Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I: III. Understanding SN II diversity through correlations between physical and observed properties Martinez, Laureano; Anderson, J. P.; Bersten, Melina Cecilia; Hamuy, Mario; González-Gaitán, S.; Orellana, M.; Stritzinger, M. D.; Phillips, M. M.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Burns, C.; de Jaeger, T.; Ertini, Keila Yael; Folatelli, Gaston; Förster, F.; Galbany, Lluís; Hoeflich, Peter; Hsiao, Eric; Morrell, Nidia Irene; Pessi, Priscila Jael; Suntzeff, Nicholas B. Type II supernovae (SNe II) show great photometric and spectroscopic diversity which is attributed to the varied physical characteristics of their progenitor and explosion properties. In this study, the third of a series of papers where we analyse a large sample of SNe II observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project-I, we present correlations between their observed and physical properties. Our analysis shows that explosion energy is the physical property that correlates with the highest number of parameters. We recover previously suggested relationships between the hydrogen-rich envelope mass and the plateau duration, and find that more luminous SNe II with higher expansion velocities, faster declining light curves, and higher 56Ni masses are consistent with higher energy explosions. In addition, faster declining SNe II (usually called SNe IIL) are also compatible with more concentrated 56Ni in the inner regions of the ejecta. Positive trends are found between the initial mass, explosion energy, and 56Ni mass. While the explosion energy spans the full range explored with our models, the initial mass generally arises from a relatively narrow range. Observable properties were measured from our grid of bolometric LC and photospheric velocity models to determine the effect of each physical parameter on the observed SN II diversity. We argue that explosion energy is the physical parameter causing the greatest impact on SN II diversity, that is, assuming the non-rotating solar-metallicity single-star evolution as in the models used in this study. The inclusion of pre-SN models assuming higher mass loss produces a significant increase in the strength of some correlations, particularly those between the progenitor hydrogen-rich envelope mass and the plateau and optically thick phase durations. These differences clearly show the impact of having different treatments of stellar evolution, implying that changes in the assumption of standard single-star evolution are necessary for a complete understanding of SN II diversity.

Mudstones as Landfill Liner Material for Heavy Metal Removal: Equilibrium and Dynamic Sorption Study Musso, Telma Belén; Carlos, Luciano; Parolo, Maria Eugenia; Francisca, Franco Matias; Pettinari, Gisela Roxana; Giuliano, Valeria Noemí; Ruffato, Marianerla Clay materials used as low-permeability barriers at landfill sites can also chemically attenuate inorganic contaminants (heavy metals) in leachate. In this study, Cu(II) removal capacity from aqueous media of a raw calcareous mudstone, used as a liner material, was evaluated through both batch and column tests. Batch experiments were conducted varying contact time, pH, and Cu(II) concentration. In order to simulate waste leachates composition, the effect of the presence of some organic compounds on Cu(II) uptake was also evaluated. Column tests of compacted calcareous mudstone-sand mixtures were performed to evaluate sorption in dynamic systems. The studied calcareous mudstone exhibited higher removal capacity in a wider pH range than a commercial Na-bentonite, which is a widely used heavy metal sorbent and clay liner. It was evidenced that calcite, an important component of the calcareous mudstone and found as very small and highly porous calcareous nannofossils, contributed to its sorption properties playing a significant role in the Cu(II) removal. The presence of an anionic surfactant or phenol slightly affected the removal of Cu(II). In the clay fraction (< 2 µm), Cu(II) sorption was favored by the presence of humic acids, which add new adsorption sites for this metal. The extremely high retardation factor obtained for the raw calcareous mudstone is in good agreement with the high adsorption capacity experimentally proved in batch tests and demonstrated a great ability of this material to retain heavy metal mass during the transport in solution within porous media.

