3D printing high-consistency enzymatic nanocellulose obtained from a soda-ethanol-O2 pine sawdust pulp Kangas, Heli; Felissia, Fernando Esteban; Filgueira, Daniel; Ehman, Nanci Vanesa; Vallejos, María Evangelina; Imlauer Vedoya, Camila María; Lahtinen, Panu; Area, Maria Cristina; Chinga Carrasco, Gary Soda-ethanol pulps, prepared from a forestry residue pine sawdust, were treated according to high-consistency enzymatic fibrillation technology to manufacture nanocellulose. The obtained nanocellulose was characterized and used as ink for three-dimensional (3D) printing of various structures. It was also tested for its moisture sorption capacity and cytotoxicity, as preliminary tests for evaluating its suitability for wound dressing and similar applications. During the high-consistency enzymatic treatment it was found that only the treatment of the O2-delignified pine pulp resulted in fibrillation into nano-scale. For 3D printing trials, the material needed to be fluidized further. By 3D printing, it was possible to fabricate various structures from the high-consistency enzymatic nanocellulose. However, the water sorption capacity of the structures was lower than previously seen with porous nanocellulose structures, indicating that further optimization of the material is needed. The material was found not to be cytotoxic, thus showing potential as material, e.g., for wound dressings and for printing tissue models.

La Educación Mediática en la Escuela Secundaria desde los diseños curriculares.; The Media Education in Secondary School from the curricular designs Saez, Virginia Este trabajo presenta un análisis cualitativo de la presencia de la Educación Mediática en los diseños curriculares de nivel secundario de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El método utilizado fue el análisis socioeducativo del discurso. Entre los resultados se identifica la Educación Mediática como un contenido transversal de la Educación Secundaria y se reconocen cuatro razones para su inclusión: motivar los aprendizajes, adiestrar a los ciudadanos en estas formas comunicacionales, necesidad de entenderlos en tanto requisito para una ciudadanía democrática y aprender a producir contenidos mediáticos. Deja vacante un estudio que focalice en las propuestas que tengan como objeto los procesos de construcción de conocimiento diferenciales que habilitan las distintas tecnologías comunicacionales.; This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the presence of Media Education in the curricular designs of secondary level of the province of Buenos Aires. The method used was the analysis of socio-educational discourse. Among the results, identifies the Media Education as a cross-sectional content of Secondary Education and recognized four reasons for inclusion: To motivate learning, to train citizens in these forms communication, understand them in both requirement for democratic citizenship and learn to produce media contents. Vacates a study that focuses on the proposals which have as their object the processes of construction of knowledge spreads that enable the various communications technologies.

Memorias de la dictadura en el arte tecnológico: el Mundial de 1978; Memories of dictatorship in technological art: 1978 World Cup Martin, Nadia Soledad Este trabajo considera dos obras de arte tecnológico contemporáneo que recurren al Mundial de fútbol de 1978 disputado en Argentina como terreno de exploración estética y conceptual: Desiluciones Ópticas (2013), de Leo Nuñez y 1978-2003 (2003), de Carlos Trilnick. Para su análisis, se recuperan estudios sobre comunicación mediática en el contexto de la dictadura, con foco en la transmisión del evento deportivo; algunos antecedentes sobre las políticas de lamemoria en la Argentina; y algunos trazados contextuales sobre el vínculo (histórico y teórico) entre arte y memoria. Desde este cruce, se observa que estas dos producciones artístico-tecnológicas participan de procesos contemporáneos de memoria del pasado dictatorial, en los que es posible observar una relectura crítica, por un lado, del rol de la sociedad civil (de víctimainocente a agente responsable); y por el otro, del discurso de los medios de comunicación (y sus estrategias de manipulación y legitimación del régimen).; This paper accounts two works of contemporary technological art that considers 1978 World Cup played in Argentina as a territory for their aesthetic and conceptual exploration: Desiluciones Ópticas (2013), by Leo Núñez and 1978-2003 (2003), by Carlos Trilnick. For the analysis, there are some fields of knowledge wich are recoverred: some researchs on media communication in the context of dictatorship, with special attention to those which focuss on the transmission of the sporting event; some background on the policies of memory in Argentina; and some contextual itineraries on the relationship (historical and theoretical) between art and memory. From this intersection, it is observed that these two artistic-technological productions participate in contemporary memory processes about the dictatorial past, in which it is possible to recognize a critical rereading, on the one hand, of civil society's role (from innocent victim to responsible agent); and on the other hand, of media's discourse (their strategies of manipulation and legitimacy of the regime).

