Lepra, muerte civil y exclusión de la comunidad en la Edad Media; Leprosy, civil death and exclusion from the community in Middle Ages Morin, Alejandro Juan En este trabajo se plantea y critica la asimilación entre lepra y muerte civil que la historiografía suele asumir como dato del panorama jurídico bajomedieval. Se aborda así la compleja relación entre formas de exclusión de la comunidad y las ficciones del derecho, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de este tipo de operaciones jurídicas en la Baja Edad Media así como también la alta ambigüedad que caracteriza el tratamiento de los leprosos en este período.; This paper raises and criticizes the assimilation between leprosy and civil death that historiog raphy usually assumes as a datum of late medieval juridical horizon. The complex relationship between forms of exclusion of the community and the fictions of law is addressed, taking into account the limitations of this type of juridical operations in the late Middle Ages as well as the high ambiguity that characterizes the treatment of lepers in this period.

Pueblos indígenas, derechos lingüísticos y acceso a la justicia. El proyecto de formación de Jóvenes Intérpretes Bilingües Interculturales del Consejo Wichí Lhämtes (Salta, Argentina); Povos indígenas, direitos linguísticos e acesso à justiça: O Projeto de formação de Jovens Intérpretes Bilíngues Interculturais do Conselho Wichí Lhämtes (Salta, Argentina ); Indigenous peoples, linguistic rights and access to justice: The Intercultural Bilingual Interpreters Project of the Wichí Lhämtes Council (Salta, Argentina) Buliubasich, Emiliana Catalina; Ossola, María Macarena; Rodriguez, Hector Eduardo Este artículo centra su interés en los derechos lingüísticos y de acceso a la justicia para los pueblos indígenas. El objetivo es presentar el Proyecto de Formación de Jóvenes Intérpretes Bilingües Interculturales en Lenguas Wichí y Español, diseñado y promovido por el Consejo Wichí Lhämtes (Consejo de la Lengua Wichí). El proyecto tiene el objetivo de formar jóvenes que actúen en todos los ámbitos de la justicia y operen como defensores de los derechos de su pueblo. El artículo surge de nuestro acompañamiento al Consejo Wichí Lhämtes a través de proyectos de investigación-acción, en el marco del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Salta). En las conclusiones destacamos la importancia de la iniciativa para la promoción de la interculturalidad en el sistema de justicia provincial, y para la generación de una actitud crítica entre los jóvenes indígenas.; Este artigo enfoca nos direitos linguísticos e no acesso à justiça para os povos indígenas. O objetivo é apresentar o Projeto de Formação de Jovens Intérpretes Bilingües Interculturais nas Línguas Wichí e Espanhola, elaborado e promovido pelo Conselho Wichí Lhämtes (Conselho da Língua Wichí). O projeto visa formar jovens que representem ao povo Wichí em todas as áreas da justiça, como defensores dos direitos de seu povo. Oartigo deriva do nosso apoio ao Conselho Wichí Lhämtes através de projetos de pesquisa-ação, no âmbito do Instituto de Pesquisa de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (CONICET -Universidade Nacional de Salta). Nas conclusões destacamos a importância da iniciativapara a promoção da interculturalidade no sistema de justiça provincial e para a geração de uma atitude crítica entre os jovens indígenas.; This article focuses on linguistic rights and access to justice for indigenous peoples. The aim is to present the Training Project for Young Intercultural Bilingual Interpreters in Wichí and Spanish Languages, designed and promoted by the Wichí Lhämtes Council (Council of the Wichí Language). The project aims to train young people who act in all areas of justice and operate as defenders of the rights of their people. The article comes from our support to the Wichí Lhämtes Council through action research projects, within the framework of the Research Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities (CONICET -National University of Salta). In the conclusions, we highlight the importance of the initiative for the promotion of interculturality in the provincial justice system, and for the generation of a critical attitude among the indigenous youth.