Distribution, Sedimentology and Origin of Mineralogical Assemblages from a Continental Na-bentonite Deposit in the Cretaceous Neuquén Basin (Argentina) Musso, Telma Belén; Pettinari, Gisela Roxana; Pozo, Manuel; Martínez, Alexis Gabriel; González, Rafael Collected samples of bentonite and associated facies from the Justina deposit of Cretaceous age (Anacleto Formation) have been studied. Facies analysis, mineralogical, and geochemical studies have been carried out using several techniques, including: XRD, FTIR, DTA-TGA, microscopy (OM, SEM-EDX), and chemical analysis. The deposit occurs in a shallow, saline lacustrine environment developed over a fluvial floodplain, with a thickness between 0.21 and 0.8 m intercalated between fine-grained siliciclastic facies. Three mineral assemblages were found. In assemblage 1, the bentonite has low content of detrital minerals and the smectite is sodic. In assemblage 2, the bentonite shows the occurrence of minor analcime and mica, slightly higher detrital mineral content and the smectite is sodic to sodic-calcic. The associated detrital facies (assemblage 3) is dominated by illite and a mixed layer of illite and calcic smectite (R0), subordinately kaolinite + chlorite, and locally low-ordered smectite. As inherited minerals are found: quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, illite-mica, heavy minerals (monazite, zircon, apatite, titanomagnetite) and volcanic rock fragments (andesite, glass). Authigenic minerals are: sodium smectite, analcime, barite, celestine, gypsum, and hematite. A model for the formation of authigenic minerals is proposed, highlighting the formation of sodic smectite from the alteration of volcanic glass of trachyandesitic composition.

Procedure for assessing the liquefaction vulnerability of tailings dams Ledesma, Osvaldo; Sfriso, Alejo Oscar Sfriso; Manzanal, Diego This paper presents a procedure to assess the vulnerability of tailings dams to failure due to flow liquefaction. Vulnerability is understood as the inability of a system to resist adverse actions. The procedure uses a numerical model to verify if a set of actions that induce undrained shear in the tailings would result in a progressive failure and instability of the system. The procedure is tested by applying it to the well-documented Fundão Dam failure. The undrained behavior of loose tailings, including the onset of liquefaction and post-peak loss of strength, are simulated using the state parameter-based constitutive model, Modified Pastor-Zienkiewicz (MPZ), implemented as a user-defined model in Plaxis. Three actions are analyzed that cover most of the stress paths leading to the failure of tailings dams as geotechnical structures: (i) a surface load applied on the crest of the dam; (ii) a horizontal deformation at the toe, and (iii) a rise in the phreatic surface within the tailings. These three actions were applied to the Fundão Dam case and used to evaluate the vulnerability of two relevant configurations in the dam's history. This example is intended to illustrate that the proposed procedure can be used to assess the vulnerability of tailings dam failure to flow liquefaction using currently available modelling tools and standard laboratory and field characterization. While not part of the proposed actions, an additional analysis was conducted to assess the Fundão Dam's response to the failure mechanism identified in the post-failure report.

A multipurpose biocapture nanoplatform based on multiwalled-carbon nanotubes non-covalently functionalized with avidin: Analytical applications for the non-amplified and label-free impedimetric quantification of BRCA1 López Mujica, Michael Earvin Jose; Rubianes, María Dolores; Rivas, Gustavo Adolfo We introduce an innovative and versatile multipurpose biocapture nanoplatform made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-covalently functionalized with avidin (Av) as support to immobilize a biorecognition element just by mixing them in solution. As proof-of-concept of the advantages of this platform, we propose a non-amplified and label-free impedimetric BRCA1 biosensor prepared by immobilization of a biotinylated DNA probe (bDNAp) at MWCNTs-Av nanoplatform and further deposition of the resulting biosensing layer at glassy carbon (GCE) or screen printed carbon (SPCE) electrodes. The hybridization event was detected from the changes in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-. The resulting genosensor made possible the fast, highly sensitive and selective quantification of BRCA1 in a simple way, with a linear range between 1.0 fM and 10 nM, a sensitivity of (460 ± 9) ΩM−1 (r2 = 0.997), a detection limit of 330 aM and a quantification limit of 1.0 fM. The reproducibility was 5.2% and 4.6% for 1.0 × 10−12 M and 1.0 × 10−14 M BRCA1, respectively, using the same MWCNTs-Av-bDNAp platform, and 5.2% for 1.0 × 10−12 M BRCA1 using 5 different platforms. The biosensor was challenged with fully non-complementary and mismatch DNA sequences, and mixtures of them, without interference. The detection of BRCA1 in enriched diluted human serum samples showed excellent recovery percentages.

