La desorganización de la acción de clase en la Argentina reciente y los problemas conceptuales para el estudio del conflicto obrero; The Disorganization of the Class Action in the Recent Argentina and the Conceptual Problems for the Study of Labor Conflict Piva, Adrián Este artículo se propone discutir algunas tendencias del conflicto obrero y su lugar en el conflicto social en Argentina desde 1989 como una aproximación a los procesos de formación y desorganización de la acción colectiva de clase de los asalariados. Simultáneamente, trata el problema de las categorías de análisis del conflicto social, particularmente el laboral, para la medición de la conflictividad. Para esto se implementó una estrategia de análisis cuantitativo del conflicto a partir de datos de producción propia y de otros investigadores. La principal hipótesis es que durante la década de 1990 se desarrolló en Argentina un proceso de desorganización de la acción de clase de los asalariados, caracterizado por la pérdida de peso social de las acciones de clase dentro del conjunto de las luchas sociales y la fragmentación de las acciones de la clase obrera. Dicho proceso puso en crisis las formas tradicionales de conceptualizar y medir el conflicto social, particularmente el obrero, y exige la adecuación de los instrumentos teóricos y metodológicos con el fin de aprehender las tendencias disímiles del conflicto obrero y social.; This article discusses some trends of the labor conflict and its role in the social conflict in Argentina since 1989 as an approximation to the processes of formation and disorganization of the collective action by the salaried class. Simultaneously, it addresses the problem of the categories of analysis of the social conflict; particularly, of the labor conflict, for the measurement of the amount of conflict. In order to do this, a strategy of quantitative analysis has been implemented, whose point of departure were data of conflict both retrieved by us and from other researchers. The main hypothesis is that, during the 90s, a process of disorganization in the salaried class took place in Argentina, characterized by the loss of social force of the class action agency within the set of social struggles, and the fragmentation of the actions by the working class. This process calls into question the traditional methods for conceptualizing and measuring social conflict, particularly in the workers, and evidences the need to improve and adapt theoretical and methodological tools in order to comprehend the different trends within the social and labor conflict.

Evolutionary and Functional Relationships in the Truncated Hemoglobin Family Bustamante, Juan Pablo; Radusky, Leandro Gabriel; Boechi, Leonardo; Estrin, Dario Ariel; Ten Have, Arjen; Marti, Marcelo Adrian Predicting function from sequence is an important goal in current biological research, and although, broad functional assignment is possible when a protein is assigned to a family, predicting functional specificity with accuracy is not straightforward. If function is provided by key structural properties and the relevant properties can be computed using the sequence as the starting point, it should in principle be possible to predict function in detail. The truncated hemoglobin family presents an interesting benchmark study due to their ubiquity, sequence diversity in the context of a conserved fold and the number of characterized members. Their functions are tightly related to O2affinity and reactivity, as determined by the association and dissociation rate constants, both of which can be predicted and analyzed using in-silico based tools. In the present work we have applied a strategy, which combines homology modeling with molecular based energy calculations, to predict and analyze function of all known truncated hemoglobins in an evolutionary context. Our results show that truncated hemoglobins present conserved family features, but that its structure is flexible enough to allow the switch from high to low affinity in a few evolutionary steps. Most proteins display moderate to high oxygen affinities and multiple ligand migration paths, which, besides some minor trends, show heterogeneous distributions throughout the phylogenetic tree, again suggesting fast functional adaptation. Our data not only deepens our comprehension of the structural basis governing ligand affinity, but they also highlight some interesting functional evolutionary trends.

Prisión política y destierro en la Argentina dictatorial: Materiales y preguntas para la construcción de nuevos objetos de estudio; Political imprisonment and exile in the dictatorial Argentina: Materials and questions for the construction of new objects of study Jensen, Silvina Inés; Montero, María Lorena Este artículo se propone analizar las formas de abordaje de las relaciones entre cárcel y exilio haciendo foco en escenarios, luchas y actores concretos del pasado reciente argentino, a partir del análisis de materiales producidos por los desterrados en su accionar anti-dictatorial, en diálogo con otros emanados del propio sistema penitenciario o con las memorias de los protagonistas.; This article aims to discuss ways of addressing the relationship between prison and exile by focusing on scenarios, struggles and specific actors of the Argentine recent past, from the analysis of materials produced by the exiles in their anti-dictatorial action, in dialogue with others issued the correctional system or the memories of the protagonists.

