Famatinian orogen on the South American plate: An introduction Alasino, Pablo Horacio; Casquet, César; Larrovere, Mariano Alexis; Dahlquist, Juan Andrés This Special Issue gathers together a series of contributions related to the Famatinian orogen in the South American plate. This orogen was initially defined in northwestern Argentina by Aceñolaza and Toselli (1976) and is currently understood as a subduction-related accretionary orogen that was formed during the Ordovician. It extends along the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana from Venezuela to Patagonia (Cawood et al., 2009). Magmatism took place mostly between c. 490 and 460 Ma along the entire proto-margin, suggesting global geodynamics as the prime controlling factor. Recently, Rapela et al. (2018) published a detailed isotope-geochemical review of Famatinian magmatism in the Argentinean Sierras Pampeanas where its areal extension is greatest. They concluded that recycling of mainly Mesoproterozoic subconti- nental mantle and mafic lower crust on the one hand, and crustal melting of Early Paleozoic supracrustal rocks on the other, account for most of the magma generation (Cordilleran-type and metamorphic related respectively).

Trabajo voluntario y producción de estatalidades: los/as promotores/as del ProHuerta en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Volunteer work and production of statehood: the promoters of ProHuerta in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (Argemtina Nussbaumer, Beatriz Brigida; Cowan Ros, Carlos Javier; Monzon, Julieta En el contexto de una crisis alimentaria nacional, se inició en 1990 el ProHuerta como Programa alimentario, y rápidamente se constituyó en un emblema de la acción estatal que se sostiene hasta la actualidad. Un aspecto distintivo es que su operatoria se apoya en una amplia red de voluntarios/as –promotores/as- que configuran el último eslabón entre los/as destinatarios/as y el Programa. En este trabajo analizamos la figura del/la voluntario/a y su ambigua posición con relación a la esfera estatal, partícipe en la ejecución de una política pública, pero como “agente no estatal”. En torno a esta figura se delinea un “margen del estado”, en el que la inclusión de sus prácticas supone mecanismos no institucionalizados para garantizar el funcionamiento del Programa por más de 30 años. Para ello, el trabajo analiza la trayectoria del ProHuerta y la estrategia de trabajo con los/as promotores/as; las características socioeconómicas y la integración de este papel en sus estrategias de vida; las motivaciones y representaciones respecto del Programa; y las convergencias y tensiones respecto a su agencia así como los dispositivos de gubernamentalidad que operan para el sostenimiento de una línea institucional. Finalmente reflexionamos sobre el papel de los sujetos subalternos en la producción de estatalidades. El diseño de investigación se basa en un estudio de caso cuya unidad empírica es el ProHuerta del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. El abordaje articula el método cuantitativo y cualitativo, en base a una encuesta realizada a 111 promotores/as del AMBA, entrevistas en profundidad a técnicos/as y promotores/as y otras fuentes revisadas.; In the context of a national food crisis, ProHuerta was launched in 1990 as a food program, and quickly became an emblem of state action that has been sustained to the present day. A distinctive aspect is that its operation is supported by a wide network of volunteers -promoters- who form the last link between the beneficiaries and the Program. In this paper we analyze the figure of the volunteer and his/her ambiguous position in relation to the state sphere, as a participant in the execution of a public policy, but as a "non-state agent". A "margin of the state" is delineated around this figure, in which the inclusion of his/her practices implies noninstitutionalized mechanisms to guarantee the operation of the Program for more than 30 years. For this purpose, the paper analyzes the trajectory of ProHuerta and the work strategy with the promoters; the socioeconomic characteristics and the integration of this role in their life strategies; the motivations and representations regarding the Program; and the convergences and tensions regarding their agency as well as the governmentality devices that operate to sustain an institutional line. Finally, we reflect on the role of subaltern subjects in the production of statehoods. The research design is based on a case study whose empirical unit is the ProHuerta of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. The approach articulates the quantitative and qualitative method, based on a survey of 111 promoters of the AMBA, in-depth interviews with technicians and promoters and other sources reviewed.