Disyuntivas entre la valuación catastral y los precios de mercado del suelo vacante. El sector de la avenida Presidente Perón, Tucumán; Dilemmas between cadastral valuation and vacant land market prices. The section of Presidente Perón Avenue, Tucuman; Disjuntivas entre a avaliação cadastral e os preços do mercado do solo desocupado. O setor da Av. Presidente Perón, Tucumán Cichero, Pilar; Gómez López, Claudia El Estado al urbanizar, produce un aumento en el valor del suelo, cuyo beneficio, si se distribuye de manera diferencial, contribuye a la especulación inmobiliaria. En la conformación del Área Metropolitana de Tucumán, el sector con mayor dinámica y expansión en las tres últimas décadas es el borde pedemontano hacia el oeste, perteneciente mayoritariamente al municipio de YerbaBuena. La apertura de la avenida Presidente Perón tuvo una gran incidencia en el sector, ya que la superficie del suelo urbano se triplicó, durante dicho período. En este artículo se analizan los precios de mercado del sector de la avenida Presidente Perón, comparándolos con sus valores catastrales e identificando algunas estrategias inmobiliarias utilizadas por promotores inmobiliarios para maximizar los beneficios del mercado de suelo. La metodología utilizada es de enfoque mixto y se realiza a partir de tres etapas: La construcción de una base de datos; una instancia analítica y por último, el desarrollo de las principales reflexiones.; When the state creates urban developments, it increases land value. If the profit from this is unequally distributed, it contributes to real estate speculation. In the organization of the Metropolitan Area in Tucuman, the sector showing the greatest dynamics and growth over the last three decades is the foothills to the West, mainly in the Yerba Buena district. The opening of President Perón Avenue had a great impact on the sector, because the urban surface tripled the period of time mentioned above. The aim of this article is to analyze market values in President Perón Avenue sector and to compare them with cadastral values applied by the State. It also presents some marketing strategies applied by real state agencies to maximize their profits. This research work is bases on a blended approach, which is divided into three different stages: building a database, the analysis of data and lastly, the posing of main conclusions.; O Estado quando urbaniza produz um aumento no valor do solo, cujo benefício, se for distribuído de forma diferencial, contribui à especulação imobiliária. Na constituição da Área Metropolitana de Tucumán o setor com maior dinâmica e expansão nas últimas três décadas é a borda da floresta de pedemontana, para o oeste, que pertence majoritariamente ao município de Yerba Buena. A apertura da Av. Presidente Perón teve uma grande incidência no setor já que a superfície do solo urbano se triplicou durante esse período. Neste trabalho analisam-se os preços de mercado do setor da Av. Presidente Perón, comparando-os com os valores cadastrais e identificando algumas estratégias imobiliárias usadas por promotores imobiliários para maximizar os benefícios do solo. A metodologia usa uma abordagem mista e realiza-se a partir de três etapas: a construção de uma base de dados; uma instancia analítica, e o desenvolvimento de reflexões.

Aproximaciones para un análisis sobre la clase trabajadora judía de Buenos Aires en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, 1905-1930; Abordagens para uma análise da classe trabalhadora judia de Buenos Aires nas primeiras décadas do século XX, 1905-1930 Koppmann, Walter Ludovico El artículo presenta los lineamientos teóricos y metodológicos principales de una investigación actualmente en curso, sobre la clase trabajadora judía de Buenos Aires entre los años 1905 y 1930. A partir de un diálogo interdisciplinar entre el campo de estudios migratorios y la historia social y política, se propone reconstruir la experiencia urbana del grupo étnico, sus particularidades así como también sus similitudes con otros casos nacionales. Para realizar esta investigación nos valimos de bibliografía secundaria.; O artigo apresenta as principais linhas teóricas e metodológicas de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a classe trabalhadora judaica de Buenos Aires, entre 1905 e 1930. A partir de um diálogo interdisciplinar entre o campo dos estudos migratórios e da história social e política, propõe-se a reconstruir a experiência urbana do grupo étnico, suas particularidades assim como suas semelhanças com outros casos nacionais. Para a realização desta pesquisa utilizamos fontes secundárias.