Genetic Assignment and Monitoring of Yellow Cardinals Dominguez, Marisol; Pizzarello, María Gimena; Atencio, Melina; Scardamaglia, Romina Clara; Mahler, Bettina The yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) is a passerine bird endemic to southern South America. At present, the species is threatened with extinction, in part because of the capture of wild birds to supply the illegal caged‐bird market. Previous genetic evidence supports the existence of 3 management units for the species in Argentina, where the largest populations are currently found. Our objectives were to guide the reintroduction of these animals to their respective management units by determining the origin of seized specimens from illegal trade using 2 molecular markers, mtDNA and microsatellites, and to monitor the success of the released birds through radio‐telemetry. We compared the performance of different molecular markers and assignment approaches to optimize a technique capable of assigning the origin of confiscated yellow cardinals in a reliable way. Five of 10 released radio‐tracked individuals were predated shortly after liberation; however, 3 were successful in finding a mate and starting reproductive activities. Individual success was independent of the time spent in captivity, the liberation with a partner, the settlement type (semi‐open or closed), and the maximum distance traveled from the point of release. Cardinals that survived had higher individual heterozygosity. Our findings contribute a robust genetic assignment technique to be used in future yellow cardinal seizures and identify factors that might improve subsequent releases.

Dispositional and situational factors at work: A validation of scales and examination of effects on job satisfaction; Factores disposicionales y situacionales en el trabajo: Validación de escalas y análisis de sus influencias sobre la satisfacción laboral Pujol Cols, Lucas Joan; Dabos, Guillermo Enrique Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction (BIAJS) in terms of internal consistency and factor structure and to, subsequently, analyze the influence of a set of dispositional factors (namely, core self-evaluations, CSEs) and situational factors (namely, psychosocial factors) on job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 209 academics from an Argentinian university completed online surveys at two stages, separated in time, to reduce the common method bias. Findings – The Spanish version of the CSES and the BIAJS showed acceptable psychometric properties, which were similar to those previously reported in North-American, European and Asian settings. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both situational and dispositional factors are significant predictors of job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The CSES and the BIAJS seem to be valid and reliable instruments for assessing CSEs and job satisfaction, respectively, in Latin America. The adoption of an interactionist approach that includes both situational and dispositional factors is crucial in future research examining job satisfaction. Practical implications – Managers should carefully evaluate the personality traits of candidates during personnel selection, as well as the working conditions they offer to their employees, since both factors seem to affect job satisfaction. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the validation of two scales that may promote future organizational behavior/psychology research in Latin America. In addition, it provides empirical evidence on the relative influence of a set of situational and dispositional factors on job satisfaction, thus contributing to the resolution of the person-situation debate.; Objetivos – El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones en español de la Escala de Autoevaluaciones Esenciales (CSES) y el Índice Breve de Satisfacción Laboral Afectiva (BIAJS) en cuanto a su consistencia interna y estructura factorial y, posteriormente, analizar la influencia relativa de ciertos factores disposicionales (autoevaluaciones esenciales) y situacionales (factores psicosociales) sobre la satisfacción laboral. Metodología – 209 académicos de una universidad argentina completaron cuestionarios en dos etapas, separadas en el tiempo, para reducir la varianza por uso de método común. Resultados – Las versiones en español de la CSES y el BIAJS poseen propiedades psicométricas similares a las reportadas previamente en contextos no hispano-parlantes. Los análisis de regresiones múltiples jerárquicas revelan que tanto los factores situacionales como los disposicionales constituyen predictores significativos de la satisfacción laboral. Implicancias para la investigación – La CSES y el BIAJS parecen ser instrumentos válidos y confiables para medir las autoevaluaciones esenciales y la satisfacción laboral en el ámbito latinoamericano. La inclusión simultánea tanto de factores situacionales como disposicionales resulta esencial en futuras investigaciones que examinen la satisfacción laboral. Implicancias para la práctica – Los directivos deberían evaluar cuidadosamente los rasgos de personalidad de los candidatos en los procesos de selección de personal, así como también las condiciones laborales tendientes a reducir los riesgos psicosociales, ya que ambos factores condicionan la satisfacción laboral. Originalidad – Este artículo contribuye a la validación, en el ámbito latinoamericano, de dos escalas de gran utilidad para la Psicología Laboral y el Comportamiento Organizacional. Además, aporta evidencia empírica sobre la influencia relativa de un conjunto comprehensivo de factores situacionales y disposicionales sobre la satisfacción laboral, contribuyendo a la resolución del controversial debate individuo-situación.