Physiognomic changes in response to herbivory increase carbon allocation to roots in a temperate grassland of central Argentina Sarquis, Agustín; Pestoni, Sofía; Cingolani, Ana María; Pérez Harguindeguy, Natalia In most temperate grasslands, cattle grazing can promote physiognomic changes on plant communities, as well as changes in species growth patterns. Through these changes in vegetation, cattle grazing can generate changes in allocation to total, fine and coarse root biomass, which can further affect ecosystem processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate differences in root biomass, in the proportions of fine and coarse root biomass and in root C:N ratio across physiognomies from 0 to 30 cm. We selected plots of grazing lawns (associated to relatively high stocking rates), and plots of thin and thick tussock grasslands (associated to relatively low stocking rates) within the Pampa de Achala system in central Argentina. We found that total, coarse, and fine root biomass were highest in grazing lawns, intermediate in thin tussock grasslands, and lowest in thick tussock grasslands. Thick tussock grasslands showed the highest relative proportion of fine roots while root C:N ratio did not vary among physiognomies. Higher root biomass in lawns was probably caused by the dominance of species that allocate more biomass to roots than to shoots, as well as by the complementarity of soil resource extraction and by compensatory root growth in response to herbivory. In addition, and contrary to what was expected based on their above-ground attributes, thick tussock grasslands presented higher proportion of fine roots, which suggests a more acquisitive resource use strategy. However, root C:N from thick tussock grasslands did not differ from other physiognomies which might indicate there are not clear differences in below-ground resource use strategies. Our results show that grassland root biomass in this study system can increase in patches associated to higher cattle grazing due to changes in plant composition and physiognomy, while changes in root quality seem to be uncoupled from the above-ground traits.

Ethnozoology in the mountains. What does the cognitive salience of wild animals tell us? Wajner, Matias; Tamburini, Daniela Maria; Zamudio, Fernando In recent times, ethnobiology has revived interest in cognitive aspects of humans' communities. A concept commonly used in this area is cognitive salience. In this paper we assess the wild animal salience meaning for the rural people from an area of the mountain range of the Cordoba province (Argentina). We also analyzed the relationship of cultural and ecological factors over wild animal domain salience. The values of cognitive salience, perception and cultural value were obtained by means of free lists to 16 collaborators, while semistructured interviews were used to inquire about local ecological knowledge and ease of observation about wild animals. The interdependence between the five variables elaborated was analyzed through a Principal Components Regression. The results show a qualitative relationship between Cognitive Salience and Cultural Value and a significant correlation between Cognitive Salience and Local Ecological Knowledge. Ease of Observation did not correlate with Cognitive Salience, but show a significant relationship with the Perceived Abundance. The results suggest a complex network of factors that are modeling the cognitive salience and local perceptions over wild animals. In our findings, highlight the Cultural Value given to harmful animals which reflects an increasing pattern in the region, the conflict between rural people and wild animals. In turn a mutual influences and causal feedback loops between cognitive salience and an ecological factor, the Perceived abundance, is proposed. Investigations over cognition and about how people perceived nature can give us an idea of how they act in it, a compelling factor when it comes to cultural and biological conservation issues.

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults in Argentina using Beers criteria and the IFAsPIAM List Chiapella, Luciana Carla; Montemarani Menna, Jorgelina; Marzi, Marta Mónica; Mamprin, María Eugenia Background: Medications in which the risk of adverse events exceeds the expectations of clinical benefits are called potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). To identify the use of PIMs in elderly patients, the most commonly used tool is the Beers criteria, defined for the population of the United States. Recently, a consensus panel of Argentine experts developed the first Latin American tool, called the IFAsPIAM List. Objective: The present study aimed to identify PIM prescriptions in elderly outpatients, to estimate the prevalence of PIMs, and to evaluate their possible relation with polymedication and gender and age of the patients. Also, we aimed to compare the results obtained by using the Beers criteria and the IFAsPIAM List. Setting: Ten community pharmacies of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between February and September 2015. Data were acquired from 56952 prescriptions prescribed to 2231 patients aged 65 years old or older. To detect the use of PIMs, we used two tools: the Beers criteria and the IFAsPIAM List. Main outcome measure: The prevalence of PIM use according to the Beers criteria and the IFAsPIAM List. Results: The monthly average of medications dispensed per patient was 4.35±2.18 and 42.27% of the patients presented major polymedication. The prevalence of PIMs was 72.75% according to the Beers criteria and 71.13% according to the IFAsPIAM List (Kappa coefficient k=0.72), and was significantly higher in patients with major polymedication, older than 75 years old, and females. The most frequent PIMs prescribed were anxiolytics, analgesics and antipsychotics. Conclusions: The IFAsPIAM List is an effective tool to evaluate the prescription of PIMs in the elderly. The results showed a high prevalence of PIMs with a multicausal origin and directly associated with polymedication. As clarified by the authors of the IFAsPIAM List, the criteria specified in the list do not substitute the clinical evaluation of each patient.

