Measurements of Wgamma and Zgamma production in pp collisions at sqrt{s}= 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; González Silva, María Laura; Otero y Garzon, Gustavo Javier; Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor; Romeo, Gaston Leonardo; Alonso, Francisco; Anduaga, Xabier Sebastian; Dova, Maria Teresa; Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel; Tripiana, Martin Fernando; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhuravlov, V.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Živković, L.; Zmouchko, V. V.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Nedden, M. zur; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; The ATLAS Collaboration The integrated and differential fiducial cross sections for the production of a W or Z boson in association with a high-energy photon are measured using pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV. The analyses use a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb^{-1} collected by the ATLAS detector during the 2011 LHC data-taking period. Events are selected using leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons (W(e nu,mu nu) and Z(e+ e-, mu+ mu-, nu nubar)) with the requirement of an associated isolated photon. The data are used to test the electroweak sector of the Standard Model and search for evidence for new phenomena. The measurements are used to probe the anomalous WWgamma, ZZgamma and Zgammagamma triple-gauge-boson couplings and to search for the production of vector resonances decaying to Zgamma and Wgamma. No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and limits are placed on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings and on the production of new vector meson resonances.

Aspectos erotéticos del «hibridismo» de Mendel; Erotetic aspects of Mendel’s «hibrydism» Lorenzano, Pablo Julio El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar, en la línea sugerida por Nickles (1980, 1981) y desarrollada por Sintonen (1985, 1996), no sólo que el «enfoque de resolución de problemas» y el «enfoque de teorías» no son contrapuestos, sino que este último, mediante la versión de la concepción semántica de las teorías conocida bajo el nombre de «estructuralismo metateórico», puede ser utilizado para aportar precisión al enfoque de resolución de problemas, a través de la caracterización más precisa del contexto teórico en el que se plantean los problemas y, de este modo, de su individuación e historia, pudiéndose así distinguir dos tipos de «cambio problemático»: «cambio en un problema» y «cambio de problema». Para ello, se presentará dicha propuesta y luego será aplicada al caso del «hibridismo» de Mendel.; The aim of this paper is to show, in the line suggested by Nickles (1980, 1981) and developed by Sintonen (1985, 1996), not just that the «problem-solving approach» and the «theory approach» are not incompatible, but also that the latter, in the version of the semantic conception of theories known as «structuralist view», can be used to give precision to the problem-solving approach, by a more precise characterization of the theoretical context in which problems arise and, in this way, to their individuation and history, distinguishing two types of «problem change»: «change in a problem» and «change of a problem». In order to do this, it will be presented a proposal that will be applied to Mendel’s «hybridism».

Paleoenvironment of the Toropí Formation (Upper Pleistocene), Corrientes province (Mesopotamian region, Argentina): A phytolith approach Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita Luisa; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Francia, Analia; Carlini, Alfredo Armando Two Pleistocene sedimentary units are recognized in the Corrientes province, Argentina: the Toropí and Yupoí formations. These sediments have proven productive for fossil vertebrates, but few macrofossils have been recovered. To remedy this situation, plant silica (phytoliths) were extracted from the sediments, enabling a direct comparison of paleovegetation data and information based on previous study of vertebrates. The studied samples (n = 28) come from two profiles from the Toropí Stream (28°36'S; 59°02'W), near Bella Vista, Corrientes, from which two Quaternary mammals, Lestodon (Xenarthra) and Hippocamelus (Artiodactyla), have previously been excavated. All samples were productive and contained both non-plant biogenic silica (diatoms, sponge spicular, chrysophyte cysts) and phytoliths. Phytolith assemblages were dominated by morphotypes diagnostic of grasses, in particular C 3 pooids, C 4 chloridoids, and C 3 or C 4 panicoids (or related grasses in the PACMAD clade). Rare phytoliths of palms and other woody or herbaceous dicotyledonous angiosperms were also present. This combination of C 3 and C 4 grasses, and rare palms and other forest indicators, indicates grass-dominated habitats with groves with palms and other trees/shrubs along rivers, growing under a relatively warm and dry climate. This mixed plant community reflects shifting biogeographic affinity with the Chaco-Pampean plain and inter-tropical regions, respectively, linked to the frequent climatic-environmental fluctuations during the Late Pleistocene. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.