Cartografía de cambios de usos del suelo. Elaboración y análisis basado en sistemas de información geográfica; Cartography of changes of uses of the land. Develoment and analysis based on geographical information systems Humacata, Luis Miguel; Buzai, Gustavo Daniel; Lara, Bruno Daniel Este artículo presenta procedimientos metodológicos para la realización de cartografía de cambios de los usos del suelo con Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Las características técnicas de la base de datos geográfica se presentan a partir de imágenes satelitales, creación de mapas de usos del suelo y su tratamiento mediante la tabulación cruzada en representación raster. El área de estudio son tres municipios del Gran Buenos Aires en el período 2000-2010. Los resultados cartográficos y estadísticos representan una contribución de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico de la dinámica espacial.; This article presents methodological procedures for carrying out land-use change cartography with Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The technical characteristics of the geographical database are presented from satellite images, creation of land-uses maps and their treatment through cross tabulation in raster representation. The study area includes three municipalities of Greater Buenos Aires in the period 2000-2010.The cartographic and statistical results represent a very useful contribution for the diagnosis of spatial dynamics.

Alkaloids Purified from Aristotelia chilensis Inhibit the Human α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor with Higher Potencies Compared with the Human α4β2 and α7 Subtypes Arias, Hugo Rubén; Ortells, Marcelo Oscar; Feuerbach, Dominik; Burgos, Viviana; Paz, Cristian The alkaloids aristoteline (1), aristoquinoline (2), and aristone (3) were purified from the leaves of the Maqui tree Aristotelia chilensis and chemically characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The pharmacological activity of these natural compounds was evaluated on human (h) α3β4, α4β2, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) by Ca2+ influx measurements. The results suggest that these alkaloids do not have agonistic, but inhibitory, activity on each receptor subtype. The obtained IC50 values indicate the following receptor selectivity: hα3β4 > hα4β2 ≫ hα7. In the particular case of hα3β4 AChRs, 1 (0.40 ± 0.20 μM) and 2 (0.96 ± 0.38 μM) show higher potencies compared with 3 (167 ± 3 μM). Molecular docking and structure-activity relationship results indicate that ligand lipophilicity is important for the interaction with the luminal site located close to the cytoplasmic side of the hα3β4 ion channel between positions -2′ and -4′. Compound 1 could be used as a molecular scaffold for the development of more potent noncompetitive inhibitors with higher selectivity for the hα3β4 AChR that could serve for novel addiction and depression therapies.