Taxonomy, affinities, and paleobiology of the tiny metatherian mammal Minusculodelphis, from the early Eocene of South America Oliveira, Edison V.; Zimicz, Ana Natalia; Goin, Francisco Javier With less than 3 g of estimated body mass, the early Eocene Minusculodelphis minimus Paula Couto (Mammalia, Metatheria, Jaskhadelphyidae) is one of the smallest mammals, living or extinct. It has alternatively been regarded as adidelphid or a derorhynchid Bameridelphian, or even as an eometatherian marsupial. Here, we describe a new species of Minusculodelphis coming from the same locality (Itaboraí Quarry, Brazil) and age (Itaboraian age) of the type species of the genus. It differs from M. minimus in its larger size and several dental characters. The new species offers data on the upper dentition and femur, which are unknown in the type species. Compared to other Paleogene metatherians,Minusculodelphis shows closer relationships with Jaskhadelphys, from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa, Bolivia, as well as with Kiruwamaq, from the late Eocene-early Oligocene of Perú. A cladistic analysis places all three genera within the family Jaskhadelphyidae (Metatheria, Order indet.), which includes small to tiny, insectivorous-like metatherians. We argue that insectivory (soft insects) is the best-supported diet for both species of Minusculodelphis, and that the most probable microhabitat for them was the understorey or leaf litter of tropical, rain forested environments.

Partition of some key regulating services in terrestrial ecosystems: Meta-analysis and review Viglizzo, Ernesto Francisco; Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel; Ricard, Maria Florencia; Paruelo, José Our knowledge about the functional foundations of ecosystem service (ES) provision is still limited and more research is needed to elucidate key functional mechanisms. Using a simplified eco-hydrological scheme, in this work we analyzed how land-use decisions modify the partition of some essential regulatory ES by altering basic relationships between biomass stocks and water flows. A comprehensive meta-analysis and review was conducted based on global, regional and local data from peer-reviewed publications. We analyzed five datasets comprising 1348 studies and 3948 records on precipitation (PPT), aboveground biomass (AGB), AGB change, evapotranspiration (ET), water yield (WY), WY change, runoff (R) and infiltration (I). The conceptual framework was focused on ES that are associated with the ecological functions (e.g., intermediate ES) of ET, WY, R and I. ES included soil protection, carbon sequestration, local climate regulation, water-flow regulation and water recharge. To address the problem of data normality, the analysis included both parametric and non-parametric regression analysis. Results demonstrate that PPT is a first-order biophysical factor that controls ES release at the broader scales. At decreasing scales, ES are partitioned as result of PPT interactions with other biophysical and anthropogenic factors. At intermediate scales, land-use change interacts with PPT modifying ES partition as it the case of afforestation in dry regions, where ET and climate regulation may be enhanced at the expense of R and water-flow regulation. At smaller scales, site-specific conditions such as topography interact with PPT and AGB displaying different ES partition formats. The probable implications of future land-use and climate change on some key ES production and partition are discussed.

Comando de Organización: un peronismo plebeyo, combativo y nacionalista (1961-1976); Command of Organization: a plebeian, combative and nationalistic Peronism (1961-1976) Denaday, Juan Pedro En el presente artículo se sintetizan las principales conclusiones de una primera investigación sobre el Comando de Organización de la Juventud Peronista. Se comienza por reconstruir las redes militantes de las cuales surgieron los activistas que, liderados por el dirigente peronista Alberto Brito Lima, fundaron la agrupación. Se desarrolla una descripción y análisis de aquellos rasgos políticos, ideológicos, sociológicos y culturales que se identifican como los más relevantes a los fines de hacer una caracterización del Comando de Organización. Se indaga cómo la muerte de varios de sus integrantes en episodios políticos violentos dio sitio a la construcción de un martirologio funcional a la recreación de una mística heroica, que alimentó un militantismo combativo ideológicamente asociado a un imaginario de cuño nacionalista. La reconstrucción de la historia de esta agrupación nacida a comienzos de la década del sesenta, nos aporta información que consideramos significativa para interpretar la beligerante interna justicialista acontecida en el primer lustro de la década del setenta. En la medida que estos activistas peronistas tuvieron un protagonismo en dichos acontecimientos, su estudio brinda elementos para hacer inteligible la dinámica de ese controvertido período histórico signado por el fenómeno de la violencia política.; In this article the main findings of the first investigation about the group Command of Organization of the Peronist Youth are presented. It begins by rebuilding the militant networks out of which emerged activists, led by Peronist leader Alberto Brito Lima, that founded the group. A description and analysis is made concerning those political, ideological, sociological and cultural characteristics that are identified as the most relevant ones for the purposes of making a characterization of the Command of Organization. It is shown how the death of several of its members in politically violent episodes, gave place to the construction of a martyrdom that was functional to the recreation of a heroic mystique that fueled a combative militancy ideologically associated to a nationalist imaginary. The reconstruction of the history of this group, born in the early sixties, gives us information that we consider significant to interpret the belligerent internal differences within Peronism occurred in the first half of the seventies. Since these Peronist activists played a protagonic role in these events, their analysis provides us with elements to make intelligible the dynamics of the controversial historical period marked by the phenomenon of political violence.