"Me encanta ir al cine": Theodor W. Adorno más allá de la iconoclasia; "I Love to Go to the Movies". Theodor W. Adorno Beyond Iconoclasm Roldán, Eugenia María En sintonía con algunas reflexiones del campo de la estética que han señalado cómo, al postular un relego o incluso desprecio de Theodor W. Adorno por el cine, la mayoría de las recepciones empobrecieron el potencial crítico del pensamiento adorniano, el presente artículo avanza en algunos aspectos de la reflexión estética de Adorno sobre el cine. Por un lado, ponemos de relieve una lectura materialista y dialéctica de la afamada categoría de industria cultural. Por otro, llamamos la atención sobre el lugar central que tienen las primeras películas y reflexiones teóricas de Alexander Kluge para la postulación adorniana de una estética específica del cine. En ese marco, el artículo presenta uno de los problemas estéticos más interesantes que surgen del planteo de Adorno en diálogo con Kluge - y que, además, marca la actualidad de la empresa: pensar el cine contra la imagen. De allí se desprenden las consideraciones sobre un tipo de cine autoconsciente de sus aspectos formales, una reflexión sobre la imagen más allá de su carácter referencial y la centralidad de la técnica del montaje. Hacia el final, exponemos cómo en Adorno el cine muestra su afinidad con la experiencia subjetiva y con la escritura.; In accordance with some contributions from the field of aesthetics that point out how, by postulating a relegation or even contempt of Theodor W. Adorno for cinema, most receptions have impoverished the critical potential of Adorno’s thought, this paper moves forward on some aspects of Adorno’s aesthetic consideration of cinema. On the one hand, we highlight a materialist and dialectical reading of Adorno’s famous category of culture industry. On the other, we draw attention to the central place of Alexander Kluge’s early films and theoretical insights for Adorno’s postulation of a specific aesthetics of cinema. In this context, the paper revisits Adorno’s thought on cinema, considering one of the most interesting aesthetic problems that arises from his relation to Kluge: thinking cinema against the image. In this point, we highlight the reflection on a cinema that is self-aware of its formal aspects, on the image beyond its referential character and on the montage technique. At the end, we set out how cinema, from Adornos point of view, shows its affinity with writing and subjective experience.

Modeling and Analysis of Social Phenomena: Challenges and Possible Research Directions Vazquez, Federico This opening editorial aims to interest researchers and encourage novel research in the closely related fields of sociophysics and computational social science. We briefly discuss challenges and possible research directions in the study of social phenomena, with a particular focus on opinion dynamics. The aim of this Special Issue is to allow physicists, mathematicians, engineers and social scientists to show their current research interests in social dynamics, as well as to collect recent advances and new techniques in the analysis of social systems.

Flow invariants in a channel obstructed by a line of inclined rods Herrero, Víctor Angel; Ferrari, Hernan Javier; Marino, R.; Clausse, Alejandro An experiment is conducted in a rectangular channel obstructed by a transverse line of four inclined cylindrical rods. The pressure on the surface of a central rod and the pressure drop through the channel are measured varying the inclination angle of the rods. Three assemblies of rods with different diameters are tested. The measurements were analyzed applying momentum conservation principles and semi-empirical considerations. Several invariant dimensionless groups of parameters relating the pressure at key locations of the system with characteristic dimensions of the rods are produced. It was found that the independence principle holds for most of the Euler numbers characterizing the pressure at different locations, that is, the group is independent of the inclination angle provided that the inlet velocity projection normal to the rods is used to non-dimensionalize the pressure. The resulting semi-empirical correlations can be useful for designing similar hydraulic units.

Experimental and computational study of fluidized-microwave drying process of shrinking parchment coffee and determination of quality attributes Reyes Chaparro, Jose Eduardo; Durán Barón, Ricardo; Valle Vargas, Marcelo; Arballo, Javier Ramiro; Campañone, Laura Analia This work presents the fluidized bed drying process combined with microwaves applied to Parchment coffee. In order to study different parameters that affect the quality of the grains, a mathematical model that describes energy and mass transfer during the drying process is presented and solved using Finite Elements Method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model also considered the shrinkage of the grains due to water removal. Experiments were carried out in experimental prototype equipment obtaining the drying curves, which were utilized to validate the mathematical model. To study the impact of the operating conditions on the quality of the processed coffee, total polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. Finally, nutritional parameters were related to operating conditions by the polynomial regression and desirability function methodology. Optimal operating conditions (1.4 m/s and 500 W) were found, which provides a product of excellent final quality.