Cartografía de cambios de usos del suelo: Elaboración y análisis basado en Sistemas de Información Geográfica; Cartography of Changes of Uses of the Land: Development and Analysis Based on Geographical Information Systems Humacata, Luis Miguel; Buzai, Gustavo Daniel; Lara, Bruno Daniel Este artículo presenta procedimientos metodológicos para la realización de cartografía de cambios de los usos del suelo con Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Las características técnicas de la base de datos geográfica se presentan a partir de imágenes satelitales, creación de mapas de usos del suelo y su tratamiento mediante la tabulación cruzada en representación raster. El área de estudio son tres municipios del Gran Buenos Aires en el período 2000-2010. Los resultados cartográficos y estadísticos representan una contribución de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico de la dinámica espacial.; This article presents methodological procedures for carrying out land-use change cartography with Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The technical characteristics of the geographical database are presented from satellite images, creation of land-uses maps and their treatment through cross tabulation in raster representation. The study area includes three municipalities of Greater Buenos Aires in the period 2000-2010.The cartographic and statistical results represent a very useful contribution for the diagnosis of spatial dynamics.

El "acompañamiento" de inmigrantes en situación irregular en el acceso a la administración pública; The "Accompaniment" of Inmigrants in Irregular Situation in Access to Public Administration Tevez, Emilio José; Dueñas Díaz, Sofía El artículo trata sobre las complejidades que experimentan inmigrantes en situación irregular durante el acceso al proceso de obtención de la residencia. Se visibiliza la dimensión educativa en el ámbito de la administración pública reconociendo los aprendizajes que se producen con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la construcción de procedimientos que faciliten y garanticen el acceso de la ciudadanía. El abordaje se realizó a partir de un enfoque etnográfico mediante las técnicas de observación participante y entrevista, incorporando la sistematización de fuentes documentales. Los resultados indican que, a partir de la distinción entre disponibilidad y acceso, es posible diseñar políticas orientadas a la capacidad de generar condiciones de acceso tomando como ejemplo la modalidad de “acompañamiento”. A partir de ello, se plantea la importancia de pensar la dimensión educativa en el ámbito de la administración pública a fin de identificar obstáculos y elaborar estrategias para el acceso de la ciudadanía.; The article deals with the complexities experienced by migrants in an irregular situation during the access to the process of obtaining residency. In this way, the educational dimension in the field of public administration is made visible, recognizing the learning that takes place there. All this with the aim of discussing on the construction of procedures that facilitate and guarantee the access of citizens in state institutions. The approach was based on an ethnographic focus using the participant observation and interview techniques, of documentary sources was also incorporated. The results have shown, from the distinction between availability and access, its possible designing policies oriented to the capacity to generate access conditions, taking as an example the “accompaniment” modality. From this, the importance of thinking about the educational dimension in the field of public administration is raised in order to identify obstacles and develop strategies for the access of citizens.

El orden bellista. Purismo idiomático e intervención gráfica en la prensa temprana de Buenos Aires (1801-1830); The bellista order. Idiomatic purism and graphic intervention in the early periodical press of Buenos Aires (1801-1830) Pas, Hernán Francisco Considerando a la prensa como plataforma central de la construcción pública de la lengua legítima durante el siglo XIX, el presente trabajo procura avanzar en el análisis de dos aspectos estrechamente vinculados con su desarrollo. Por un lado, revisa las intervenciones puristas y supervisoras del idioma antes de la perentoria intervención pública de Bello (en Chile, desde la prensa y la Universidad; en Londres, desde sus famosas revistas). Por el otro, indaga, mediante algunos casos ejemplares, el impacto material de la imprenta en la construcción de sentidos alrededor de la lengua.; Considering the press as a central platform for the public construction of legitimate language during the 19th century, the present work aims to further analyze two aspects closely linked with its development. On the one hand, it reviews the purist and censoring interventions on language before Bello’s peremptory public involvement (in Chile, from the press and the University; in London, from his famous magazines). On the other, by means of some exemplary cases, it attempts to enquire into the material impact of the printing press on the construction of meanings around language.