Electrochemical formation and characterization of Au nanostructures on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surface Arroyo Gomez, Jose Joaquin; Zubieta, Carolina Edith; Ferullo, Ricardo; Garcia, Silvana Graciela The electrochemical formation of Au nanoparticles on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate using conventional electrochemical techniques and ex-situ AFM is reported. From the potentiostatic current transients studies, the Au electrodeposition process on HOPG surfaces was described, within the potential range considered, by a model involving instantaneous nucleation and diffusion controlled 3D growth, which was corroborated by the microscopic analysis. Initially, three-dimensional (3D) hemispherical nanoparticles distributed on surface defects (step edges) of the substrate were observed, with increasing particle size at more negative potentials. The double potential pulse technique allowed the formation of rounded deposits at low deposition potentials, which tend to form lines of nuclei aligned in defined directions leading to 3D ordered structures. By choosing suitable nucleation and growth pulses, one-dimensional (1D) deposits were possible, preferentially located on step edges of the HOPG substrate. Quantum-mechanical calculations confirmed the tendency of Au atoms to join selectively on surface defects, such as the HOPG step edges, at the early stages of Au electrodeposition.

Bringing High-Rate, CO2-Based Microbial Electrosynthesis Closer to Practical Implementation through Improved Electrode Design and Operating Conditions Jourdin, Ludovic; Freguia, Stefano; Flexer, Victoria; Keller, Jurg The enhancement of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of acetate from CO2 to performance levels that could potentially support practical implementations of the technology must go through the optimization of key design and operating conditions. We report that higher proton availability drastically increases the acetate production rate, with pH 5.2 found to be optimal, which will likely suppress methanogenic activity without inhibitor addition. Applied cathode potential as low as −1.1 V versus SHE still achieved 99% of electron recovery in the form of acetate at a current density of around −200 A m–2. These current densities are leading to an exceptional acetate production rate of up to 1330 g m–2 day–1 at pH 6.7. Using highly open macroporous reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes with macropore sizes of about 0.6 mm in diameter was found to be optimal for achieving a good balance between total surface area available for biofilm formation and effective mass transfer between the bulk liquid and the electrode and biofilm surface. Furthermore, we also successfully demonstrated the use of a synthetic biogas mixture as carbon dioxide source, yielding similarly high MES performance as pure CO2. This would allow this process to be used effectively for both biogas quality improvement and conversion of the available CO2 to acetate.

BEC-BCS crossover in a cold and magnetized two color NJL model Duarte, Dyana C.; Allen, Pablo Guillermo; Farias, R. L. S.; Manso, Pedro H. A.; Ramos, Rudnei O.; Scoccola, Norberto Nerio The BEC-BCS crossover for a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with diquark interactions is studied in the presence of an external magnetic field. Particular attention is paid to different regularization schemesused in the literature. A thorough comparison of results is performed for the case of a cold and magnetized two-color NJL model. According to our results, the critical chemical potential for the BEC transition exhibits a clear inverse magnetic catalysis effect for magnetic fields in the range 1 ≲ eB=m2π≲ 20. As for the BEC-BCS crossover, the corresponding critical chemical potential is very weakly sensitive to magnetic fields up to eB ∼ 9m2π, showing a much smaller inverse magnetic catalysis as compared to the BECtransition, and displays a strong magnetic catalysis from this point on.

