores sociales que impulsaron esta modificación legislativa? (aquí busco destacar los múltiples procesos de planificación y participación). ¿En qué consiste la modificación? ¿Cuáles fueron los principales debates que surgieron a partir de su sanción? (aquí busco destacar los procesos de planificación e investigación: en la formulación de la Ley 26.565/11, en su ejecución y en su evaluación posterior).; In this article I propose to analyze from the category of educational planning the modifications introduced by Law 26,565 / 11 in relation to education in confinement contexts in Argentina. In this paper I intend to advance on the analysis of the current normative framework and its recent modifications to answer the following questions: What is the definition of educational planning that is more relevant to analyze Law 26.565/11? (I propose to analyze the evolution of this concept). What were the debates prior to the enactment of the law? Who were the social actors that drove this legislative amendment? (here I want to highlight the multiple processes of planning and participation). What is this modification about? What were the main debates that arose from its sanction? (here I want to highlight the planning and research processes: in the formulation of Law 26.565/11, in its execution and in its subsequent evaluation).

La ex Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA): arquitectura y memoria; The former School of Mechanics of the Navy (ESMA): architecture and memory; L’ancienne École De Mécanique De La Marine (ESMA): architecture et mémoire; Na antiga Escola de Mecânicada Marinha (ESMA): arquitetura e memória Larralde Armas, Florencia El artículo estudia la reconversión del predio del ex Centro Clandestino de Detención de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada (ESMA) en sitio de memoria, a través del análisis del proceso de renovación urbana originado tras la puesta en marcha de distintas políticas de memoria, realizadas por la gestión conjunta entre organismos de derechos humanos y estamentos del Estado. En la intervención arquitectónica, se dan políticas de conservación y transformación material del predio que promueven diferentes formas de uso, apropiación, significación y memorialización. Nuestro estudio propone una perspectiva espacial del lugar, para lo cual realizamos un análisis de las condiciones urbanísticas y arquitectónicas en tanto cimientos de las políticas de memoria que allí se realizan.; This article studies the reconversion of the premises of the former clandestine detention center of the School of Mechanics of the Navy (ESMA) to a memory site through the analysis of the urban renewal process originated by the implementation of different memory policies carried out by the joint management of human rights organizations and different levels of the State. In it, there are conservation policies and material transformation of the property that promote different forms of use, appropriation, meaning and memorization. Our study proposes a spatial perspective of the study of the property, for that reason we carry out an analysis of the urbanistic and architectural conditions as foundations of the memory policies that are carried out there.; Este artigo estuda a reconversão do site do antigo centro de detenção clandestina da Escola de Mecânica da Marinha (ESMA) para um site de memória através da análise do processo de renovação urbana originada pela implementação de diferentes políticas de memória realizadas por a gestão conjunta de organizações de direitos humanos e diferentes níveis do Estado. Nela, existem políticas de conservação e transformação material da propriedade que promovem diferentes formas de uso, apropriação, significado e memorização. Nosso estudo propõe uma perspectiva espacial do estudo da propriedade, por isso realizamos uma análise das condições urbanísticas e arquitetônicas como fundamentos das políticas de memória que são realizadas lá.; Cet article étudie la conversion de l’ancien centre de détention clandestin de l’École de mécanique de la marine (ESMA) en un site de mémoire grâce à l’analyse du processus de rénovation urbaine provoqué par la mise en œuvre de différentes politiques de mémoire menées par la gestion conjointe des organisations de défense des droits de l’homme et des différents niveaux de l’État. Il contient des politiques de conservation et de transformation matérielle du bien qui favorisent différentes formes d’utilisation, d’appropriation, de signification et de mémorialisation. Notre étude propose une perspective spatiale de l’étude du bien, nous avons donc procédé à une analyse des conditions urbaines et architecturales en tant que fondements des politiques de mémoire qui y sont menées.