Taller Abra del Toro: un lugar dentro de los recorridos de cazadores en el Valle de Yocavil; Abra del Toro workshop: a place within the hunter trails in the Yocavil Valley Carbonelli, Juan Pablo; Peisker, Verónica; Manuale, Silvia Elvira Resumen En este trabajo analizamos tecno-morfológicamente los artefactos formatizados registrados en el taller Abra del Toro, valle de Yocavil, Catamarca. Destacamos que sobresalen en el conjunto artefactual una frecuencia alta de bifaces que fueron modificados y utilizados como soportes de puntas de proyectil. El análisis sobre el diseño de las mismas permitió identificar la presencia de tipos morfológicos reconocibles desde el Holoceno Temprano. Por medio de nuestros resultados sostenemos que el taller Abra del Toro se constituyó en un nodo donde los cazadores recolectores participaron durante milenios en su formación, construyendo un sector del paisaje donde producir y descartar sus herramientas. A escala regional, este trabajo es un aporte a la comprensión sobre las formas de habitar el paisaje por parte de las primeras ocupaciones prehistóricas en el valle de Yocavil. Mientras que en la escala artefactual y de sitio nos permite conocer los procesos de producción y las decisiones de los talladores en la manufactura de artefactos líticos; In this paper, we analyze techno-morphologically the formatted artifacts registered in the Abra del Toro workshop, Yocavil valley, Catamarca. We emphasize that a high frequency of bifaces that were modified and used as projectile point supports stand out in the artefactual set. Analysis about their design allow us to identify the presence of morphological types recognizable since the Early Holocene. Through our results, we argue that Abra del Toro workshop became a node where hunters-gatherers participated since millennia in their training, building a sector of the landscape where they produce and discard their tools. At a regional scale, this paper is an imput for the comprehension about the ways of inhabiting the landscape by the first prehistoric occupations in the Yocavil valley. While at an artefactual and site scale allows us to know the production processes and the decisions of the artisans in the manufacture of lithic artifacts

Solubility of three natural compounds with insecticidal activity in supercritical carbon dioxide: Experimental measurements and predictive modeling with the GC-EoS Mazzei, Hernán; Ortega, Leonardo; Andreatta, Alfonsina Ester; Gañan, Nicolas Alberto In this work, the solubility of thymoquinone, R-(+)-pulegone and 1-octen-3-ol in supercritical CO 2 is determined in a range of conditions typical of supercritical fluid processes such as extraction, fractionation and impregnation. These compounds were selected based in their insecticidal activity which may enable to apply them as biopesticides. Solubility was measured using a semicontinuos method in the temperature range of 45?65 °C and pressure of 8?12 MPa, at a CO 2 flowrate of 0.05?0.10 g/min, which was verified to be low enough to ensure saturation. Solubilities were predicted using the Group Contribution Equation of State (GC-EoS) and compared to the experimental results, with a good agreement. Consistency of the data was tested using the density-based Chrastil equation.

Filipinas en la agenda argentina hacia este de Asia: Desafíos y oportunidades para la diversificación intraasiática (2008-2017); The Philippines in Argentina' s agenda towards East Asia: Chanllenges and opportunities for intra-Asian diversification(2008-2017) Rubiolo, María Florencia; Aguirre, Franco Luciano Filipinas se erige en el extremo oriente como uno de los recientes socios no tradicionales de la Argentina, tanto en la dimensión comercial como política. En este trabajo nuestro objetivo es analizar la política exterior y las relaciones comerciales de Argentina con Filipinas entre 2008 y la actualidad. Como objetivos específicos procuraremos: 1) Identificar y analizar las acciones implementadas por Argentina desde la dimensión política y estratégica, 2) Distinguir las iniciativas de naturaleza científico-académica, con la participación de actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, en el período mencionado, y 3) Describir y analizar el flujo de los intercambios comerciales en términos de montos y composición.Dado que Filipinas se encuentra aún en un espacio no prioritario de la agenda externa argentina, buscaremos entender cómo se inscriben estas acciones de acercamiento en una política de diversificación por impulsos, antes que en una clara estrategia de acercamiento político y económico premeditada. Concluiremos que el espacio de Filipinas en la inserción externa de Argentina es aún periférico, a pesar de formar parte de la región del Este de Asia, un área neurálgica en la agenda comercial y política del país.