Carrageenan and agaran structures from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus tenuis Perez Recalde, Maria Mercedes; Canelon Gonzalez, Dilsia Josefina; Compagnone, Reinaldo S.; Matulewicz, Maria Cristina; Cerezo, Alberto; Ciancia, Marina The galactan system biosynthesized by the red seaweed Gymnogongrus tenuis (Phyllophoraceae) is con-stituted by major amounts of /-carrageenans, with predominance of -structures, which were isolatedby extraction with hot water in high yield (∼45%). A small amount of non-cyclized carrageenans mostlyof the -type was also obtained. Besides, 12% of these galactans are agaran structures, which were presentin major quantities in the room temperature water extracts, but they were also found in the hot waterextract. They are constituted by 3-linked -d-galactose units partially substituted on C-6 with sulfate orsingle stubs of -d-xylose and 4-linked residues that comprise -l-galactose units partially sulfated ormethoxylated on C-3 or sulfated on C-3 and C-6 and 3,6-anhydro--l-galactose. Related structural pat-terns were previously found for agarans synthesized by other carrageenophytes. Results presented hereshow that these agarans are low molecular weight molecules independent of the carrageenan structures,with strong interactions between them.

Rickettsial infection in ticks infesting wild birds from two eco-regions of Argentina; Infecção por riquétsias em carrapatos de aves silvestres em duas ecorregiões da Argentina Flores, Fernando Sebastián; Borges Costa, Francisco; Nava, Santiago; Diaz, Luis Adrian; Labruna, Marcelo Bahía Several tick-borne Rickettsia species are recognized human pathogens in Argentina. Here we evaluated rickettsial infection in ticks collected on passerine birds during 2011-2012 in two eco-regions of Argentina. The ticks were processed by molecular analysis through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and DNA sequencing of fragments of two rickettsial genes, gltA and ompA. A total of 594 tick specimens (532 larvae and 62 nymphs), representing at least 4 species (Amblyomma tigrinum, Ixodes pararicinus, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris), were evaluated. At least one A. tigrinum larva, collected on Coryphospingus cucullatus in Chaco Seco, was infected with Rickettsia parkeri, whereas at least 12 larvae and 1 nymph of I. pararicinus, collected from Troglodytes aedon, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus rufiventris, C. cucullatus and Zonotrichia capensis, were infected with an undescribed Rickettsia agent, genetically related to several rickettsial endosymbionts of ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. R. parkeri is a recognized human pathogen in several American countries including Argentina, where a recent study incriminated A. tigrinum as the potential vector of R. parkeri to humans. Birds could play an important role in dispersing R. parkeri-infected A. tigrinum ticks. Additionally, we report for the first time a rickettsial agent infecting I. pararicinus ticks.; Algumas espécies de Rickettsia transmitidas por carrapatos são reconhecidos como patógenos humanos na Argentina. Este presente trabalho avaliou a infecção por Rickettsia em carrapatos coletados em aves passeriformes, durante 2011-2012, em duas ecorregiões da Argentina. Os carrapatos foram processados pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento de DNA de dois genes de Rickettsia: gltA e ompA. Ao todo, 594 amostras de carrapatos (532 larvas e 62 ninfas), representando pelo menos 4 espécies (Amblyomma tigrinum, Ixodes pararicinus, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris), foram avaliadas. Pelo menos uma larva de A. tigrinum, coletada de Coryphospingus cucullatus no Chaco Seco, estava infectada com Rickettsia parkeri, enquanto pelo menos 12 larvas e 1 ninfa de I. pararicinus, coletadas de Troglodytes aedon, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus rufiventris, C. cucullatus e Zonotrichia capensis estavam infectadas com Rickettsia sp., geneticamente relacionada a vários endossimbiontes riquetsiais de carrapatos do complexo Ixodes ricinus. R. parkeri é reconhecidamente um patógeno humano em alguns países americanos, incluindo a Argentina, onde um estudo recente incriminou A. tigrinum como um provável vetor. Aves poderiam desempenhar um papel importante na dispersão de carrapatos A. tigrinum infectados por R. parkeri. Em adição, relata-se pela primeira vez a infecção por Rickettsia em I. pararicinus.