Plant volatiles guide the new pest Dichelops furcatus to feed on corn seedlings Jacobi, Vanesa Gisela; Fernandez, Patricia Carina; Barriga, Lucía Guadalupe; Almeida Alvin, Eliete; Abad, Sergio Fernando; Zavala, Jorge Alberto BACKGROUND: Recently, in temperate and neotropical regions of South America the generalist stink bug Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) became a new pest of corn (Zea mays) seedlings. Implementation of no-tillage cultivation system left organic matter covering the soil, which shelters adults of stink bugs during winter. In spring, corn is sowed under soybean stubble and D. furcatus adults start to feed on seedlings. To determine corn-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that attract this stink bug species, we evaluated stink bug preferences from two corn hybrids with contrast germplasm backgrounds, a temperate and a tropical hybrid. RESULTS: Stink bugs preferred to feed on temperate seedlings rather than on the tropical ones. GC?MS and PCA analysis of VOCs suggested that hybrids emitted contrasting blends. Linalool represented 68% of total VOCs emitted from temperate corn, while in the tropical hybrid this compound represented 48%. Olfactometer experiments demonstrated that linalool was attractive to stink bugs. However, 2 h of D. furcatus attack induced emission of 14 additional VOCs in temperate seedlings, and olfactometer bioassay and blend of VOCs emission suggested that perceived volatiles by stink bugs induced feeding avoidance. The increment of VOCs emission was associated with the induction of JA, JA-Ile, ABA, and IAA, and decreasing of SA concentrations. CONCLUSION: This is the first time showing a complete profile of defensive phytohormones induced by stink bugs feeding on corn, and further demonstrating that a blend of corn seedling-associated VOCs, mainly composed by linalool, modulates D. furcatus adults´ behavior and feeding preferences.

Caso complejo de parentesco biológico Martínez, María de Los Ángeles; Larroza, Silvana Beatriz; Acevedo, Raúl Maximiliano; Gimenez, Yenhy Anabel; Zimmermann, Maria Carla El ADN no codificante, es decir, la fracción del material genético que no codifica proteínas, varía entre personas y se transmite de padres a hijos, por lo cual se utiliza de forma habitual para identificar personas o vínculos biológicos entre ellas. En el presente trabajo, se expone un caso familiar analizado en el Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, en el cual se propuso investigar los vínculos de paternidad entre los integrantes, sugiriendo relaciones consanguíneas y ocurrencia de incesto. Los individuos que participaron en el estudio son dos hermanos, los cuales nombraremos C y SA, y dos hijas reconocidas de SA y sus correspondientes hijos: E con su hijo MA, y A con su hijo MG. La pericia tuvo como objetivo determinar si los perfiles genéticos de C y de SA eran compatibles con el vínculo de paternidad biológica respecto de MA y MG.La metodología utilizada consistió en extracción orgánica del ADN total presente en muestras de hisopado bucal como referencia de cada uno de los participantes. Luego se amplificaron marcadores moleculares convencionales mediante PCR multiplex y se analizaron los resultados mediante electroforesis capilar. Se concluyó la exclusión de la existencia de vínculo de paternidad biológica de SA y C respecto de MG y MA. Además, se evidenció la exclusión del vínculo de paternidad biológica de SA respecto de E y de A, y se observó la inclusión del vínculo de paternidad biológica de C respecto de E y de A.Aquí demostramos que en casos de incesto y endogamia familiar se potencia la homogeneidad del material genético, lo cual aumenta el riesgo de expresión de enfermedades recesivas al potenciar la homocigosis y debilita la claridad en el establecimiento de vínculos biológicos al impactar en los cálculos de probabilidad y en la certidumbre de los mismos.

Gene expression and in vitro replication of bovine gammaherpesvirus type 4 Romeo, Florencia; Louge Uriarte, Enrique Leopoldo; Gonzalez Altamiranda, Erika Analia; Delgado, Santiago Germán; Pereyra, Susana Beatriz; Morán, Pedro Edgardo; Odeón, Anselmo Carlos; Perez, Sandra; Verna, Andrea Elizabeth In vitro cell cultures are widely used models for dissecting cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to certain physiological conditions and diseases. The pathogenesis of BoHV-4 in the bovine reproductive tract has been studied by conducting tests on primary cultures. However, many questions remain to be answered about the role of BoHV-4 in endometrial cells. The aim of this study was to compare the replication and gene expression of BoHV-4 in cell lines and bovine reproductive tract primary cells as an in vitro model for the study of this virus. We demonstrated that BoHV-4 strains differ in their in vitro growth kinetics and gene expression but have the same cell type preference. Our results demonstrate that BoHV-4 replicates preferentially in bovine endometrial cells (BEC). However, its replication capacity extends to various cell types, since all cells that were tested were permissive to BoHV-4 infection. The highest virus titers were obtained in BEC cells. Nevertheless, virus replication efficiency could not be fully predicted from the mRNA expression profiles. This implies that there are multiple cell-type-dependent factors and strain properties that determine the level of BoHV-4 replication. The results of this study provide relevant information about the in vitro behavior of two field isolates of BoHV-4 in different cell cultures. These findings may be useful for the design of future in vitro experiments to obtain reliable results not only about the pathogenic role of BoHV-4 in the bovine female reproductive tract but also in the development of efficient antiviral strategies.