La Industrialización por Sustitución de Importaciones (ISI): Usos y sentidos de una expresión polisémica; Import substitution industrialization (ISI): Uses and senses of a polysemic expression Reche, Federico Hernán Frente a la pregunta ¿qué es la ISI? la diversidad de respuestas posibles no refleja sólo disensos historiográficos o de la teoría económica. La expresión industrialización por sustitución de importaciones - ISI - posee un marcado carácter polisémico que ha sido descuidado por las investigaciones sociales; y que, no advertido correctamente, puede haber obstaculizado y confundido discusiones relevantes en el campo de la historia económica argentina. En este artículo se presenta, a partir de una revisión de la literatura, la multiplicidad de usos y sentidos con que es utilizada en la historiografía argentina la expresión Industrialización por sustitución de importaciones. De acuerdo con nuestro argumento principal esta puede referir, en efecto, a tres fenómenos diferentes: una práctica económica, un período histórico y una estrategia de desarrollo.

Bagasse-A major agro-industrial residue as potential resource for nanocellulose inks for 3D printing of wound dressing devices Chinga Carrasco, Gary; Ehman, Nanci Vanesa; Filgueira, Daniel; Johansson, Jenny; Vallejos, María Evangelina; Felissia, Fernando Esteban; Håkansson, Joakim; Area, Maria Cristina Sugarcane bagasse, an abundant residue, is usually burned as an energy source. However, provided that appropriate and sustainable pulping and fractionation processes are applied, bagasse can be utilized as a main source of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). We explored in this study the production of CNF inks for 3D printing by direct-ink-writing technology. The CNF were tested against L929 fibroblasts cell line and we confirmed that the CNF from soda bagasse fibers were found not to have a cytotoxic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that the alginate and Ca 2+ caused significant dimensional changes to the 3D printed constructs. The CNF-alginate grids exhibited a lateral expansion after printing and then shrank due to the cross-linking with the Ca 2+ . The release of Ca 2+ from the CNF and CNF-alginate constructs was quantified thus providing more insight about the CNF as carrier for Ca 2+ . This, combined with 3D printing, offers potential for personalized wound dressing devices, i.e. tailor-made constructs that can be adapted to a specific shape, depending on the characteristics of the wound healing treatment.

Solidaridad y huelga obrera. la sentencia sobre Sacco y Vanzetti y su repercusión en el movimiento obrero de Bahía Blanca (1927); Solidarity and workers strike. The sentence on Sacco and Vanzetti and its repercussion in the workers movement of Bahía Blanca (1927) Becher, Pablo Ariel; Martín, Lucio Emmanuel Dentro de los recursos semióticos disponibles en los sistemas de mensajería instantánea, los emojis son especialmente apreciados por los usuarios gracias al variado repertorio que ofrecen y a su capacidad para dinamizar la interacción. Ante el crecimiento de su uso, nos planteamos la necesidad de disponer de una técnica metodológica que permita no solo identificar los emojis más frecuentes (es decir, los que tengan un uso más extendido en una comunidad de habla), sino también sus principales funciones e interpretaciones más usuales. Por ello, en este trabajo presentamos, por un lado, una metodología que hace posible recuperar los emojis utilizados con mayor frecuencia por parte de un grupo de usuarios de WhatsApp y, por otro, un modelo de exploración e interpretación de estos primeros datos obtenidos. Nuestro diseño metodológico se aplica a la recogida de una muestra comparativa de dos variedades del español: español de España y español de Argentina.; Within the semiotic resources available in instant messaging systems, emojis are especially appreciated by users due to the varied repertoire that offer as for its ability to dynamize the interaction. With the growth of its use, we consider the need for a methodology technique that allows not only to identify the most frequent emojis (i.e., those who have a more extended use in a speech community), but also its main functions and common interpretations. Therefore, in this work, we present, on the one hand, a methodology that makes it possible to recover the emojis used most frequently by a group of WhatsApp users and, on the other, an exploration and interpretation of these first data obtained. We applied our methodological design for the collection of a comparative sample of two Spanish varieties: Spanish of Spain and Spanish of Argentina.