El difícil encuadre del asilo diplomático como derecho humano. A propósito de la opinión consultiva número 25 de la Corte Interamericana; Diplomatic asylum and human rights. Some comments on the advisory opinion 25 of the Inter-American Court; O difícil enquadramento do asilo diplomático como direito humano. A propósito da opinião consultiva número 25 da corte interamericana Arlettaz, Fernando Emmanuel En su opinión consultiva número 25, adoptada a solicitud de Ecuador, la Corte Interamericana vuelve sobre el tema del asilo, que ya había tratado en pronunciamientos anteriores. Insiste en su afirmación, que se muestra problemática, de que la Convención y la Declaración americanas consagran un verdadero derecho individual a recibir asilo. Por otra parte, según la Corte, aunque ese derecho no incluye el asilo diplomático, por aplicación del principio de no devolución, los Estados deben abstenerse de entregar a las personas que lo solicitan cuando exista un riesgo para su vida o libertad. No surge claramente, sin embargo, cuáles son las obligaciones del Estado territorial ante el otorgamiento del asilo diplomático o la abstención de entrega basada en el principio de no devolución por parte de otro Estado.; In its advisory opinion number 25, adopted at the request of Ecuador, the InterAmerican Court returns to the issue of asylum, which it had already addressed in previous pronouncements. The Court insists on the problematic idea that the American Convention and the American Declaration consecrate an individual right to receive asylum. Moreover, according to the Court, although that right does not include diplomatic asylum, States must refrain from handing over asylum applicants when there is a risk to their life or liberty. However, it is not clear what the obligations of the territorial State are when another State refuses to hand over or grants diplomatic asylum to an individual.; Em sua opinião consecutiva número, adotada a solicitação do Equador, a corte interamericana volta sobre o tema do asilo, que já tinha tratado em pronunciamentos anteriores. Insiste em sua afirmação, que se mostra problemática, de que a convenção e a declaração americanas consagram um verdadeiro direito individual a receber asilo. Por outra parte, segundo a corte, mesmo que esse direito não inclui o asilo diplomático, por aplicação do princípio de não devolução os estados devem abster-se de entregar para as pessoas que o solicitam quando exista um risco para sua vida ou liberdade. Não surge claramente, porém, quais são as obrigações do estado territorial ante o a aceitação do asilo diplomático ou abstenção de entrega baseada no princípio da não devolução por parte de outro estado.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Paraguay Mojsiejczuk, Laura Noelia; Elizalde, Maria Mercedes; López, Gladys; Figueredo, Diego; Marquez, Nelson; Campos, Rodolfo Hector; Flichman, Diego Martin Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of severe chronic liver disease worldwide. The HBV epidemiology in Latin American countries is complex and the data is still scanty and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes in Paraguay and to estimate the viral population dynamic and spread pattern of the main phylogenetic group. To this end, partial and complete genome sequences were obtained from 60 blood donor candidates and analysed by phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic approaches. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of partial Polymerase/Pre-S1 overlapping region showed a predominance of the Native American subgenotype F4 (81.7%), the presence of the European subgenotypes A2 (1.7%) and D3 (8.3%), the African subgenotype A1 (3, 5%) and the Asian subgenotypes B2 (1.7%) and C2 (1.7%). The distribution of HBV genotypes was in accordance with the ethnic composition of the population. The phylogeographic analysis of subgenotype F4 complete genomes suggests that this lineage emerged and spread in the last 300 years. Paraguay was the most probable location of the common ancestor. The lineage diverged into two main clades and spread to neighbor regions, mainly Bolivia and Northwest Argentina, and Buenos Aires. The phylogeny showed a scanty geographical structure and a complex migratory pattern. In conclusion, the HBV genotypes circulating in Paraguay reflect the ethnic origin of the population. The distribution of genotypes and the phylogeographic reconstruction showed the impact of both global and local migrations in shaping the HBV molecular epidemiology in the region.