Seeing through the static: the temporal dimension of plant–animal mutualistic interactions CaraDonna, Paul J.; Burkle, Laura A.; Schwarz, Benjamin; Resasco, Julian; Knight, Tiffany M.; Benadi, Gita; Blüthgen, Nico; Dormann, Carsten F.; Fang, Qiang; Fründ, Jochen; Gauzens, Benoit; Kaiser Bunbury, Christopher N.; Winfree, Rachael; Vazquez, Diego P. Most studies of plant–animal mutualistic networks have come from a temporally static perspective. This approach has revealed general patterns in network structure, but limits our ability to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape these networks and to predict the consequences of natural and human-driven disturbance on species interactions. We review the growing literature on temporal dynamics of plant–animal mutualistic networks including pollination, seed dispersal and ant defence mutualisms. We then discuss potential mechanisms underlying such variation in interactions, ranging from behavioural and physiological processes at the finest temporal scales to ecological and evolutionary processes at the broadest. We find that at the finest temporal scales (days, weeks, months) mutualistic interactions are highly dynamic, with considerable variation in network structure. At intermediate scales (years, decades), networks still exhibit high levels of temporal variation, but such variation appears to influence network properties only weakly. At the broadest temporal scales (many decades, centuries and beyond), continued shifts in interactions appear to reshape network structure, leading to dramatic community changes, including loss of species and function. Our review highlights the importance of considering the temporal dimension for understanding the ecology and evolution of complex webs of mutualistic interactions.

Cuenta la gota: Integración de saberes en clave de indagación escolar. Ciclo básico de la educación secundaria Lo Curto, Florencia; Cugini, Ana; Unsain, Nicolas En esta publicación encontrarán opciones didácticas posibles de desarrollar en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales desde una perspectiva que pone el foco en la integración curricular de saberes disciplinares, tradicionalmente enseñados y aprendidos en forma independiente.

How do habitat amount and habitat fragmentation drive time-delayed responses of biodiversity to land-use change? Semper Pascual, Asunción; Burton, Cole; Baumann, Matthias; Decarre, Julieta; Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio; Gomez Valencia, Bibiana; Macchi, Leandro; Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique; Pötzschner, Florian; Zelaya, Patricia Viviana; Kuemmerle, Tobias Land-use change is a root cause of the extinction crisis, but links between habitat change and biodiversity loss are not fully understood. While there is evidence that habitat loss is an important extinction driver, the relevance of habitat fragmentation remains debated. Moreover, while time delays of biodiversity responses to habitat transformation are well-documented, time-delayed effects have been ignored in the habitat loss versus fragmentation debate. Here, using a hierarchical Bayesian multi-species occupancy framework, we systematically tested for time-delayed responses of bird and mammal communities to habitat loss and to habitat fragmentation. We focused on the Argentine Chaco, where deforestation has been widespread recently. We used an extensive field dataset on birds and mammals, along with a time series of annual woodland maps from 1985 to 2016 covering recent and historical habitat transformations. Contemporary habitat amount explained bird and mammal occupancy better than past habitat amount. However, occupancy was affected more by the past rather than recent fragmentation, indicating a time-delayed response to fragmentation. Considering past landscape patterns is therefore crucial for understanding current biodiversity patterns. Not accounting for land-use history ignores the possibility of extinction debt and can thus obscure impacts of fragmentation, potentially explaining contrasting findings of habitat loss versus fragmentation studies.