The exotic shrub Rosa rubiginosa as a nurse plant. Implications for the restoration of disturbed temperate forests in Patagonia, Argentina Svriz, Maya; Damascos, Maria Angélica; Schaumberg, Heike; Hensen, Isabell Facilitation of forest native species under exotic nurse plants may differ between climatic regions and microsites. Recruitment of other exotic species should be taken into account when areas invaded by exotic shrubs are considered for forest restoration. Natural regeneration of native and exotic species and survival of planted native saplings under the deciduous exotic Rosa rubiginosa (shrub microsite = SM) and in open microsites (OM) were studied in preexisting shrublands of mesic and wet regions in North Patagonia. Light levels, soil chemical composition and seasonal variation of soil moisture were analyzed in SM and OM and the content of N and C was compared between mature and senescent R. rubiginosa leaves. In the SM, native species received less light and soils had higher C:N rate and moisture in spring than in the OM. R. rubiginosa reabsorbs this nutrient before leaves fall. Natural native forest species recruitment occurred only in the SM. In shrublands of the mesic region native species richness and abundance increased under bigger nurse plants. In the wet region, where herbivory was higher, moderate climatic conditions allowed greater species richness and abundance than in the mesic region, independently of the nurse plant volume. The height of the exotic shrub and the protected species showed a positive and negative relationship in the mesic and wet region, respectively. Exotic species grew under 5-15% of the nurse plants (n= 60). Survival of planted saplings, shoot resprouting and herbivore-related mortality were highest in the SM and in wet regions. Sapling mortality due to drying out was highest in the OM of the mesic region. It is possible for forest restoration in areas previously invaded by R. rubiginosa to achieve highly positive results in mesic regions where plants are protected from desiccation. In areas with moderate climatic conditions, facilitation against herbivores has beneficial initial effects, but as the nurse plant competes with taller native individuals, forest restoration would depend on effective control of the nurse plant biomass. In both areas other exotic species would be well represented in the long term. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

The “soy-ization” of Argentina: The dynamics of the “globalized” privatization regime in a peripheral context Delvenne, Pierre; Vasen, Federico; Vara, Ana María Based on extensive fieldwork conducted with actors from public, private and associative sectors, we explore the expansion of genetically modified soy in Argentina and we aim to figure out how the neoliberal “globalized privatization regime” unfolded in a peripheral location. Our case points at two inherent contradictions with such a regime's main tenets, namely that it needs a weak antitrust policy (thus leading to a market situation dominated by a monopoly of transnational companies) and a hyper-restrictive system of intellectual property. We highlight the participation of two groups of local actors in the regime. The first group is aligned with the globalized privatization regime agendas, while the second is involved in protest and regulatory actions focusing on the health, environment and safety issues related to the GM soy complex. To a different extent, both groups share a local agenda of resistance and an anti-imperialist imaginary. Both have national development objectives of Argentina in their ideological roots, although their conceptions of “development” are different (industrial development vs. protection of peasants' life and the environment). We conclude that it is not enough to postulate that the neoliberal globalized privatization regime will just expand to the South as it did in Northern countries. Rather, combined with the commercialization of science, peripherality creates protest, activism and local regulation.

What risks and for whom? Argentina’s regulatory policies and global commercial interests in GMOs Pellegrini, Pablo Ariel Regulatory frameworks on genetically modified crops present several differences, according to the specific procedures they take to deal with what they consider to be risks. Some of these differences have been studied between the United States and Europe, but there are other scenarios and subjects that may also be involved. Argentina not only has one of the major land areas devoted to transgenic agriculture, but it also has one of the first regulatory agencies in the region. Nevertheless, its regulatory policies towards genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have several differences with some international regulatory policies, such as the precautionary approach, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the labeling of food derived from GM crops. In order to understand this position, we analyze the development and function of GMOs' regulatory framework in Argentina, comparing it with Europe and showing how commercial interests in agriculture may explain each regulatory approach.