El vaciamiento que antecede la renovación: reflexiones a partir del proyecto del distrito gubernamental en el sur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; The hollowing out that precedes the urban renewal: reflections from the project of the civic center in the South of Buenos Aires city; O esvaziamento que antecede a renovação: reflexões a partir do projeto do distrito governamental no sul da cidade de Buenos Aires Gonzalez Redondo, Carolina María Este artículo reflexiona sobre el proceso de legitimación previo al despliegue de políticas de reno-vación urbana en el sur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Para ello, analiza el proceso de vaciamiento simbólico y material de un predio del barrio Barracas, en el que se proyectaba la construcción del distrito gubernamental, un desarrollo inmobiliario en el que se instalarían oficinas del gobierno local, junto con emprendimientos comerciales. En este sentido, este artículo dialoga con otros trabajos que estudian la producción de vacíos urbanos como parte de las dinámicas capitalistas de producción de ciudad, analizando especialmente cómo este se produce discursivamente y cómo la noción de renovación urbana emerge como su par asociado, su respuesta necesaria e indiscutible.; This article reflects the process of legitimization prior to the deployment of urban renewal poli-cies in the south of Buenos Aires. It analyzes the process of symbolic and material hollowing out of a property in the neighborhood of Barracas, in which authorities planned the construction of the civic center. In this sense, this paper dialogues with other works that study the production of urban vacuum as part of the capitalist dynamics of city production. It especially analyses how discourse produces it and how the notion of urban renewal emerges as its associated pair, as its necessary and indisputable answer.; Este artigo reflete sobre o processo de legitimação prévio à implementação de políticas de reno-vação urbana no sul da cidade de Buenos Aires. Para isto analisa o processo de esvaziamento simbólico e material de um prédio do bairro de Barracas, no qual se instalariam escritórios do governo local, junto com empreendimentos comerciais. Neste sentido, este artigo dialoga com outros trabalhos que estudam a produção de vazios urbanos como parte das dinâmicas capita-listas de produção de cidade, analisando especialmente como se produz discursivamente um vazio urbano e como a noção de renovação urbana emerge como seu par associado, como sua resposta necessária e indiscutível.

Desnudar la razón evaluadora: elementos para un combate filosófico-educativo; Denude the evaluative reason: elements for a philosophical-educational combat Giuliano, Facundo Estas páginas esbozan algunas claves de investigación que buscan trazar un horizonte interpretativo a propósito de una crítica de la razón evaluadora y sus implicancias ético-políticas en educación. De aquí la necesidad de analizar las relaciones de dicho tipo de racionalidad con la alteridad, preguntándonos por sus lugares y efectos en los procesos educativos. Por ello se propone una primera definición de esta racionalidad, para luego caracterizarla y profundizarla críticamente, lo cual permitirá identificar distintas formas de plantearse el problema de la evaluación (del otro) —históricamente abordado desde miradas ajenas al campo de la filosofía de la educación y de la ética como ramas de la filosofía práctica—. Nuestro planteo pone en cuestión las retóricas técnicas, psico-didácticas o sociológico-pedagógicas, que hace siglos se preguntan cuál sería la mejor forma de evaluar o directamente coadyuvan a naturalizar la razón evaluadora. Finalmente, intentamos pensar gestos micro-políticos de una potencial educación no-evaluadora y, por tanto, no-fascista.; These pages outline some research keys that seek to draw an interpretive horizon in relation to a critique of evaluative reason and its ethical-political implications in education. Hence the need to analyze the relationships of this type of rationality with otherness, asking us about their places and effects on educational processes. Therefore, a first definition of this rationality is proposed, in order to then characterize and deepen it critically, which will allow us to identify different ways of approaching the evaluation problem (of the other) —historically approached from views alien to the field of philosophy of education and of ethics as branches of practical philosophy. Our proposal calls into question the technical, psycho-didactic or sociological-pedagogical rhetoric’s, which for centuries has been asking what would be the best way to evaluate or directly helped to naturalize the evaluating reason. Finally, we try to think of micro-political gestures of a potential non-evaluative education and, therefore, non-fascist.