Embryonic morphology in two species of the Physalaemus signifer clade (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Oliveira, Marianna Isabella Rosa Rodrigues De; Grosso, Jimena Renee; Napoli Felgueiras, Marcelo; Weber, Luiz Norberto; Vera Candioti, María Florencia We studied the embryonic morphology of Physalaemus camacan and P. signifer, two small foam-nesting frogs endemic to the Atlantic Forest. We analysed the development of transient embryonic structures and of the larval oral disc. These embryos have features typical of most congeneric species, such as the kyphotic dorsal curvature, three pairs of gills and the configuration of hatching and adhesive glands. Main differences regarding embryos of the P. cuvieri clade are the larger size and yolk provision at tailbud stage, less developed external gills and an apparently novel pattern of oral marginal papilla ontogeny. While some shifts could be correlated with variant modes of oviposition, others appear to be developmental modifications not related with ecomorphological aspects.

The Eco-Physiological Role of Microcystis aeruginosa in a Changing World Giannuzzi, Leda; Hernando, Marcelo Pablo Among the bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the mostharmful species. The prevalence of toxic species and their toxicity profiles vary each yeardepending on environmental variables, despite their dynamics being not well understood.Imbalances in nutrient concentrations, the greater frequency and intensity of higher averagetemperatures and less severe winters, and the alternation between periods of positive andnegative precipitation anomalies were identified as conditions favoring the prevalence of M.aeruginosa. Similarly, dry periods (corresponding to a prevailing La Niña condition) wereeven more conducive to the formation of harmful algal blooms of pronounced intensity.Moreover, toxin production is temperature-dependent and some strains are capable ofproducing multiple microsystins (MCs). Thus, the role of environmental variables incontrolling the genetic expression of toxin synthetase of individual toxin-producing genesis still unknown.

La universidad argentina pre y post pandemia: Un balance de las políticas recientes y los desafíos de la reforma ante un nuevo escenario; The Argentinian University pre- and post- pandemic: An assessment of recent policies and the challenges to reform in an emerging context López, Esteban Damián del Valle; Perrotta, Daniela Vanesa; Suasnabar, Claudio Las crisis aceleran procesos de cambio preexistentes y producen innovaciones político-institucionales. La pandemia de covid-19 ha modificado el papel de la universidad y de la producción científica en el desarrollo económico y social. El cese de actividades por la cuarentena y la virtualización forzada de prácticas académicas plantea interrogantes acerca de la producción, transmisión y conservación de conocimiento; aparte de que la «nueva normalidad» supone la pregunta sobre qué tipo de universidad surgirá. La «universidad híbrida» cuestiona el modelo de universidad necesaria en las sociedades latinoamericanas y, particularmente, en Argentina, en el contexto del debate en torno de una nueva Ley de educación superior; sin embargo, esta situación desplaza el consenso alcanzado en las CRES 2008 y 2018 sobre el derecho a la educación superior. Se analiza la situación de la universidad argentina a partir de las políticas de educación superior de las dos primeras décadas del siglo xxi y se delinean los principales desafíos del nuevo escenario. Se reivindican los principios de la educación superior como un derecho universal, un bien público y social, y un instrumento de desarrollo y cooperación entre las naciones, entre otros.; Crises accelerate pre-existing processes of change and provoke political-institutional responses. The covid-19 pandemic has modified the role of the university and of scientific production in economic and social development. The pause in activities resulting from the quarantine period and forced virtualization of academic practice led to questions surrounding the production, transmission and conservation of knowledge; although the «new normal» implied the question of just what kind of university will come into being. The «hybrid university» questions the kind of university model needed in Latin American societies, and in particular, in Argentina, in the context of the debate around the new Law of Higher Education; however, this new reality displaces the consensus reached in the cres 2008 and 2009 regarding the right to a higher education. This study looks at the situation facing Argentinian universities from the perspective of higher education policies from the first two decades of the 21st Century and outlines the key challenges appearing in this new scenario. It calls for the principle of higher education as a universal right, a social and public good, and an instrument for development and cooperation among nations, and others.