Wind speed trends over the Southeastern continental shelf of South America, between 33° and 50° S Pescio, Andrés Esteban; Martin, Paula Beatriz; Dragani, Walter Cesar Surface scalar wind speed trends (from 1979 to 2009) at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, between 33° and 50°S and 55° and 70°W, were estimated from the NCEP/NCAR I (NR1) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) using Sen's slope. Trends were tested using the seasonal Mann-Kendall test. Scalar wind speed trends computed from NR1 database were positive throughout the whole study area, with values ranging from +0.01 to +0.03 m s-1 year-1. On the contrary, wind speed trends computed from CFSR database were rather different to trends obtained from NR1 reanalysis. Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) trend patterns, both computed from CFSR database, seem to be quite consistent but, in general, no apparent relationship between both patterns was obtained when different global databases were analysed. Sea surface wind speed data compiled from multiple satellite observations were also used to compute wind speed trends. Computed satellite trends resulted in very good agreement with positive values obtained from NR1 database. NR1 data series presented significant inter-annual to multi-decadal oscillations at the Argentinean continental shelf, but they would not seem to be associated either with the Southern Annular Mode or with El Niño Southern Oscillation. Possible impacts of positive speed wind trends on the mean depth of the ocean mixed layer and on the wind wave climate are briefly discussed.

Lizards at the end of the world: a new melanic species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade from rocky outcrops in the northwestern steppe of Chubut province, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae); Lagartijas del fin del mundo: una nueva especie melánica de Phymaturus del clado patagonicus de roquedales en la estepa noroeste de la provincia de Chubut, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae) Scolaro, Jose Alejandro; Corbalán, Valeria Elizabeth; Tappari, Osvaldo Fabián; Obregon Streitenberger, Rosa Lorena A new Phymaturus species is described as a new member of the “patagonicus” group of the genus. The Patagonian lizard genus Phymaturus is regarded as a candidate for non-adaptive radiation given the tendency toward non-overlapping distributions among its phenotypically and ecologically similar species (i.e., niche conservatism). In this paper, we provide the description of a sexually monomorphic species new to this clade. It is distinguished from other members of the patagonicus group by having metric and meristic differences, as well as by a peculiar, almost homogeneous, black colour pattern over the whole body. It lives at about 1000 m of altitude in very dark basalt rocky outcrops, in northwestern Chubut Province, Argentina. The new species is morphologically compared with the closely related species of the patagonicus group, and its distribution and natural history are highlighted.; Se describe una nueva especie perteneciente al grupo “patagonicus” del género Phymaturus. Las lagartijas de este género patagónico son consideradas como candidatos de una radiación no adaptativa dada la tendencia a no tener sobreposición de su distribución entre especies fenotípica y ecológicamente similares (ejemplo de conservación del nicho). En este trabajo, se provee la descripción de una nueva especie sexualmente monomórfica de este clado. Ella puede ser distinguida de otros miembros del grupo patagonicus por tener diferencias métricas y merísticas, además de un peculiar color negro casi homogéneo en todo su cuerpo. Ellos viven a una altitud alrededor de 1000 msnm en roquedales basálticos muy oscuros, en el noroeste de la provincia de Chubut, Argentina. La nueva especie se compara morfológicamente con las especies cercanamente relacionadas del grupo patagonicus, y se destaca su distribución e historia natural.