Seis interludios autobiográficos | Seis susurros performativos: Tramas que sentidizan pedagogías de los gestos vitales; Six autobiographical interludes. Six performative whispers. Plots that sense pedagogies of vital gestures Porta Vazquez, Luis Gabriel El artículo recupera, a partir de la propia vida narrada, de una identidad narrativa y de una condición de intimidad en términos autobiográficos, la puesta en acto autonarrada de lo que denomino “el cultivo de algunos gestos” que hablan acerca de cómo aprendí el oficio de acompañamiento en la dirección de tesis. Esa vida narrada da cuenta de una posición ontopolítica y estética con respecto a los sentidos otorgados a la investigación y, en este caso particular, el lugar de acompañamiento del director. Esa vida narrada en términos de socialidades, temporalidades y territorialidades sentidiza momentos y discontinuidades marcados como formas que necesitamos para hacer más vivible el mundo y ponen de manifiesto no solo el oficio, sino también la posición de ser-estar-en-el-mundo. Esas escalas que entraman componentes de mundos (des)conocidos vinculan estas pequeñas historias con los grandes relatos. En este trabajo, presentaré seis interludios autobiográficos que operan como sentidizadores, como susurros performativos que nos permiten encontrar ligazones vitales que definen unas pedagogías de los gestos en el proceso de acompañamiento y formación doctoral. Presentaré seis (dis)continuidades autobiográficas a modo de interludios narrativos para luego co-componer susurros incómodos como sujetos sintientes que somos, como un movimiento que descompone no solo el campo pedagógico, sino el de la experiencia en términos estéticos, éticos y políticos.; The article recovers, from the narrated life itself, a narrative identity and a condition of intimacy in autobiographical terms, the self-enactment of what I call “the cultivation of some gestures” that speak about how I learned the trade of accompaniment in the direction of thesis. This narrated life shows an ontopolitical and aesthetic position with respect to the meanings given to the investigation and, in this particular case, the director's place of accompaniment. That life narrated in terms of socialities, temporalities and territorialities senses moments and discontinuities marked as forms that we need to make the world more livable and reveal, not only the job, but also the position of being-being-in-the-world. Those scales that involve components of (un) known worlds link these little stories with the great stories. In this paper, I will present six autobiographical interludes that operate as sentimentalists, as performative whispers that allow us to find vital links that define pedagogies of gestures in the process of accompaniment and doctoral training. I will present six autobiographical (dis) continuities as narrative interludes to later co-compose uncomfortable whispers as sentient subjects that we are, as a movement that de-composes not only the pedagogical field, but also that of experience in aesthetic, ethical and political terms.; Este artigo recupera, a partir da própria vida narrada, de uma identidade narrativa e de uma condição de intimidade em termos autobiográficos o que denomino “ o cultivo de alguns gestos” que falam sobre como aprendi a formação de acompanhamento na direção de teses. Essa vida narrada, evidencia uma posição ontopolítica e estética a respeito dos sentidos outorgados à investigação e, nesse caso em particular, o lugar de acompanhamento do diretor. Essa vida narrada, e termos de sociabilidade, temporalidades e territorialidades dá sentido a momentos e descontinuidades marcadas como formas que precisamos para fazer mais vívido o mundo e põe de manifesto, além da formação profissional, também a posição de ser e estar no mundo. Essas escalas que emaranham componentes de mundos (des) conhecidos vinculam essas pequenas histórias com os grandes relatos. Neste trabalho, apresentarei seis interlúdios autobiográficos que funcionam como dadores de sentidos, como sussurros performativos que nos permitem encontrar ligação vital que define uma pedagogia dos gestos no processo de acompanhamento e formação de doutorado. Apresentarei seis (dis) continuidades autobiográficas como interlúdios narrativos para depois compor sussurros que incomodem como sujeitos de sentir que somos, como um movimento que descompõe não só no contexto pedagógico, mas também no contexto da experiência em termos estéticos, éticos e políticos.