Economía social y solidaria, trabajo y "don de sí mismo": análisis de casos; Social and solidary economy, work and “gift of self”: case analysis; Economia social e solidária, trabalho e “dom de si”: análise de caso Presta, Susana Rita Introducción: Desde los años noventa hasta el presente, las sucesivas crisis han propiciado la construcción de formas de organización socioeconómicas ancladas en la economía social y solidaria. No obstante, dichas prácticas de resistencia han sido colonizadas por distintos sectores en relación a la racionalidad de gobierno neoliberal. Metodología: Nos centramos en nuestro trabajo de campo (2011-2016) realizado en dos cadenas de valor textil artesanal, ubicadas en Córdoba y Entre Ríos (Argentina). A partir de un enfoque relacional, analizamos múltiples dimensiones para comprender las formas de construcción de poder y sujetos. Resultados: En el marco de la construcción del dispositivo de la economía social y solidaria, la colonización de los afectos y el gobierno de lo posible han sido dos tecnologías de gobierno de los sujetos articuladas con el fin de obturar o gestionar el conflicto social. Se produce una transferencia de los costos de reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo ya sean hacia cada unidad productiva o individuo. Esto se produce al prescindir de la forma-salario, al mismo tiempo que, los procesos de trabajo y las mercancías producidas se mantienen orientados al mercado. Conclusiones: Es posible plantear formas “indirectas” de plusvalía, donde el “don de sí mismo” y el “tiempo de espera” constituyen una dimensión central en las formas de subordinación de los procesos de trabajo al mercado.; Introduction: From the 90s to the present, successive crises have led to the construction of socio-economic forms of organization anchored in the social and solidary economy. However, these practices of resistance have been colonized by different sectors in relation to the rationality of neoliberal government. Methodology: We focus on our fieldwork (2011-2016) carried out in two artisanal textile value chains, located in Córdoba and Entre Ríos (Argentina). From a relational approach, we analyze multiple dimensions to understand the forms of power construction and subjects. Results: Within the framework of the construction of the social and solidary economy device, the colonization of the affections and the government of the possible have been two technologies of government of subjects articulated with the purpose of managing the social conflict. There is a transfer of the costs of reproduction of the labor force either towards each productive unit or individual. This occurs when the salary-form is dispensed with, at the same time that the work processes and the goods produced remain market-oriented. Conclusions: It is possible to propose “indirect” forms of surplus value, where the “gift of self” and the “waiting time” constitute a central dimension in the forms of subordination of work processes to the market.

Las habilidades digitales docentes en su laberinto: representaciones en torno al Programa Conectar Igualdad Benitez Larghi, Hector Sebastian En este capítulo nos proponemos explorar esta línea entendiendo que para poder responder aquel interrogante es necesario - aunque no suficiente - comprender las representaciones que las y los docentes tienen respecto a las habilidades digitales. Para ello, partimos del supuesto que estas representaciones no pueden entenderse únicamente como la percepción aislada de ciertas capacidades sino a partir de la valoración de un conjunto de disposiciones que siempre son "leídas" en relación con la valoración que se hace de las disposiciones de otros actores socialmente significativos. Asimismo, estas representaciones se construyen siempre en función de las relaciones sociales materializadas en un contexto social, histórico y cotidiano concreto. De este modo, se analizarán las representaciones circulantes entre las y los docentes sobre sus propias habilidades, las de sus colegas y las de sus estudiantes además de analizar cómo ponderan las habilidades digitales a la hora de llevar adelante sus tareas pedagógicas. Es decir, no nos proponemos medir la cantidad y tipo de habilidades demostradas por las y los docentes sino indagarlas en su laberinto de sentido, es decir, según cómo estos actores perciben y se representan esas competencias.