In vitro effects of progesterone and the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate on vascular remodeling Cutini, Pablo Hernan; Massheimer, Virginia Laura In this work we tested the hypothesis whether progesterone (Pg)or the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) could beinvolved in the regulation of events involved in vascular remodeling.Results revealed an enhancement in the capillary-like tubes formationinduced by both progestogens. Unlike MPA, Pg acts through VEGF, nitricoxide, PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. However, the MPA effectdepends on platelet activation. Under stress conditions, theproangiogenic action of Pg and MPA was sustained. The progestogensexhibit the ability to prevent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)osteogenic transdifferentiation. Besides this antiosteogenic action, onbone cells the progestogens induced osteoblast maturation andmineralization. The mechanism of action of both steroids on vascular andbone cells involves the participation of progesterone receptor. The datapresented in this work provide evidence that the progestogens reduceosteogenic-like transdifferentiation of VSMC and promote angiogenesiswith a slight different mechanism of action elicited by each steroid.

Method for phenol recovery from “alperujo”: numerical optimization and predictive model Soberon, Laura Fabiana; Carelli Albarracin, Amalia Antonia; Gonzalez, Maria Teresa; Ceci, Liliana Noemí “Alperujos” of Arbequina olives harvested in 2010 and 2011 and of Nevadillo olives in 2012 were evaluated in order to reduce their pollutant load by recovering the phenols with antioxidant properties. First, three successive extractions with water (4 °C, 120 min) were carried out to evaluate by spectrophotometry the total phenol contents, which significantly varied with cultivar and harvest year. The combined aqueous extracts of “alperujo” (combined-AEA) showed high pollutant loads with volatile solids to total solids ratios close to 1 suggesting high organic material contents and very low total phenols to chemical oxygen demand ratios. Second, phenols were recovered from the combined-AEA using ethyl acetate. By experimental design, the following conditions were found to maximize phenol recovery: temperature = 20 °C, time = 120 min, pH of aqueous extract = 2.00 and solvent/extract ratio (v/v) = 3:1. Up to 41.6% of the phenols were recovered from the combined-AEA after three successive extractions using recycled solvent.

Green Peas in X-Rays Svoboda, Jiri; Douna, Vanesa Mariel; Orlitová, Ivana; Ehle, Matthias Green Peas represent a population of compact, highly star-forming dwarf galaxies at redshifts z ∼ 0.2-0.3 that have recently been found to show signatures of ultraviolet ionizing radiation leakage. They are being considered as analogs to high-redshift star-forming galaxies, possibly responsible for cosmic reionization. Despite intensive studies of Green Peas in the ultraviolet and optical domains, their X-ray properties have only so far been probed by nearby analogs. In this paper, we present the first measurements of Green Peas in the X-ray domain to constrain their spectral properties and fluxes at high energies. We analyzed XMM-Newton observations of three Green Pea sources. For two of them, we found an X-ray luminosity exceeding by a half-order of magnitude its predicted value, derived from the star formation rate and metallicity. Only an upper limit of the X-ray luminosity was derived for the third studied galaxy. Our results indicate that at least some Green Peas produce copious amounts of highly energetic photons, larger than detected in other star-forming galaxies. We discuss possible physical scenarios for the measured X-ray excess, including the presence of a hidden active galactic nucleus, a larger population of X-ray binaries, or ultra-luminous X-ray sources. Future spatially resolved X-ray images will discriminate between the models. Larger Green Pea samples will provide a possible link between the X-ray properties and the leaking ultraviolet radiation.