Developmentalism and territory: three transport infrastructures in Santa Fe (Argentina, 1957-1971) as case studies; Desarrollismo y territorio: tres infraestructuras de transporte en Santa Fe (Argentina, 1957-1971) como casos de estudio; Desenvolvimento e território: três infraestruturas de transporte em Santa Fe (Argentina, 1957-1971) como estudos de caso Costa, Camila This study aims to recognize the elements that make up the notion of technological determinism and the power (in a political sense) of technologies in the transformation of a given area. Three major infrastructure projects are addressed, understood as technological artifacts, built in the 1960s, that consolidated the physiognomy of the corridor of National Route 168 —Santa Fe city, Argentina—. The hypothesis that guides the study assumes that infrastructures and their materiality have influenced the transformation of the territory that contains them, specifically in the Santa Fe-Paraná metropolitan area. The cases addressed —two bridges and a subfluvial tunnel— were analyzed through the recognition of their construction systems, architectural aspects —if any— and production conditions. Concrete as the predominant material turns out to be, not only the condition of possibility to experience the territory, but also, a constituent part of it. It is considered that the context of production of the works —developmental model— and the level of appropriation and assessment achieved, are fundamental aspects to understand the notion of technological determinism in these infrastructures.; Este estudio tiene como objetivo reconocer los elementos que conforman la noción de determinismo tecnológico y el poder —en un sentido político— de las tecnologías en la transformación de un área determinada. Se abordan tres grandes proyectos de infraestructura, entendidos como artefactos tecnológicos, construidos en la década de 1960, que consolidaron la fisonomía del corredor de la ruta nacional no. 168 —ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina—. La hipótesis que guía el estudio supone que las infraestructuras y su materialidad han influido en la transformación del territorio que las contiene, específicamente en el área metropolitana constituida entre las ciudades cabeceras de Santa Fe —provincia de Santa Fe— y Paraná —provincia de Entre Ríos—. Los casos abordados —dos puentes y un túnel subfluvial— se analizaron mediante el reconocimiento de sus sistemas constructivos, sus aspectos arquitectónicos —si los hubiera— y sus condiciones de producción. El hormigón como material predominante resulta ser, no solo la condición de posibilidad para experimentar el territorio, sino también, una parte constitutiva del mismo. Se considera que el contexto de producción de las obras —modelo desarrollista— y los niveles de apropiación y valoración alcanzados son aspectos fundamentales para comprender la noción de determinismo tecnológico en estas infraestructuras.; Este estudo possui como objetivo reconhecer os elementos que conformam a noção do determinismo tecnológico e do poder —em um sentido político— das tecnologias na transformação de uma área específica. Três grandes projetos de infraestrutura são abordados, entendidos como artefatos tecnológicos, construídos na década de 1960, que consolidaram o surgimento do corredor da rodoviária nacional nº 168 —Santa Fé, Argentina—. A hipótese que norteia o estudo pressupõe que as infraestruturas e sua materialidade tenham influenciado a transformação do território que as contém, especificamente na região metropolitana constituída entre as principais cidades de Santa Fé —estado de Santa Fé— e Paraná —estado de Entre Ríos—. Os casos abordados —duas pontes e um túnel subfluvial— foram analisados através do reconhecimento de seus sistemas construtivos, seus aspectos arquitetônicos —se houver— e suas condições de produção. O concreto como material predominante acaba sendo, não apenas a condição de possibilidade de experimentar o território, mas também uma parte constituinte dele. Considera-se que o contexto de produção das obras —modelo de desenvolvimento— e os níveis de apropriação e valorização alcançados são aspectos fundamentais para a compreensão da noção de determinismo tecnológico nessas infraestruturas.

La imposibilidad metafísica de la positividad del mal en Francisco Suárez. Un estudio de caso según las fuentes: Agustín de Hipona, Dionisio Areopagita y Tomás de Aquino; The metaphysics impossibility of the malice´s positivity according to Francis Suarez. an study of information sources: Augustine of Hippo, Dionysius the Areopagite, Thomas Aquinas Mendoza, José María Felipe Francisco Suárez expone su comprensión metafísica sobre la maldad en las D.M. XI. Allí sostiene la imposibilidad de la existencia del mal como principio positivo de los entes o como su atributo. En cualquiera de los casos queda clara la ausencia de un tratamiento reflexivo sobre el mal metafísico en la filosofía griega (XI, I, 2), y por contraposición, la presencia especulativa de este tópico en el cristianismo de la época patrística y la herencia de sus tesis en la escolástica medieval previa a la condena parisina de 1277 (XI, I, 13). El entendimiento de Suárez traza el mentado itinerario deteniéndose en tres autoridades de modo particular y que aquí consideraremos con detalle: Agustín de Hipona, Dionisio Areopagita y Tomás de Aquino.; Francis Suárez shows his metaphysical comprehension about the malice in the D.M. XI. In this particular case, he mainteins the impossibility of wickedness´ existence like a positive principle or like an attribute of ens. In such cases it is clearly stated the absence of a treatment reflexive on the metaphysical malice in the Greek Philosophy (XI, I, 2) and quite the contrary, the speculative presence of this topic in the Early Christianity and their legacy in Medieval and Scholastic Philosophy before to Parisian Condemnation in 1277 (XI, I, 13). Therefore, Suarez chart a way forward according to the statement of D.M. XI with three leading figures: Augustine of Hippo, Dionysius the Areopagite and Thomas Aquinas.