El desarrollo económico local y los parques industriales: El caso del "Polo Productivo Agro-Industrial" en el Centro-Sur de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina Valinotti, María Florencia Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender los vínculos entre gobiernos locales y actores socio-económicos dominantes para la producción de perfiles productivos mediante la herramienta parque industrial. A partir de un estudio de caso, nos centramos en el proceso de construcción y desarrollo del parque industrial municipal de la localidad de General Deheza, Córdoba (1997-2017). Entendemos que constituye un caso paradigmático para dar cuenta del proceso mediante el cual, un proyecto empresarial ingresa a la agenda del gobierno local y deviene en un proyecto socio-político para la ciudad. Se concluye sobre la pertinencia de abordajes empíricos que enfaticen las interrelaciones entre municipio y actores socio-económicos en la producción conjunta de perfiles productivos a nivel ciudad y región.

Detection of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) DNA in endocervical samples from a positive and negative HPV woman of Córdoba, Argentina Biganzoli, Patricia; Frutos, Maria Celia; Venezuela, Raul Fernando; Mosmann, Jessica Paola; Kiguen, Ana Ximena; Pavan, Jorge; Ferreyra, Leonardo Jesús; Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela Aims: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the presence of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), HHV-6B and HHV-7 in samples of the uterine cervix through detection of viral DNA. We analysed normal tissues, samples with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). We correlated the presence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 with the finding of human papillomavirus (HPV) in mucosal samples. Methods: Cervical samples were examined and grouped as follows: group 1 (n=29), normal cytology; group 2 (n=61), samples with LSIL; group 3 (n=35), samples with HSIL. Molecular biology examinations were performed in all samples to detect HHV-6, HHV-7 and HPV DNA and to typify HHV-6 species. Results: Group 1: normal cytology and HPV (-): HHV-6: 6.8% (2/29), HHV-7: 79.3% (23/29); group 2: LSIL and HPV (-): HHV-6: 93.1% (27/29), HHV-7: 96.5% (28/29); LSIL and HPV (+): HHV-6: 0% (0/32), HHV-7: 90.6% (29/32); group 3: HSIL and HPV (-): HHV-6: 20% (2/10), HHV-7: 70% (7/10); HSIL HPV (+): HHV-6: 12% (3/25), HHV-7: 68% (17/25). HHV-6A DNA was not detected in any samples. Conclusions: (1) Both HHV-6 and HHV-7 infect the mucosal cells of the cervix with higher prevalence of HHV-7. (2) The higher prevalence of HHV-6 in LSIL HPV (-) samples compared with those with normal cytology indicates that it constitutes a possible risk factor for atypia production. (3) The presence of HHV-7 in all samples questions its role in the production of atypia. (4) The finding of HHV-6 and HHV-7 suggests that the cervical mucosa is a possible transmission pathway for these viruses.

Morphology of the megaspore lagenoisporites magnus (Chi and hills 1976) candilier et al. (1982), from the carboniferous (lower mississippian: Mid-upper tournaisian) of Bolivia Quetglas, Marcela Alejandra; Macluf, Carmen Cecilia; Di Pasquo, Mercedes The morphology and structure of megaspores assigned to Lagenoisporites magnus from the Toregua Formation, Retama Group, mid-upper Tournaisian of Bolivia were studied. The analysis was performed with light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Megaspores were laterally compressed and presented a spherical body with a proximal gula, of the hologula type. Gula had verrucae ornamentation and the spore body presented complex processes consisting of a bulbous base and an internally partitioned projection with sharp apex. In addition to this main ornamentation, perforations were present throughout the spore surface. Megaspores showed well marked curvaturae perfectae due to the abrupt transition existing between the gula ornamentation and the spore body processes. These megaspores were assigned to heterosporous arborescent lycopsids of the Lepidocarpaceae family, as in section view, exospore structure presented a three-dimensional network of fused elements. Likewise, due to a similarity found between sporoderm and Isoetes L. structure, it is evident that megaspores structure has remained intact inside the heterosporous lycopsids. Therefore; the L. magnus structure not only would confirm its affinity with the Lycophyta fossils but also with the living ones.