Diversidade de pequenos mamíferos (Didelphimorphia e Rodentia) do holoceno do Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: Implicações taxonômicas e paleoambientais; Small mammals diversity (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from the holocene of Northeastern Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil: Taxonomic and paleoenvironmental implications Hadler, Patricia; Cherem, Jorge José; Turbay, Renata; Alberti, Arthur; Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J. Apesar do recente incremento ao conhecimento dos pequenos mamíferos do Holoceno do Rio Grande do Sul e da sua importância como indicadores paleoambientais, a maioria das assembleias advindas de sítios arqueológicos permanece sem uma análise detalhada. Este trabalho estuda a fauna de pequenos mamíferos do sítio arqueológico RS-C-61: Adelar Pilger, Município de Harmonia, o qual apresenta evidênci as de ocupação humana contínua ao longo do Holoceno, de cerca de 8.000 anos AP até 3.000 anos AP. A associação fauní stica do sítio está composta por 25 táxons, incluindo cinco marsupiais didelfídeos, 15 roedores cricetídeos e cinco caviomorfos. A maioria dos marsupiais é também encontrada em outros dois sítios próximos, Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues e Sangão. Entre os cricetídeos, Gyldenstolpia, Kunsia e Oxymycterus são registrados pela primeira vez para o Quaternário do Rio Grande do Sul. Por outro lado, a assembleia de caviomorfos do sítio Pilger é menos diversa do que aquelas dos sítios Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues e Sangão. O sítio Pilger inclui tanto pequenos mamíferos de ambientes abertos (e.g. Thylamys, Calomys, Cavia), quanto florestais (Delomys, Sooretamys e Phyllomys), ambientes também indicados pelos dados palinológicos. Três caviomorfos (Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor e Clyomys riograndensis) estão extintos e, em comparação com a fauna recente das florestas estacionais do Rio Grande do Sul, outros três táxons (Gyldenstolpia sp., Kunsia tomentosus e Pseudoryzomys simplex) sofreram extinções regionais.; Despite the increase in knowledge about small mammals from the Holocene of Rio Grande do Sul State and their importance as paleoenviron mental indicators, most assemblages from archaeological sites remains without a detailed analysis. This paper studies the rich small mammals content recovered from the archaeological site RS-C-61: Adelar Pilger, Harmonia, which shows evidence of continuous human occupation throughout the Holocene, from about 8,000 years BP to 3,000 years BP. The assemblage of this site is composed of 25 taxa, including five didelphid marsupials, 15 cricetid and five caviomorph rodents. Most marsupials are also registered in two other sites, Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues and Sangão. Among Cricetidae, Gyldenstolpia, Kunsia and Oxymycterus are first recorded for Quaternary of Rio Grande do Sul State. On the other hand, the caviomorph assemblage of Pilger site is less diverse than those of the Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues and Sangão sites. Pilger site includes both small mammals of open (e.g. Thylamys, Calomys, Cavia) and forest (Delomys, Sooretamys and Phyllomys) environments, also supported by palynological data. Three caviomorph (Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor and Clyomys riograndensis) are extinct and, compared to the recent fauna of seasonal forest of Rio Grande do Sul, three other taxa (Gyldenstolpia sp., Kunsia tomentosus and Pseudoryzomys simplex) suff ered regional extinctions.

Paleogene glyptodontidae propalaehoplophorinae (mammalia, xenarthra) in extra-patagonian areas; Registros paleógenos de glyptodontidae propalaehoplophorinae (xenarthra, cingulata) en áreas extrapatagónicas Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Gonzalez, Laureano Raul; Miño Boilini, Ángel Ramón; Herbst, Rafael; Scillato, Gustavo Juan; Cuaranta, Pedro Los registros paleógenos de Cingulata Glyptodontidae son muy escasos y los mejores conocidos provienen de la actual región patagónica de Argentina. Dos subfamilias han sido descritas: Glyptatelinae y Propalaehoplophorinae. Los registros paleógenos de Propalaehoplophorinae provienen de la localidad El Pajarito (Oligoceno Tardío, SALMA Deseadense), provincia de Chubut, Argentina. Aquí damos a conocer el registro más septentrional de un Propalaehoplophorinae, proveniente de la Formación Fray Bentos (Oligoceno Tardío, SALMA Deseadense) de la localidad Cueva del Tigre, Chajarí, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Desde una perspectiva morfológica, estos restos son casi idénticos con aquellos reportados para El Pajarito. Esto demuestra que durante el Paleógeno la distribución latitudinal de los Propalaehoplophorinae fue mucho mayor a la previamente conocida.; Paleogene records of Cingulata Glyptodontidae are scarce. The only well described comes from the Paleogene of Argentine Patagonia. Two subfamilies have been reported for that period: Glyptatelinae and Propalaehoplophorinae. Until this contribution, the latter taxon was geographically restricted to the locality of El Pajarito (Late Oligocene, Deseadan SALMA), Chubut province, Argentina. Here we present and describe the northernmost record of a Paleogene Propalaehoplophorinae. The material is represented by three associated osteoderms of the dorsal carapace from the Fray Bentos Formation (Late Oligocene, Deseadan SALMA) in the locality of Cueva del Tigre, Chajarí, Entre Ríos province, Argentina. Morphologically, these remains are almost identical to those reported from the late Oligocene of the Patagonian region, showing that during the Paleogene the Propalaehoplophorinae had a larger latitudinal distribution than previously known.