Gentianaceae Filippa, Eva María; Barboza, Gloria Estela Se realiza la revisión florística de la Familia Gentianaceae para Argentina. Se describen 12 géneros y 45 especies; se proveen claves diferenciales, láminas, distribución geográfica y sinonimia.

Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies in Latin America Karp, Paola Julieta; Gatto, Matías Iván; Batto, María Victoria; Ferrero, Sol; Helguera, Gustavo Fernando Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are complex glycoproteins produced by B-cells against foreign substances as part of the adaptive immune response [1, 2]. The invention of the hybridoma technology in 1975 by Köhler and Milstein allowed the production of monoclonal antibodies with a desired specificity from a unique clone of B cells [3]. In contrast to polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies are homogeneous, monospecific, and could be produced in unlimited quantities in the laboratory. Since they can be directed against almost any molecular epitope, monoclonal antibodies were early adopted as a diagnostic tool, but took more than a decade until the approval of Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone Okt3®), which is the first monoclonal antibody developed with the hybridoma technology commercialized for therapeutic use [4]. However, since antibodies from hybridoma technology have only murine sequences, in human patients they exhibited limited effector function [5], were immunogenic inducing anti-mouse antibodies, and had a significantly reduced half-life [6]. Therefore, it was not until the development of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in the 1980s and 1990s that a new era of biologic therapy began, with the chimerical [7], humanized [8] and fully human antibodies [9]. Each step involved the gradual replacement of murine segments of the antibody sequence by the corresponding human sequence: in chimeric antibodies the constant region was replaced, and in humanized antibodies, the framework flanking the complementarity-determining regions and the constant region were replaced, and in human monoclonal antibodies the whole sequence is human. Further engineering allowed their customization, creating variants in valence, size, effector functions and with the conjugation of compounds for delivery to targeted cell types such as cancer.

Towards adaptive water governance in South America: lessons from water crises in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay Trimble, Micaela; Campello Torres, Pedro Henrique; Jacobi, Pedro Roberto; Dias Tadeu, Natalia; Salvadores, Franco José; Mac Donnell, Lara; Olivier, Tomas; Giordano, Gabriel; Alonso Paixão dos Anjos, Lidiane; Santana Chaves, Igor Matheus; Pascual, Miguel Alberto; Mazzeo, Nestor; Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel Similar to the whole world, South America faces numerous water-related crises and challenges (e.g. water quantity and quality scarcity) due to climate change, land use, governance systems, and other such factors. This chapter deals with water governance in South America, specifically Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. The objective was to analyse the recent water crises in three watersheds in terms of their consequences on drinking water supply—turbidity in the Chubut river (Patagonia, Argentina) in 2017, drought in the Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí river basins (São Paulo, Brazil) in 2014–2015, and algal blooms in the Laguna del Sauce lake (Maldonado, Uruguay) in 2015—and the lessons learned. The methods used included semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and document analyses. The consequences of the crises were diverse and included enhanced communication among actors at multiple levels (Argentinian and Uruguayan cases), incorporation of climate components in the basin management plan (Brazilian case), and emergence of social mistrust regarding the quality of drinking water (Uruguayan case). We discuss the findings in light of the need for adaptive and anticipatory water governance in the context of climate change and uncertainty.