Household electricity demand in Latin America and the Caribbean: A meta-analysis of price elasticity Zabaloy, María Florencia; Viego, Valentina Studying the price elasticity of demand is essential when considering rate policies in the electricity sector. This research aims to perform a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of the price elasticity of electricity demand for the residential sector in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Results show that the true value of the short-term price elasticity is between −0.197 and −0.468 and, for the long-term, is between −0.252 and −0.331. Findings differ substantially when studies are classified by their quality in econometric procedures. The long-term price elasticity seems to be lower than estimates found for other regions.

Pressure pain threshold mappings of the infraspinatus muscle in chronic unilateral shoulder pain patients do not reflect generalized hypersensitivity Intelangelo, Leonardo; Bordachar, Diego José; Mendoza, Cristian; Lassaga, Ignacio; Carvalho Barbosa, Alexandre; Biurrun Manresa, José Alberto; Mista, Christian Ariel Objectives: Increased mechanical sensitivity has been observed on the unaffected side in chronic pain conditions, suggesting generalized or widespread hypersensitivity. However, this cannot be considered as a universal response since this hypersensitivity is inconsistent across muscle pain pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess generalized hypersensitivity in chronic unilateral shoulder pain, using pressure pain threshold (PPT) mappings of the infraspinatus muscle. The proposed evaluation is based on the assessment of PPT on a limited subset of sites, reducing potential habituation or sensitization effects. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with unilateral shoulder pain (USP) and twenty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited. PPT was assessed using a manual pressure algometer. Six sites distributed over the infraspinatus muscle were assessed, and three repetitions were performed at each site. Mappings were derived using two-dimensional interpolation. Results: Lower PPT values were found in the symptomatic side in comparison with the asymptomatic side at all assessment sites (estimated difference: 1.42 ± 0.10 kgf/cm2, p < 0.001), but there were no differences among the asymptomatic side of USP patients and any of the sides in healthy volunteers (largest estimated difference: 0.17 ± 0.28 kgf/cm2, p = 0.927). Furthermore, the medial region of the infraspinatus muscle showed higher mechanical sensitivity in both healthy volunteers and USP patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that USP does not induce generalized hypersensitivity, in contrast with previously reported findings. Physiotherapists could take these results into account for the assessment and treatment of patients with USP.

Tara Tannins as a Green Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Byrne, Christian Eduardo; D'alessandro, Oriana; Deya, Marta Cecilia Tara tannin is studied as an inhibitor of aluminum corrosion, immersed in an aerated and near-neutral NaCl solution and in a wash-primer formulation. Electrochemical tests prove that tara tannins provide good corrosion resistance for aluminum, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy shows a low formation of corrosion products, absence of Cl and presence of C. These results indicate that tannins act as a mixed-type inhibitor without changing the mechanism of oxygen or aluminum reactions, and that tannin is adsorbed on aluminum surfaces forming a compact hydrophobic barrier that blocks anodic and cathodic areas. A tara tannin primer was formulated and applied on aluminum. Its anticorrosive properties were studied by electrochemical techniques and humidity chamber testing, in which it exhibited an acceptable performance compared with a zinc tetroxychromate primer. Taking into account their less harmful environmental impact, tara tannins are proposed as an alternative to chromates in the formulation of wash-primers.