An improved DNA isolation technique for PCR detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool samples Repetto, S. A.; Alba Soto, Catalina Dirney; Cazorla, Silvia Ines; Tayeldin, Maria Lia; Cuello Pagnone, Marina Soledad; Lasala, M. B.; Tekiel, Valeria Sonia; González Cappa, S. M. Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The low parasitic burden of chronically infected patients makes diagnosis difficult to achieve by conventional methods. Here, an in-house (IH) method for the isolation of parasite DNA from stools and a PCR assay for the molecular diagnosis of S. stercoralis were optimized. DNA yield and purity improved with the IH method which included a step of incubation of stool samples with a glycine–SDS buffer and mechanical disruption prior to DNA extraction. For the PCR assay, the addition of bovine serum albumin was required to neutralize inhibitors present in stool. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR using DNA as template, isolated with the IH method, was superior to the commercial one. This study demonstrates that a combined method that adds the step of glycine–SDS buffer incubation plus mechanical disruption prior to DNA isolation with the commercial kit increased PCR sensitivity to levels of the IH method. Finally, our assay was tested on 17 clinical samples. With the IH method for DNA isolation, a S. stercoralis specific band was detected by PCR in the first stool sample in all patients (17/17), while with the commercial kit, our S. stercoralis-specific band was only observed in 7 samples. The superior efficiency of the IH and combined methods over the commercial kit was demonstrated when applied to clinical samples with low parasitic burden. These results show that the DNA extraction procedure is a key to increase sensitivity of the S. stercoralis PCR assay in stool samples. The method developed here could help to improve the molecular diagnosis of S. stercoralis.

High resolution para-hydrogen induced polarization in inhomogeneous magnetic fields Buljubasich Gentiletti, Lisandro; Prina, Ignacio; Franzoni, Maria Belen; Münnemann, K.; Spiess, H. W.; Acosta, Rodolfo Héctor The application of parahydrogen for the generation of hyperpolarization has increased continuously during the last years. When the chemical reaction is carried out at the same field as the NMR experiment (PASADENA protocol) an antiphase signal is obtained, with a separation of the resonance lines of a few Hz. This imposes a stringent limit to the homogeneity of the magnetic field in order to avoid signal cancellation. In this work we detect the signal arising from hyperpolarized Hexene by means of a CPMG pulse train. After Fourier transformation the obtained J-spectra not only presents an enhanced spectral resolution but also avoids partial peak cancellation.

Dynamic heterogeneity in the glass-like monoclinic phases of some halogen methane compounds Zuriaga, Mariano Jose; Perez, S. C.; Pardo, L. C.; Tamarit, J. L. In this work we study the heterogeneity of the dynamics on the low-temperature monoclinic phases of the simple molecular glassy systems CBrnCl4−nCBrnCl4−n, n = 0, 1, 2. In these systems the disorder comes exclusively from reorientational jumps mainly around the C3 molecular axes. The different time scales are determined by means of the analysis of the spin-lattice relaxation time obtained through Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) technique. Results are compared with those obtained from dielectric spectroscopy, from which two α- and β-relaxation times appear. NQR results enable us to ascribe with no doubt that the existence of two relaxations is due to dynamical heterogeneities which are the consequence of the different molecular surroundings of the molecules in the asymmetric unit cell of systems here studied.

NMR-SSC magnetic field profiler applied to magnetic field shimming Segnorile, Hector Hugo; Forte, Guillermo Omar; Farrher, German David; Anoardo, Esteban A new methodology aimed to control the spatial dependence of a magnetic field within a volume of interest is described. The designed hardware uses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to sense the magnetic field. A modified version of the Statistical Signal Characterization (SSC) method was used to analyze the NMR signal, providing a dynamical definition of the characterization parameters. The information is used to control the currents driving a set of coils that introduce corrections in the spatial dependence of the main field generated by an independent unit (magnet or electromagnet). As a practical matter, we deal with the particular case of magnetic field shimming.