Weyla santuccii n. sp. (Bivalvia, Pectinidae) from the Pogibshi Formation, south-central Alaska, the oldest species known of the genus in western North America Damborenea, Susana Ester; Blodgett, Robert B.; Hodges, Montana S.; Hodges, Christopher L. Species of the pectinid genus Weyla s.l. were previously reported from several localities in Alaska, where they have a wide age range within the Early Jurassic. This paper provides a full description and discussion of the new species Weyla santuccii, believed to be the oldest of the group. It occurs in Early Jurassic marine sedimentary and volcanic deposits in the July member of the informally named Pogibshi formation on the Kenai Peninsula southwest of Seldovia, Alaska. The Pogibshi formation is assigned to the accreted Peninsular terrane of southern Alaska, and the middle July member is an understudied fossiliferous unit, perhaps encompassing the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (TJB). A paleontological and geochronological search for the TJB has resulted in the new record of the Early Jurassic (Hettangian) pectinid bivalve Weyla, as well as other marine invertebrates, including solitary stylophyllid scleractinian corals, and the gastropod Pleurotomaria. These fossils are significant because they are among the oldest known Jurassic megafossil occurrences in Alaska. Biochronology of ammonites and isotopic dating of detrital zircons confirm the middle Hettangian age of the Weyla, with a maximum depositional age of 200.5 ±2.5 ±1.8 Ma.

A green and reusable catalytic system based on silicopolyoxotungstovanadates incorporated in a polymeric material for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones Frenzel, Romina Alejandra; Palermo, Valeria; Sathicq, Angel Gabriel; Elsharif, Asma M.; Luque, Rafael; Pizzio, Luis Rene; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo Two vanadium-containing Keggin silicopolyoxotungsto compounds K5SiVW11O40 and K6SiV2W10O40 were synthesized and characterized. They were incorporated in a superporous hydrogel constitute by prop-2-enamide and propenoic acid as initial monomers and bis-acrylamide as cross-linking moiety. Materials were characterized by several techniques. According to FTIR and 51V MAS-NMR, the (SiVxW12-xO40)(4+x)- anions are the main species present in the hybrid materials. Additionally, they do not decompose during the preparation of the composite. XRD and SEM-EDX results suggest that (SiVxW12-xO40)(4+x)- anions were well dispersed in the support or present as amorphous phases. These materials were evaluated as catalysts in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones, using an eco-friendly oxidant and mild reaction conditions. The hybrid materials with higher content of the heteropoly compound displayed a remarkable catalytic behaviour in the oxidation of diphenyl sulfide. Materials also exhibited a stable catalytic performance through consecutive reuses. Optimum reaction parameters established were subsequently translated to the oxidation of a sulfide of interest (dapsone) due to its pharmacological activities.

Escuelas y carreras de formación superior en cine y audiovisual en la Patagonia: procesos históricos y ámbitos formativos emergentes; Higher education degrees in cinema and audiovisual media in patagonia: historical processes and emerging training areas Flores, Silvana Noelia; Kejner, Julia Elena En las últimas décadas, se han abierto en diversas partes de Argentina carreras terciarias y universitarias vinculadas al audiovisual. En este artículo nos interesa indagar acerca del desarrollo de ese proceso en las diferentes provincias que componen la región patagónica, que no solamente permitió la formación de cineastas por fuera de centros geográfico-políticos como Buenos Aires, sino que además alentó la producción cinematográfica regional. Para ello identificamos tres momentos del proceso de desarrollo histórico de instituciones educativas en la región: 1) de 1960 a 1989, caracterizado por una oferta vinculada al audiovisual, pero con escasa o nula formación específica, 2) de 1990 a 2009, momento en el que emergen las primeras carreras específicas de estudio de cine y audiovisual, pero concentradas en una sola provincia y, 3) de 2010 a 2020, decenio en el que proliferan los espacios de educación, garantizando, al menos, una institución por cada provincia de la región. Hipotetizamos que este crecimiento de las instituciones educativas está vinculado a la posibilidad de autorrepresentación identitaria; a la necesidad de dinamizar la economía regional; y a la ejecución de políticas nacionales y subnacionales tendientes a descentralizar y promocionar la actividad.; Over the past decades, tertiary and university degrees related to audiovisual media have been created in Argentina. This article is interested in inquiring about this process in the provinces that constitute Patagonia, which has not only provided new filmmaker courses outside geographic-political centers such as Buenos Aires, but it has also encouraged regional film production. Thus, we identified three moments in the process of historical development of educational institutions in the region: 1) from 1960 to 1989, characterized by an offer linked to audiovisual production, but with minimal or no specific training, 2) from 1990 to 2009, when the first specific film and audiovisual study courses emerged, but concentrated in only one province and, 3) from 2010 to 2020, a decade in which educational spaces proliferated, guaranteeing at least one institution for each province of the region. We hypothesize that this growth in educational institutions is linked to the need to boost the regional economy, and to the execution of national and sub-national policies aimed at decentralizing and promoting the activity.