Characterization of acid: Induced gels of quinoa proteins and carrageenan Montellano Duran, Natalia; Spelzini, Darío; Boeris, Valeria In this work acid-induced gels composed of both quinoa proteins (QP, 18–42 g/L) and ι–carrageenan (Carr, 0–0.5 g/L) were characterized. The objective of this work was to characterize gels with different structures and to correlate their microstructural parameters to physical properties of gels using modeling equation. Aggregates and pores size distributions were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy; the medians of these distributions being between 1.10–2.46 μm and 1.4–4.45 μm respectively. Digital homogeneity of the images was also estimated by the determination of the angular second moment (13–54). Water holding capacity (WHC), color, appearance and texture were measured in order to assess the macrostructure. Appearance and color (L* = 82–87, a* = 3.52–6.09, b* = 15.8–24.4) were affected by QP concentration and the glucono–δ–lactone (GDL, 0–21 g/L) to QP mass ratio (GDL/QP), probably due to the protein coloration and the final pH reached by the system. WHC (82–97%) and textural (stiffness = 12–253.2 N/mm, maximum force = 127.4–1298.5 N) properties were affected by the concentration of both biopolymers, GDL/QP and their combination. The pore size showed to be correlated to mechanical properties of the gels as well as to their WHC and appearance. Gels obtained were a result of the competition of QP–QP interaction with QP–Carr interaction.

Does Social Hierarchy Matter for Resource Distribution; A hierarquia social é importante para a distribuição dos recursos?; ¿la jerarquía social es importante para la distribución de los recursos? Mola, Débora Jeanette; Godoy, Juan Carlos; Reyna, Cecilia Resources are distributed unequally depending on the social status (SS) of people. Researchers have often used experiments to explain the role of SS in economic decisions. However, the diverse ways of inducing SS has produced contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of SS on the distribution of monetary resources in students aged 18 to 25 years from Córdoba (Argentina). Three experiments using mixed factorial designs were conducted. Different ways of inducing SS and the effect on decisions in different games were examined. In Experiment 1, the effect of two SS induction techniques on the decisions of the Ultimatum Game (UG) and Dictator Game (DG) was compared. In Experiment 2, the effect of SS on the same games, including Social Value Orientation (SVO) and Subjective Social Status (SSS) as covariates was analyzed. In Experiment 3, the role of SS, SVO and SSS in the DG and the Dictator Game Taking (DGT) was examined. In the three experiments, it was not found that SS had any effect on the decisions of the games. However, more rejection and negative valence was observed (Exp. 1: p <.001, n2=.72; Exp. 2:p<.001,pn2 =.65) for unfair offers than for fair ones p (Exp. 2: p <.001). Also, pro-social individuals made fairer offers in the DG (Exp. 2: p <.05) and participants offered more money in the DGT than in the DG (Exp. 3: p =.01). Those findings showed that the effect of SS on behavioral responses is not robust, which highlights the need to obtain new experimental evidence to investigate its role in those decisions.

Rural electrification with household wind systems in remote high wind regions Leary, Jon; Schaube, Philipp; Clementi, Luciana Vanesa This paper offers a comparative analysis of small wind electrification programmes targeted at remote sheep farming households in two of the windiest regions of the world, Argentine Patagonia and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. Despite comparable environmental conditions and local livelihoods, their impact was vastly different. Insights from socio-technical systems and strategic niche management approaches offered a deeper understanding of the local context and development dynamics, facilitating the identification of the critical success factors that contributed to these two distinct outcomes and finally highlighting those that can inform the design of future such initiatives. The research is based upon a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, observational field visits and review of archival sources. The critical factors identified by this case study research include strong and consistent institutional support, investment in robust equipment creation of effective feedback loops from the field and hybridisation. Additionally, a user centred approach that assesses whether small wind is really the right option for each individual household and if so, matches an appropriate energy system to their unique and evolving needs. Finally, empowering users to take on as much responsibility for maintenance as possible by integrating maintenance practices with local culture and ensuring the support of an effective decentralised maintenance network.