Holographic interference in atomic photoionization from a semiclassical standpoint López, Sebastián David; Arbo, Diego A theoretical study of the interference pattern imprinted on the doubly differential momentum distribution of the photoelectron due to atomic ionization induced by a short laser pulse is developed from a semiclassical standpoint. We use the semiclassical two-step model of Shvetsov-Shilovski et al. [Phys. Rev. A 94, 013415 (2016)2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.94.013415] to elucidate the nature of the holographic structure. Three different types of trajectories are characterized during the ionization process by a single-cycle pulse with three different types of interferences. We show that the holographic interference arises from the ionization yield only during the first half cycle of the pulse, whereas the coherent superposition of electron trajectories during the first half cycle and the second half cycle gives rise to two other kinds of intracycle interference. Although the picture of interference of a reference beam and a signal beam is adequate, we show that our results for the formation of the holographic pattern agree with the glory rescattering theory of Xia et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 143201 (2018)10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.143201]. We probe the two-step semiclassical model by comparing it to the numerical results of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.

Prosopis alba seed flour improves vascular function in a rabbit model of high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome Cattaneo, Florencia; Roco, Julieta; Alarcón, Gabriela del Jesús; Isla, Maria Ines; Jerez, Susana Josefina Aims: Prosopis alba flour is a natural source of nutrient and phytochemicals with potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with Prosopis alba seed flour (Pr-Feed) on a high fat diet (FD)-induced rabbit model of metabolic syndrome. Main methods: Rabbits were separated in four groups: fed regular diet (CD); CD supplemented with Pr-Feed; fed on 18 % FD; FD supplemented with Pr-Feed. All diets were administrated for 6 weeks. After the feeding period body weights, mean blood pressure, heart rate and visceral abdominal fat (VAF) were determined; glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed; total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, bilirubin and creatinine were measured in serum. Abdominal aorta was excised and vascular function was assessed by acetylcholine relaxation and contractile response to KCl, norepinephrine and angiotensin II. Key findings: Phytochemical analyses showed that the main compounds of Pr-Feed were apigenin C-glycosides. FD increased VAF, FG, TG, reduced HDL-cholesterol and induced abnormal GTT. Pr-Feed addition to FD did not modify these alterations. Aortic rings from rabbits fed on FD exhibited an impaired relaxation-response to acetylcholine and increased agonist vasoconstrictor responses. Pr Feed-supplemented FD improved the response to acetylcholine, and prevented the increase of the contractile response to KCl, norepinephrine and angiotensin II. Significance: Results suggest that dietary supplementation with Pr-Feed, rich in apigenin C-glycosides, has vascular protector properties and could be used to prevent vascular alterations characterizing the metabolic syndrome.

Microbial mat contribution to the formation of an evaporitic environment in a temperate-latitude ecosystem Perillo, Vanesa Liliana; Maisano, Lucia; Martinez, Ana María; Quijada, Isabel Emma; Cuadrado, Diana Graciela An evaporitic environment is characterized by having high salinity, climatic, and hydrological factors that promote a negative water balance; however, biological factors may also influence their development. Modern coastal flat Paso Seco (40°33′S; 62°14′W) is located in a semi-arid region with low precipitation and dry winds coming mainly from the NW. The site is an old tidal channel, which nowadays behaves like a shallow coastal saline-like basin, separated from the sea by a sand barrier, which the sea periodically overcomes, flooding the flat with eventual water evaporation. Microbial mats of up to 1 cm thick colonize the sandy sediments of this evaporitic environment. Water samples were taken during five field trips (2017–2018) from interstitial water of the flat, a tidal creek that crosses the flat, and two shallow tidal depressions (TDs) within the flat with different degrees of evaporation. In comparison to the sea, the maximum salinity values measured in Austral spring (September 2017) in the tidal creek were doubled, tripled in interstitial water, and 5.9 to 8 times higher in TDs. Ionic concentration denotes that evaporite chemical divides are followed as water evaporates, corresponding to the presence of CaCO3, gypsum and halite found in TDs. On-site permeability of microbial mat-covered surfaces presented semi-pervious properties. Microbial mat presence is condition for CaCO3, gypsum, and halite precipitation as they allow for water retention and its consequent evaporation due to the impermeability they confer to the sedimentary surface. Thus, microbial mats are a biological factor affecting the development of an evaporitic environment.