Forest recovery of areas deforested by fire increases with elevation in the tropical Andes Lippok, Denis; Beck, Stephan G.; Renison, Daniel; Gallegos, Silvia C.; Saavedra, Francisco V.; Hensen, Isabell; Schleuning, Matthias In the tropical Andes, many montane forests have been destroyed, often through human-induced fires. To facilitate the recovery of these forests, it is important to understand the processes that drive secondary succession at deforested sites, yet studies are rare. Two important filters potentially causing a delay in the recovery of tropical forests are decreasing seed rain with distance to forest edge (seed dispersal limitation) and harsher environmental conditions at deforested sites. Moreover, successional pathways along elevation gradients can differ, yet the factors driving elevation differences are poorly understood. In the Bolivian Andes, we compared soil properties, microclimate and light availability at deforested sites with conditions in the adjacent forests and sampled woody secondary vegetation near (at 20 m distance) and away (at 80 m) from the forest edge at eight sites that had been deforested by fires ranging from 1950 m to 2500 m asl. We tested the effects of distance to forest edge and elevation on environmental conditions and on basal area, density, species richness and species composition of forest and non-forest species. Environmental conditions differed between forest interiors and deforested areas in most of the measured parameters. Woody secondary vegetation comprised more non-forest (80%) than forest species (20%), indicating that montane forest recovery was strongly hampered. Unexpectedly, basal area and species richness of both forest and non-forest species were higher away than near the forest edge. Density increased with increasing elevation in both forest and non-forest species, while species richness increased with increasing elevation only in forest species. Species composition did not change with distance to forest edge, but changed significantly with elevation. Our findings reject the hypothesis of a strong effect of seed dispersal limitation on forest recovery, but provide evidence that harsh environmental conditions, i.e., hot and dry microclimates and frequent fires, inhibit forest recovery at deforested sites. With increasing elevation, forest recovery increased, probably due to milder environmental conditions at high elevations and a different species source pool. We conclude that abiotic and biotic changes with elevation are crucial for understanding capabilities of forest recovery in mountain ecosystems and highlight that forest recovery may be further reduced in the future if maximum temperatures are going to increase in the tropical Andes. From a management perspective, we propose Myrsine coriacea, the most abundant forest species at deforested sites, to be a suitable species for montane forest restoration, due to its ability for long-distance dispersal and resprouting after fire.

The wave equation on the extreme Reissner-Nordstrom black hole Dain, Sergio Alejandro; Dotti, Gustavo Daniel We study the scalar wave equation on the open exterior region of an extreme Reissner–Nordström black hole and prove that, given compactly supported data on a Cauchy surface orthogonal to the timelike Killing vector field, the solution, together with its (t, s, θ, phgr) derivatives of arbitrary order, s a tortoise radial coordinate, is bounded by a constant that depends only on the initial data. Our technique does not allow studying transverse derivatives at the horizon, which is outside the coordinate patch that we use. However, using previous results that show that second and higher transverse derivatives at the horizon of a generic solution grow unbounded along horizon generators, we show that any such divergence, if present, would be milder for solutions with compact initial data.

Do not worry, be mindful: Effects of induced worry and mindfulness on respiratory variability in a nonanxious population Vlemincx, Elke; Vigo, Daniel Eduardo; Vansteenwegen, Debora; Van den Bergh, Omer; Van Diest, Ilse Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by chronic worry. Mindfulness-based stress reduction is thought to remediate excessive worry, because it counteracts a permanent defense state of enhanced vigilance to potential threats. The present study aimed to compare respiratory variability (RV) during worry and mindfulness. Following an 8-minute baseline, 37 healthy participants underwent 11-min worry and mindfulness inductions, in randomized order, using auditory scripts. Respiration was measured by chest and abdominal inductance belts. RV was quantified by (1) autocorrelation to assess linear breathing variability, (2) sample entropy to assess nonlinear breathing variability. Compared to baseline and mindfulness, worry showed decreased autocorrelation in all respiratory parameters and compared to mindfulness, worry showed decreased entropy in respiratory rate. These results suggest that, in contrast to mindfulness, worry is characterized by decreased respiratory stability and flexibility, and therefore worry and mindfulness seem to have countering effects on RV and respiratory regulation.

Stability and relaxation mechanisms of citric acid coated magnetite nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia de Sousa, María Elisa; Fernandez Van Raap, Marcela Beatriz; Rivas, Patricia; Mendoza Zélis, Pedro; Girardin, Pablo; Pasquevich, Gustavo Alberto; Alessandrini, José Luis; Muraca, Diego; Sánchez, Francisco Homero Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are proper materials for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia applications whenever these conjugate stability at physiological (neutral pH) medium and high specific dissipation power. Here, magnetite nanoparticles 9–12 nm in size, electrostatically stabilized by citric acid coating, with hydrodynamic sizes in the range 17–30 nm, and well dispersed in aqueous solution were prepared using a chemical route. The influence of media acidity during the adsorption of citric acid (CA) on the suspension’s long-term stability was systematically investigated. The highest content of nanoparticles in a stable suspension at neutral pH is obtained for coating performed at pH = 4.58, corresponding to the larger amount of CA molecules adsorbed by one carboxylate link. Specific absorption rates (SARs) of various magnetite colloids, determined calorimetrically at a radio frequency field of 265 kHz and field amplitude of 40.1 kA/m, are analyzed in terms of structural and magnetic colloid properties. Larger dipolar interactions lead to larger Néel relaxation times, in some cases larger than Brown relaxation times, which in the present case enhanced magnetic radio frequency heating. The improvement of suspension stability results in a decrease of SAR values, and this decrease is even large in comparison with uncoated magnetite nanoparticles. This fact is related to interactions between particles.