Incidencia del capital social en el proceso de toma de decisiones comerciales en la producción ganadera; Impact of social capital on the business decisionmaking process in livestock production Ghiglione, Franco Alexis; Lema, Ronaldo Daniel; Ferro Moreno, Santiago; Braun, Rodolfo Oscar El presente artículo de investigación resume los hallazgos realizados en el marco de una tesis de doctorado. En él, se analiza la toma de decisiones comerciales de los productores de ganado bovino de la Provincia de La Pampa desde la óptica del capital social a partir de tres variables proxy: pertenencia y participación institucional, identificación territorial y grado de confianza comercial. Metodológicamente, se utilizó un diseño experimental de elección discreta y modelos econométricos en función de la utilidad aleatoria, permitiendo comprender en forma integral las variables que influyen en el comportamiento de los mencionados agentes económicos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que, en escenarios de incertidumbre, los factores psicosociales, los sesgos cognitivos y las preferencias individuales resultan más relevantes que las variables relativas a las condiciones comerciales. Asimismo, se evidencia una marcada preferencia por el mecanismo de comercialización sin intermediación. Los hallazgos pueden resultar muy relevantes para el diseño de políticas públicas en términos de incentivos para una mejor coordinación e integración, tanto vertical como horizontal, de los distintos eslabones que intervienen en la cadena agroalimentaria.; This research article summarizes the findings made in the framework of a doctoral thesis. In it, the commercial decision-making of cattle producers in the Province of La Pampa is analyzed from the perspective of social capital based on three proxy variables: membership and institutional participation, territorial identification and degree of commercial trust. Methodologically, a discrete choice experimental design and econometric models based on random utility were used, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the variables that influence the behavior of the aforementioned economic agents. The results obtained made it possible to identify that, in scenarios of uncertainty, psychosocial factors, cognitive biases and individual preferences are more relevant than variables related to commercial conditions. Likewise, there is evidence of a marked preference for the marketing mechanism without intermediation. The findings can be very relevant for the design of public policies in terms of incentives for better coordination and integration, both vertical and horizontal, of the different links that intervene in the agri-food chain.

Emerging adults' cultural values, prosocial behaviors, and mental health in 14 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic Padilla Walker, Laura M.; Van der Graaff, Jolien; Workman, Katey; Carlo, Gustavo; Branje, Susan; Carrizales, Alexia; Gerbino, Maria; Gülseven, Zehra; Hawk, Skyler T.; Luengo Kanacri, Paula; Mesurado, Maria Belen; Samper García, Paula; Shen, Yuh-Ling; Taylor, Laura K.; Trach, Jessica; van Zalk, Maarten H. W.; Žukauskienė, Rita Evidence suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly among emerging adults. However, theories on altruism born of suffering or adversarial growth suggest that we might also see prosocial behavior as a function of the pandemic, which may protect against mental health challenges. Because cultural values are central in determining prosocial behavior, the current study explored how cultural values were differentially associated with adaptive prosocial behaviors that might protect against mental health challenges. Participants for the current study included 5,682 young people aged 18–25 years from 14 different countries around the world (68% female, 62% college students). Path analyses suggested that there were few differences in patterns as a function of culture, but revealed that horizontal individualism and horizontal and vertical collectivism were indirectly associated with lower levels of depression via prosocial behavior toward family members. Discussion focuses on the importance of coping by strengthening family relationships via prosocial behavior during the pandemic.

¿Quiénes necesitan vivienda en América Latina?: El allegamiento residencial en las estimaciones de déficit habitacional Marcos, Mariana; García García, Diva Marcela; Módenes, Juan Antonio En América Latina tanto el problema de la falta de viviendas de calidad como la respuesta del allegamiento —o la corresidencia— de hogares y familias por necesidad son fenómenos de larga data y persistentes, aunque también de amplia dispersión en su forma de medición. El objetivo de este artículo es precisar conceptualmente el problema y desentrañar la matriz teórica que subyace a las distintas formas de medición del componente cuantitativo del déficit habitacional, en especial en lo referido a la contabilización —o no— de los núcleos familiares secundarios como unidades requirentes de vivienda. En segundo lugar, se aporta a la discusión a partir del análisis demográfico de las estructuras de corresidencia analizadas empíricamente en las regiones metropolitanas de Bogotá y de Buenos Aires. Como resultado, se identificó que el allegamiento de núcleos y hogares puede resultar una estrategia residencial funcional no exclusiva de los grupos más pobres, especialmente en el contexto bogotano, y que su existencia facilita el cuidado mutuo en el interior de la vivienda. Sin embargo, la corresidencia también esconde una demanda demográfica insatisfecha, oculta en arreglos residenciales complejos disfuncionales y numéricamente muy representativos en los dos contextos analizados. El tratamiento de estas situaciones plantea un debate sobre la focalización de la política pública para resolver el déficit habitacional y las situaciones que se deben priorizar para garantizar el derecho a la vivienda en perspectiva de necesidades habitacionales y no solo de mercado.