Mariátegui y el marxismo del Tercer Mundo: Notas sobre una colocación reciente Starcenbaum, Marcelo Trabajo dedicado a analizar las relaciones entre Mariátegui y el llamado "marxismo del Tercer mundo" en la intersección de las tradiciones marxista y poscolonial.

Biotransformation of grape pomace from Vitis labrusca by Peniophora albobadia LPSC # 285 (Basidiomycota) Troncozo, María Inés; Fígoli, Cecilia Beatríz; Franco, Mario Emilio Ernesto; Mirifico, Maria Virginia; Bosch, Alejandra; Rajchenberg, Mario; Balatti, Pedro Alberto; Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno Grape pomace from Vitis labrusca is an important sub-product of the “American table wine” industry. It is recalcitrant to degradation, and its accumulation is a serious problem with negative environmental impacts. We analyzed the ability of five white-rot fungi to transform this residue in-vitro. Mass loss and phenol removal in grape pomace treated with each fungus were compared after 30-day solid-state fermentation. Since Peniophora albobadia isolate LPSC 285 was the fungus that showed the highest degradative ability and the lowest free phenol levels in the residue transformed, we selected this fungus to monitor its effect on this residue after 30, 60, and 90 days of incubation. We analyzed mass loss of the residue caused by the fungus activity and its chemical changes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After 90 days of incubation, Peniophora albobadia isolate LPSC 285 reduced grape pomace mass by 20.48%, which was associated with degradation of polysaccharides and aromatic structures. We concluded that Peniophora albobadia LPSC # 285 isolate is a promising fungus to transform grape pomace from Vitis labrusca under solid-state fermentation conditions.

Genesis, properties and management of salt-affected soils in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina Imbellone, Perla Amanda; Taboada, Miguel Angel; Damiano, Francisco; Lavado, Raul Silvio The Flooding Pampa is a plain, covering around 90,000 km2 composed of eolian and alluvial deposits. It is characterized by its geomorphology, with low (0.1–0.01%) slopes and elevations, including the coastal flat. A significant fraction of the region has permanent or temporary lagoons, generally connected with the underground water. Two kinds of water excesses are distinguished: (i) waterlogging of low duration and intensity and (ii) floods, intense and prolonged. Most soils have developed from loessial and loessoid sediments. They are composed mainly of a pyroclastic volcanic association, with a variable proportion of plagioclases, quartz, volcanic glass, lithoclasts and heavy minerals. However, the soils of the East sector of the region were generated by the influence of the sediments from the Rio de la Plata. They show a higher proportion of kaolinitic, smectites and interstratified expansible clays, than other soils of the region. Most salt-affected soils of the region belong to the US Soil Taxonomy Orders of Mollisols, Alfisols, Entisols and Vertisols. Their limitations are not easy to reverse technically and from the economic and ecological point of view. Conversely, it is reasonable to introduce management and reclamation technologies adapted to those limiting conditions.

Abordajes latinoamericanos de la crisis del marxismo: La revista mexicana Cuadernos Políticos (1974-1989) Bayle, Mariana Este capítulo ofrece un abordaje posible sobre los modos en que se definió y se debatió la crisis del marxismo en América Latina a partir de las intervenciones de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Bolívar Echeverría y Ruy Mauro Marini en la emblemática revista Cuadernos Políticos. Nacidos en España, Ecuador y Brasil, respectivamente, estos autores participaron activamente de un debate que se desplegó en el vasto universo revisteril mexicano de los años setenta. Fundada en 1974 y clausurada en 1990, Cuadernos Políticos fue un espacio relevante para la significación de la crisis. Además, el texto plantea la necesidad de una definición amplia de la crisis del marxismo que la contemple desde su sustrato común: el desacople entre teoría y práctica, y que la sitúe dentro de los debates teórico-políticos de las izquierdas latinoamericanas del periodo. Para ello, México se nos presenta como un espacio privilegiado de observación