Análisis del confort climático en la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina; Climatic confort analysis in Tandil city, Argentina Picone, Natasha; Campo, Alicia María Los efectos urbanos sobre el clima regional también alteran las condiciones de confort, modificándolas a escala local y microclimática. No existen trabajos sobre esta temática en la ciudad de Tandil, por lo cual el objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar el confort en la ciudad. Se analizaron las condiciones regionales utilizando tres índices de verano y uno de inverno, ya que se considera que las ciudades con clima templado generan mayores condiciones de poco confort en verano que en invierno. Los mismos índices fueron calculados para realizar una comparación urbano-rural de la temática. Además, se estudió particularmente la distribución espacial del Humidex para la estación estival. El resultado fue que la ciudad presentó mejores condiciones de confort climático durante el invierno que el área circundante, mientras que durante la tarde y la noche del verano se presentaron áreas de poca confortabilidad en el norte y en el centro urbano.; Urban effects on regional climate also affect comfort condition modifying it at a local and microclimatic scale. There are not studies about climatic comfort in Tandil city and that is why this article main objective is to study the comfort in the city. Regional comfort conditions were analyzed by using three indexes for summer comfort and one for winter, because temperate climate cities are supposed to generate discomfort condition during summer more than winter. The same three indexes were calculated to develop a rural-urban comparison. By using data from summer measurement, the spatial distribution of the Humidex was studied. The result was that the city had best comfort conditions during winter than surrounding area, while in summer afternoon and night had discomfort in the north and center of the urban area.

Azadinium poporum from the Argentine Continental Shelf, Southwestern Atlantic, produces azaspiracid-2 and azaspiracid-2 phosphate Tillmann, Urban; Borel, Claudia Marcela; Barrera, Facundo Matías; Lara, Ruben Jose; Krock, Bernd; Almandoz, Gaston Osvaldo; Witt, Matthias; Trefault, Nicole The marine dinophycean genus Azadinium has been identified as the primary source of azaspiracids (AZA), a group of lipophilic phycotoxins known to accumulate in shellfish. Blooms of Azadinium in the southern Atlantic off Argentina have been described from the 1990s, but due to a lack of cultures, the diversity of South-Atlantic Azadinium has not yet been fully explored and their toxin production potential is completely unknown. During a spring 2010 research cruise covering the El Rinco´n (ER) estuarine system (North Patagonian coast, Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic) a search was conducted for the presence of Azadinium. Although neither Azadinium cells nor AZA in field plankton samples were detected, 10 clonal strains of Azadinium poporum were successfuly established by incubation of sediment samples. Argentinean A. poporum were more variable in size and shape than the type description but conformed to it by the presence of multiple pyrenoids with starch sheath, in plate pattern and arrangement, and in the position of the ventral pore located on the left side of the pore plate. In contrast to all previous description of A. poporum, isolates of the Argentinean A. poporum possessed a distinct field of pores on the second antapical plate. Conspecificity of the Argentinean isolates with A. poporum was confirmed by molecular phylogeny of concatenated ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, where all Argentinean isolates together with some Chinese A. poporum strains formed a well-supported ribotype clade within A. poporum. All isolates produced AZA with the same profile, consisting of AZA-2 as the major compound and, to a lesser extent, its phosphated form. This is the first report of a phosphated marine algal toxin. This first confirmation of the presence of AZA producing Azadinium in the Argentinean coastal area underlines the risk of AZA shellfish contamination episodes in the Southwestern Atlantic region.

Characterization of a double-CRD-mutated Gal-8 recombinant protein that retains co-stimulatory activity on antigen-specific T-cell response Schroeder, Matías Nicolás; Tribulatti, María Virginia; Carabelli, Julieta; André Leroux, Gwenaëlle; Caramelo, Julio Javier; Cattaneo, Valentina; Campetella, Oscar Eduardo Galectins (Gals) constitute a family of mammalian lectins with affinity for β-galactosides, characterized by the presence of conserved CRDs (carbohydrate-recognition domains). We have found previously that Gal-8, from the tandem-repeat group with two linked CRDs, exerts two separate actions on CD4(+)T-cells: antigen-independent proliferation and, at lower concentration, antigen-specific co-stimulation. Whereas proliferation can be ascribed to the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-8, the co-stimulatory activity of borderline T-cell-specific responses allows the proposal of Gal-8 as an adjuvant in vaccination. To study the relevance of glycan-lectin interaction to these T-cell activities, we generated a double-mutated protein (Gal-8mut) by replacing canonical arginine residues on each CRD, so as to abolish sugar-binding capacity. As expected, Gal-8mut was unable to bind to lactosyl-Sepharose, confirming that lactose recognition was precluded; however, preservation of lectin activity was still evident since Gal-8mut displayed haemoagglutinatory effects and binding capacity to the T-cell surface. To search for glycan affinity, a glycan microarray analysis was conducted which revealed that Gal-8mut lost most low- and intermediate-, but retained high-, affinity interactions, mainly to polylactosamines and blood group antigens. These findings were supported further by molecular modelling. Regarding biological activity, Gal-8mut was unable to induce T-cell proliferation, but efficiently co-stimulated antigen-specific responses, bothin vitroandin vivo.Therefore Gal-8mut represents a useful tool to dissect the specificities of lectin-glycan interactions underlying distinctive Gal-8 activities on T-cell biology. Moreover, given its distinguishing properties, Gal-8mut could be used to enhance borderline immune responses without the non-specific pro-inflammatory activity or other potential adverse effects.