Vibrational, electronic and structural properties of 6-nitro- and 6-amino-2-trifluoromethylchromone: An experimental and theoretical study Avendaño Jiménez, Leonor Patricia; Echeverría, Gustavo Alberto; Piro, Oscar Enrique; Ulic, Sonia Elizabeth; Jios, Jorge Luis Two 2-trifluoromethylchromones, 6-nitro-2-trifluoromethylchromone (1) and 6-amino-2-trifluoromethylchromone (2) were synthesized and characterized by NMR (1H, 13C and 19F), UV-Vis, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, MS spectrometry, and compound (1) also by structural X-ray diffraction methods. This substance crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with Z=4 molecules per unit cell. In the solid, the fused rings and the amino group of (1) are coplanar and the trifluoromethyl group adopts a nearly staggered conformation. The NMR, vibrational and electronic spectra were discussed and assigned with the assistance of DFT calculations.

Numerical analysis of si and gaas solar cells exposed to space radiation Cappelletti, Marcelo Ángel; Casas, Guillermo; Cedola, Ariel Pablo; Peltzer y Blanca, Eitel Leopoldo In this paper, we present a study about Si and GaAs space solar cells by means of numerical simulations. We have investigated the variations of the short-circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum power point, before and after the devices were irradiated with 10 MeV protons and fluences between 109 and 1013 p+ /cm2. The simulation results allow to obtain the optimum solar cell with specific requirements for space applications.

Striking differences in the biological and molecular properties of onion and garlic isolates of onion yellow dwarf virus Giovani Celli, Marcos Giovani; Torrico Ramallo, Ada Karina; Kiehr, Mirta; Conci, Vilma Cecilia Complete nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid sequences of two onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) isolates showing mild and severe symptoms in onion but being unable to infect garlic were determined. The genomes consisted of 10,459 and 10,461 nt (without the 3’ poly(A) tail) and were 92.2 % identical. Comparison of their whole genomes, polyproteins and P1, HC-Pro, P3, CI, VPg and NIa-Pro regions with those of garlic isolates previously identified as OYDV gave percentage values below that proposed as the molecular threshold for potyvirus species demarcation. This and the striking differences in host range between onion and garlic isolates suggest that they represent different virus species.

Cuatro temas y cuatro continuaciones posibles para la teoría de Carlos Nino; Four themes and four possible consequences for the theory of criminal Carlos Nino Gargarella, Roberto El artículo trata de entender las aproximaciones al castigo a la luz de la teoría democrática. Este trabajo está dedicado así a explorar cuatro desarrollos posibles que podrían realizarse a partir del trabajo del profesor Carlos Nino en el área penal, teniendo en cuenta sus estudios últimos sobre el valor de la deliberación democrática. En lo que sigue, el trabajo se refiere a cuatro cuestiones de derecho penal, que ameritarían un nuevo estudio bajo la luz de una teoría democrática como la que Nino desarrollar. El trabajo, por lo tanto, se refiere a lo siguiente: i) las exigencias propias del partir de una concepción deliberativa de la democracia, en lo que hace a las formas de la creación (abarcando su interpretación y aplicación) del derecho penal (origen); ii) las implicaciones derivadas de tales presupuestos sobre los orígenes del derecho, en materia de autoridad estatal, y en particular, la autoridad del Estado para realizar reproches justificados (autoridad) ; iii) la influencia que podrían ejercer sobre la justificación del reproche estatal los presupuestos y compromisos que son propios de la democracia deliberativa (pena); iv) la especial protección que la democracia deliberativa podría requerir sobre conductas que hoy tienden a ser desalentadas o criminalizadas, como la protesta social (protesta social). Así, el estudio es la introducción a una agenda de investigación posible sobre el trabajo de Nino, destinada a “cruzar” sus estudios penales y sus estudios de teoría democrática.; The article tries to understand approaches to punishment in the light of democratic theory. This work is well spent exploring four possible developments that could be made from the work of Professor Carlos Nino in the penalty area, taking into account the latest research of the value of democratic deliberation. In what follows, the paper points to four criminal law issues that merit a new study in the light of democratic theory and Nino developing. The work, therefore, refers to the following: i) own requirements from a deliberative conception of democracy, in regard to the forms of creation (covering its interpretation and application) of criminal law (origin); ii) the implications of such assumptions about the origins of the law on state authority and particularly the authority of the State to justified punishments (authority); iii) the impact that could have on the state justification blame budgets and commitments that are characteristic of deliberative democracy (criminal penalty); iv) the special protection that deliberative democracy might require about behaviors that today tend to be discouraged or criminalized, as social protest (social protest). Thus, the study is the introduction to a research agenda possible Nino's work, intended to "cross" your criminal studies and the studies of democratic theory.