¿Qué se esconde tras los deseos para la democracia?: Una aproximación empírica a las subjetividades político-ideológicas contemporáneas; What is hidden behind the desires for democracy?: An empirical approach to contemporary political-ideological subjectivities Cuesta, Micaela; Villarreal, Pablo Mariano En este artículo nos proponemos rastrear algunas de las huellas que han dejado casi cuatro décadas de neoliberalismo en las subjetividades contemporáneas. En particular, nuestro objetivo es analizar los discursos que se manifiestan en contra del antagonismo político en Argentina (la “grieta”) y las representaciones de la democracia que de ellos se desprenden. Para ello, hemos realizado un trabajo de campo de corte cualitativo en una localidad situada al sur de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina), con el objetivo de relevar las percepciones sobre los problemas de la democracia actual. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que detrás de los “deseos para la democracia”, es posible encontrar dos pulsiones contrapuestas: una antidemocrática y otra democrática. Ambas difieren, sobre todo, por el lugar e importancia que le otorgan al orden, al conflicto social, a la desigualdad y a la autonomía.; In this article, we analyze some of the traces that almost four decades of neoliberalism have left on contemporary subjectivities. In particular, our objective is to analyze the discourses against the political antagonism in Argentina (the so called “grieta”) and the representations of democracy that emerge from them. For this, we carried out a qualitative field work in a town located in the south of Córdoba (Argentina), in order to survey the perceptions about the current democracies problems. Our findings suggest that behind the “wishes for democracy”, it is possible to find two opposing drives: one anti-democratic and the other democratic. Both differ, above all, by the place and importance they give to order, social conflict, inequality and autonomy.

Exploration by Shake-the-Box technique of the 3D perturbation induced by a bubble rising in a thin-gap cell Pavlov, Lucas Alejo; Cazin, Sébastien; Ern, Patricia; Roig, Véronique Abstract: From Lagrangian measurements using the Shake-the-Box technique (Schanz et al. in Exp Fluids 57(5):70, 2016) we investigate the velocity field about a single bubble rising in a thin-gap cell and we discuss it in an Eulerian framework of analysis. The gap thickness is equal to 2.85 mm and the bubble-induced perturbation extends over at least 10 cm in the plane of the cell, so that a very flat volume of observation is required. At first validation of the technique is provided during an emptying of the cell. It allows to fix all methodological parameters to ensure accurate measurements and, indirectly, to measure precisely the gap thickness. Then, the velocity field about a confined high-Reynolds number bubble is investigated. This velocity field is discussed in comparison with a previous description obtained by two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (2D2C-PIV) with volume enlightening of the whole cell (Roig et al. in J Fluid Mech 707:444?466, 2012; Filella et al. in J Fluid Mech 778:60?88, 2015). Velocity is first averaged over the gap and compared to the 2D2C-PIV measurement obtained from tomo-reconstructed and projected frontal images. Then a 3D description of the velocity field is presented. It allows to discuss the quality and limitations of the 2D description of the wake with a velocity field integrated across the cell. In particular, the 3D description obtained from STB shows that the flow becomes mainly parallel to the cell plates at a distance of approximately one bubble diameter and that the wake is organised in slices parallel to the plates moving with their own dynamics that may vary their relative in-plane orientations, but all follow the general exponential viscous law of decay.

Trabajo y racismo, territorios y autonomías: Ensayo sobre las luchas wichí en Argentina Boffa, Natalia Cuando hablamos de las luchas wichí en Argentina, nos referimos a procesos que se producen en el norte del país, especialmente en la región chaqueña de las provincias de Salta, Formosa y Chaco. Estos procesos suelen ser heterogéneos y abiertos, pero contienen anclajes comunes y compartidos. En la breve entrevista publicada en el boletín anterior realizada a Ulises Fernández (en Lao y Alkmin, 2021) aparecieron algunos de estos anclajes sobre los que me gustaría explayarme para aunarlo o ponerlo en tensión con otras entrevistas y observaciones realizadas a lo largo de trabajos de campo que he realizado en Salta desde hace unos años atrás. Sobre todo, me interesa dejar planteados una serie de interrogantes para reflexiones futuras.