“…y crecerá la espiga con el sol proletario”: La izquierda y las huelgas en El Chocón, Neuquén, 1969-1970; “…and the spike shall grow with the proletarian sun": The left and strikes in El Chocón, Neuquén, 1969-1970 Aiziczon, Fernando Cristian Las huelgas en El Chocón fueron las mayores protestas obreras ocurridas en la Patagonia argentina a fines de los años '60. Allí se desarrollaron dos grandes huelgas en las que obreros enfrentaron a la patronal y desafiaron al sindicato alarmando a ambos no solamente por la magnitud de las obras afectadas o por las simpatías que desplegaba en la población, sino también porque los referentes de la huelga eran militantes del Partido Comunista. En este sentido, tuvieron su particular lectura desde diversas organizaciones de izquierda que lo señalaron como una de las huelgas más ejemplares que enfrentaron la dictadura de Onganía, inscribiéndolo en el derrotero de las experiencias clasistas de la época. Este artículo se enfoca en la interpretación de los comunistas en sus documentos de época, para luego analizar algunas de las producciones de otras organizaciones de izquierda.; The strikes in The Chocón were the largest workers' protests happenned in the Argentinian Patagonia at the end of ´60. Two big strikes developed there, in which the workers confronted the employers and challenged the syndicate, alarming both not only for the magnitude of the civil work affected or the sympathy that they deployed on the people, but also because the referents of the strikes were communists party militants. In this sense, the protests had their particular reading from various leftists organizations that noted it as one of the most exemplary strike that confronted Ongania's dictatorship, registering it among the track record of the classists experiences course of the time. This paper focuses in the communists interpretation in their period`s documents, and then analyze some texts of other leftist’s organizations.

Estrategias de inserción laboral y capital social: Un estudio sobre jóvenes de clases populares en Córdoba, Argentina; Estratégias de inserção laboral e capital social: Um estudo sobre jovens de classes populares em Córdoba, Argentina; Social capital and labor insertion strategies: A study on young individuals from working classes in Cordoba, Argentina Gutiérrez, Alicia Beatriz; Assusa, Gonzalo Este artículo analiza la configuración del capital social en las estrategias laborales de jóvenes de clases populares, tomando como base dos estudios realizados en Córdoba, Argentina, y combinando abordajes cuantitativos y cualitativos. Explicitamos primero nuestra manera de considerar el «capital social» y su funcionamiento en el mundo popular, luego caracterizamos las «clases populares» en el espacio social cordobés, para explicitar diferentes formas de capital social vinculados a las estrategias laborales: endógeno, en redes entre pares y hacia el interior de un barrio; exógeno, en redes construidas con agentes de otras posiciones de clase y hacia afuera del barrio; y capital social negativo, asociado a la inclusión en ciertos círculos de sociabilidad.; Este artigo analisa a configuração do capital social nas estratégias laborais dos jovens das classes populares, a partir dos estudos realizados em Córdoba, Argentina, e que combina abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. Primeiro, explicitamos nossa maneira de considerar o “capital social” e seu funcionamento no mundo popular, logo caracterizamos as “classes populares” no espaço social de Córdoba, para explicitar diferentes formas de capital social vinculadas às estratégias laborais: endógeno, em redes entre pares e para o interior de um bairro; exógeno, em redes construídas com agentes de outras posições de classe e para fora do bairro; e capital social negativo, associado à inclusão em alguns círculos de sociabilidade.; This article analyzes the configuration of social capital in the labor strategies of young individuals from working class, based on two studies carried out in Córdoba, Argentina, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. First, we explain our understanding of "social capital" and its functioning in the world of working classes. Then, we characterize "working classes" in the social space of Cordoba in order to indicate different forms of social capital linked to labor strategies: endogenous, in networks between peers into the neighborhood, and exogenous, in networks established with agents from other social classes to outside the neighborhood, and negative social capital, associated with inclusion in certain circles of sociability.