Plasmatic Biochemical Variables Associated with Polymorphisms in the Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-1 Receptor a Genes in Hypertensive Patients: Pilot Study Lassen, Oscar; Herrera, Jimena María; Dotto, Gladys; Ojeda, Silvia; Garutti, Alicia; Bertolotto, Patricia Isolina; Tabares, Sandra; Sembaj, Adela Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, and its activity is mediated by thetype A receptor (EDNRA). This action may play a significant role in the etiology of hypertension.There are different works that shows an association between certain polymorphisms of endothelinaxis and clinical phenotype of hypertension. We describe the genetic variability +138/ex1Short Research ArticleLassen et al.; BJMMR, 11(7): 1-8, 2016; Article no.BJMMR.205202insertion/deletion (I/D) adenosine (A) in the ET-1 gene and polymorphism thymidine/cytosine (T/C)His323His in the EDNRA gene associated at the clinical variability in hypertensive patients.Study Design: Observational, transversal and analytical study.Place and Duration of Study: Hypertension Service at the Internal Medicine Department ofCórdoba Hospital, and Biochemical and Molecular Biology Department in School of Medicine,National University of Cordoba, Argentine. Patients considered hypertensive between April 2009and April 2010.Methodology: Were assessed 136 patients serum lipid profiles, renal and hepatic functions andwere taken Thoracic X-rays, electrocardiograms, and echocardiographs. DNA extracted fromcirculating leukocyte were used to analyze the polymorphisms of genes by PCR-RFLP.Results: For the polymorphisms of Receptor A from Endothelin -1 studied the presence ofcytosine homozygous genotype was less frequent in males (P = .02). For both genders, the samegenotype was associated to low plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and cholesterol levels. Thepresence of thymidine nucleotide allele correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase activity andcholesterol levels. The Thymidine allele correlated with the degree of cardiovascular compromise(r = 0.54, P= .002). For the genetic variant in the ET-1 gene, the homozygous adenine deletionwas associated to normal plasma levels of glutamate/pyruvate transaminase enzyme activity, uricacid concentration, cholesterol, and Low Density Lipoprotein in hypertensive subjects withoutclinical risk.Conclusion: We observed a gender-specific protective effect for EDNRA gene variations, thesubjects that carried the TT genotype presented more aggressive symptomatology. These resultsshow an association between plasmatic biochemical parameters, the clinical condition, andpolymorphisms in the endothelin axis genes.

The global spectrum of plant form and function Díaz, Sandra Myrna; Kattge, Jens; Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Wright, Ian J.; Lavorel, Sandra; Dray, Stéphane; Reu, Björn; Kleyer, Michael; Wirth, Christian; Prentice, I. Colin; Garnier, Eric; Bönisch, Gerhard; Westoby, Mark; Poorter, Hendrik; Reich, Peter B.; Moles, Angela T.; Dickie, John; Gillison, Andrew N.; Zanne, Amy E.; Chave, Jérôme; Wright, S. Joseph; Sheremetev, Serge N.; Jactel, Hervé; Baraloto, Christopher; Cerabolini, Bruno; Pierce, Simon; Shipley, Bill; Kirkup, Donald; Casanoves, Fernando; Joswig, Julia S.; Günther, Angela; Falczuk, Valeria; Rüger, Nadja; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Gorne, Lucas Damián Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinationshave proved evolutionarily viable in today?s terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traitscritical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we foundthat occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Threequartersof trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One majordimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economicsspectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides abackdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improvingmodels that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function.