Violencia Rivas: Análisis de un personaje humorístico: una mujer furiosa; Violencia Rivas: Analysis of a humoristic character: a woman furious Moglia, Mercedes El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre un personaje femenino humorístico televisivo contemporáneo: Violencia Rivas; desde una perspectiva que atiende implicaciones de género. El personaje elegido, interpretado por el actor cómico Diego Capusotto, es el objeto y el eje sobre el que me propongo reflexionar a partir de una serie de preguntas: cómo puede un personaje de la década de los 60 inspirar una versión diametralmente opuesta en el 2010; qué plus de sentido pone en consideración esta parodia de largo plazo; cómo se sitúa el personaje real y el personaje ficcional respecto de los mandatos y de las demandas femeninas; qué pasa con el tono grotesco que adquiere el personaje femenino al ser interpretado por un varón travestido. En el intento de responder estas preguntas el análisis y la argumentación prestarán una especial atención a operaciones propias del campo humorístico como son la parodia, la ironía y la sátira, porque ese es el campo en el que vengo desarrollando mi actividad de investigación.; This present paper seeks to develop an initial analysis on the comic female character Violencia Rivas, from a gender perspective. The character chosen, played by the comedian actor Diego Capusotto in his contemporary TV show Peter Capusotto y sus videos is the core object of analysis on which I will reflect upon some key questions that will guide the inquiry for this paper: how can a character from the 60s inspire a diametrically opposed version in 2010; what kind of added-value is given to this long term parody; how is the fictional and the real character placed with regard to the social and moral values as well as to the feminine demands; what are the implications of the grotesque quality acquired by the character when played by a maletransvestite performer? Bearing in mind these questions, the present paper will aim to focus on the aesthetic mechanisms of the humour resources such as parody, satire and irony because it is in this field of research I have been working in.

PRODAN dual emission feature to monitor BHDC interfacial properties changes with the external organic solvent composition Agazzi, Federico Martin; Rodriguez, Javier; Falcone, Ruben Dario; Chessa, Juana Josefa; Correa, Nestor Mariano We have investigated the water/benzyl-n-hexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC)/n-heptane:benzene reverse micelles (RMs) interfaces properties using 6-propionyl- 2-(N,N-dimethyl)aminonaphthalene, PRODAN, as molecular probe. We have used absorption and emission (steady-state and time-resolved) spectroscopy of PRODAN to monitor the changes in the RMs interface functionalities upon changing the external organic solvent blend. We demonstrate that PRODAN is a useful probe to investigate how the external solvent composition affects the micelle interface properties. Our results show that changes in the organic solvent composition in water/BHDC/n-heptane:benzene RMs have a dramatic effect on the photophysics of PRODAN. Thus, increasing the aliphatic solvent content over the aromatic one produces PRODAN partition and PRODAN intramolecular electron transfer (ICT) processes. Additionally, the water presence in these RMs makes the PRODAN ICT process favored with the consequent decreases in the LE emission intensity and a better definition of the charge transfer (CT) band. All this evidence suggests that the benzene molecules are expelled out of the interface, and the water−BHDC interactions are stronger with more presence of water molecules in the polar part of the interface. Thus, we demonstrate that a simple change in the composition of the external phase promotes remarkable changes in the RMs interface. Finally, the results obtained with PRODAN together with those reported in a previous work in our lab reveal that the external phase is important when trying to control the properties of RMs interface. It should be noted that the external phase itself, besides the surfactant and the polar solvent sequestrated, is a very important control variable that can play a key role if we consider smart application of these RMs systems.