A new species and the record of Hemihegetotherium (Notoungulata, Hegetotheriidae) in the Middle to Late Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina Vera, Bárbara Soledad The fossils of Hegetotheriinae notoungulates studied herein were recovered from the Collón Curá Formation at Cerro Zeballos (Chubut)and Comallo (Río Negro), which allow to report the first record of Hemihegetotherium from the Middle to Late Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina)and to describe a new species into this genus. The new taxon Hemihegetotherium tantillum sp. nov. is characterized by having a small size, an overlapped C labial to the P1, a squared and less imbricate P3–4, a not molarized P4, p1 positioned labial to p2, a lingually concave and labially bilobed p2, and more acute and pronounced mesial and distal ends on lower molars. The new species is morphologically similar to H. trilobus Croft and Anaya from the Middle Miocene fauna of Quebrada Honda (Bolivia), both sharing three synapomorphies. On the other hand, the holotype of Propachyrukhos robustus Roth is recognized as Hemihegetotherium cf. tantillum sp. nov., which implies that the genus, and tentatively the new species, are also present in the type locality of the Collón Curá Formation at Neuquén Province from where the holotype of P. robustus came from. This new report is relevant not only because it broadens the knowledge of Hegetotheriinae from the Collón Curá Formation and Middle to Late Miocene of Patagonia, but also because it involves the southernmost record of Hemihegetotherium in South America and a close affinity between the faunas of Patagonia and Quebrada Honda.

Optimización de la eficiencia energética aplicando confort térmico adaptativo en un edificio de oficinas público en San Juan-Argentina; Energy efficiency optimization through adaptive thermal comfort in a public office building in San Juan, Argentina Arballo, Bruno Damián; Kuchen, Ernesto; Chuk, Oscar Daniel Las edificaciones son responsables del 40% de la demanda mundial de energía y de emisiones de CO2. En Argentina, los edificios representan más del 40% del consumo total anual de energía. Las estrategias de ahorro de energía pueden provocar disconformidad térmica en los habitantes de los edificios. El objetivo de este trabajo es optimizar las temperaturas de “set point” diarias basadas en los perfiles de ocupación y la evolución del clima exterior para encontrar el equilibrio entre la eficiencia energética y el confort térmico de un edificio de oficinas público en San Juan, Argentina. El modelo tiene en cuenta la capacidad de adaptación térmica de los habitantes considerando la variación de la temperatura exterior. El método propuesto combina el análisis de monitoreo in situ, que introduce datos subjetivos de ocupación, con la herramienta de simulación energética para edificios Energy Plus. Los resultados de la optimización muestran alrededor de un 26% de ahorro de energía, manteniendo condiciones aceptables de confort térmico.; Buildings are responsible for 40% of global energy demand and CO2 emissions. In Argentina, buildings represent more than 40% of total annual energy consumption. Energy-saving strategies can cause thermal discomfort for building inhabitants. The aim of this research is to optimize daily set point temperatures based on occupancy profiles and changes in outdoor weather to find a balance between energy efficiency and thermal comfort in a public office building in San Juan, Argentina. The model takes into account the thermal adaptation capacity of the inhabitants considering outdoor temperature variation. The proposed method combines spot monitoring analysis, which introduces subjective occupancy data, with the Energy Plus building energy simulation tool. Optimization results show around 26% energy savings, while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort conditions.

Analysis of biological traits of Anagyrus cachamai and Anagyrus lapachosus to assess their potential as biological control candidate agents against Harrisia cactus mealybug pest in Puerto Rico Aguirre, María Belén; Logarzo, Guillermo Alejandro; Triapitsyn, Serguei V.; Diaz Soltero, Hilda; Hight, Stephen D.; Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto The Harrisia cactus mealybug (HCM), Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is devastating native cacti in Puerto Rico and threatens cacti throughout the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and North America. In South America, its native area, various natural enemies keep HCM under control. Two South American parasitoids, Anagyrus cachamai Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Aguirre and A. lapachosus Triapitsyn, Aguirre & Logarzo (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were selected as potential biological control agents. Rearing protocol to conduct mass production, specificity studies and several aspects of the biology of these species were studied under laboratory conditions in Argentina. Anagyrus cachamai and A. lapachosus successfully attacked early instars of Hypogeococcus sp., have a balanced sex ratio, exhibited a development time synchronized with that of the host, and presented differences in their reproductive biology and development time. All these characteristics make these parasitoids promising candidates for introduction as biological control agents against the HCM pest in Puerto Rico.