El quiebre de la cotidianidad en la niñez chilena exiliada en Mendoza, Argentina (1973-1989); The Breakdown of Everyday Life in Chilean Childhood Exiled in Mendoza, Argentina (1973-1989) Paredes, Héctor Alejandro Este trabajo analizará experiencias de la niñez exiliada a partir de casos encontrados en el archivo del Comité Ecuménico de Acción Social, de la Comisión Católica Argentina de Inmigración CCAI, del Centro de Documentación de la Comisión Chilena de Derechos Humanos de Santiago de Chile y de una entrevista a un militante del Partido Comunista chileno que llegó a Mendoza con 17 años. Indagaremos sobre el impacto en el quiebre de la cotidianidad de la infancia exiliada y nos animaremos a problematizar ciertos mitos como el de la niñez a-militante o el de la persecución de la niñez como consecuencia no planificada por el estado represivo chileno.; This paper will analyze the experiences of childhood exiles based on cases found in the archives of the Ecumenical Committee for Social Action, the Argentine Catholic Commission for Immigration CCAI, the Documentation Center of the Chilean Human Rights Commission of Santiago de Chile and an interview with a member of the Chilean communist party who arrived in Mendoza at the age of 17. We will inquire about the impact on the breakdown of the daily life of exiled children and we will encourage ourselves to problematize certain myths such as that of a-militant childhood or that of the persecution of children as an unplanned consequence of the repressive Chilean state.

Effect of Long-Term Agricultural Management on the Soil Microbiota Influenced by the Time of Soil Sampling Fernandez Gnecco, Gabriela Amancay; Covacevich, Fernanda; Consolo, Verónica Fabiana; Behr, Jan H.; Sommermann, Loreen; Moradtalab, Narges; Maccario, Lorrie; Sørensen, Søren J.; Deubel, Annette; Schellenberg, Ingo; Geistlinger, Joerg; Neumann, Günter; Grosch, Rita; Smalla, Kornelia; Babin, Doreen Application of agrochemicals and mechanization enabled increasing agriculturalproductivity yet caused various environmental and soil health-related problems.Agricultural practices affect soil microorganisms, which are the key players of manyecosystem processes. However, less is known about whether this effect differs betweentime points. Therefore, soil was sampled in winter (without crop) and in summer (inthe presence of maize) from a long-term field experiment (LTE) in Bernburg (Germany)managed either under cultivator tillage (CT) or moldboard plow (MP) in combinationwith either intensive nitrogen (N)-fertilization and pesticides (Int) or extensive reducedN-fertilization without fungicides (Ext), respectively. High-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene and fungal ITS2 amplicons showed that changes in the microbial communitycomposition were correlated to differences in soil chemical properties caused by tillagepractice. Microbial communities of soils sampled in winter differed only depending onthe tillage practice while, in summer, also a strong effect of the fertilization intensity wasobserved. A small proportion of microbial taxa was shared between soils from the twosampling times, suggesting the existence of a stable core microbiota at the LTE. Ingeneral, taxa associated with organic matter decomposition (such as Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Rhizopus, and Exophiala) had a higher relative abundance under CT.Among the taxa with significant changes in relative abundances due to different long-termagricultural practices were putative pathogenic (e.g., Gibellulopsis and Gibberella) andbeneficial microbial genera (e.g., Chitinophagaceae, Ferruginibacter, and Minimedusa).In summary, this study suggests that the effects of long-term agricultural managementpractices on the soil microbiota are influenced by the soil sampling time, and this needsto be kept in mind in future studies for the interpretation of field data.

Early Devonian paleogeographic evolution of SW Gondwana (Precordillera Argentina). How can the record of plants help us? Arnol, Jonatan Ariel; Coturel, Eliana Paula In this work we refer new fossil plant records and revise the systematics of previously described taxa. The finding of Sporogonites excellens and the analysis of its fossil record allows us to propose it as a Lower Devonian indicator. The finding of a leafy lycophyte remains allows us to identify Haskinsia sp. in Precordillera and confirms its presence since the Emsian. From the registry of the plants associations found and taking into account the good age control in the sections to the north of the San Juan river, we propose a Devonian age (pre-Emsian) for the southern region (Banchongo Farm and vicinity). In this way, the Precordillera basin would be separated by a positive structure in at least two depocentres at this time, developing the Talacasto Formation to the north and center of the basin while the deposits of the Punta Negra and Villavicencio Formations occurred simultaneously to the south. During the Emsian- Middle Devonian, the rise in sea level, higher rates of sediment inputs and a marked subsidence made possible the deposition of the Punta Negra formation throughout the basin. The above conclusions affirm the importance of biostratigraphy plant-based in successions that do not have the presence of other markers.

Measurement of linear accelerator spectra, reconstructed from percentage depth dose curves by neural networks Torres Díaz, Jorge; Grad, Gabriela Beatriz; Bonzi, Edgardo Purpose Linear accelerator (linac) spectra, used to improve the accuracy of dose calculation and to produce a complete description of beam quality, among other aspects, are relevant in radiotherapy and linear accelerator physics. Methods In this work we apply neural networks in solving an ill-conditioned system of linear equations, to indirectly measure the linear accelerator spectra via the percentage depth dose curves. The photon beam spectra are related to radiation doses through a Fredholm integral equation. To address our problem we measured the percentage depth dose curve in water and solved a discretized Fredholm equation using artificial neural network. After analysing the typology of our physical problem we selected a MultiLayer Perceptron Neural Network and designed the most suitable neural network architecture. Results The reconstructed spectra were compared with spectra from three linacs, two of them obtained by us through simulations and the third produced by another author, achieving a concordance between 92 % and 96 %. Therefore, the spectrum of any accelerator can be quickly and easily reconstructed from measured percent depth dose curves, applying a trained artificial neural network.

New Synthetic Caffeine Analogs as Modulators of the Cholinergic System Fabiani, Camila; Biscussi, Brunella; Munafó, Juan Pablo; Murray, Ana Paula; Corradi, Jeremias; Antollini, Silvia Susana Alzheimer´s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Since cholinergic deficit is amajor factor in this disease, twomolecular targets for its treatment are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Given that caffeine is a natural compound that behaves as an AChE inhibitor and as a partial agonist of nAChRs, the aim of this work was to synthetize more potent bifunctional caffeine analogs that modulate these two molecular targets. To this end, a theophylline structure was connected to a pyrrolidine structure through a methylene chain of different lengths (3 to 7 carbon atoms) to give compounds 7-11. All caffeine derivatives inhibited the AChE, of which compound 11 showed the strongest effect. Electrophysiological studies showed that all compounds behave as agonists of the muscle and the neuronal a7 nAChR with greater potency than caffeine. To explore whether the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used. Compounds 9 and 10 conduced the nAChR to a different conformational state comparable with a control nAChR desensitized state. Finally, molecular docking experiments showed that all derivatives interacted with both the catalytic and anionic sites of AChE and with the orthosteric binding site of the nAChR. Thus, the new synthetized compounds can inhibit the AChE and activatemuscle and a7 nAChRs with greater potency than caffeine, which suggests that they could be useful leaders for the development of new therapies for the treatment of different neurologic diseases.

Dual Control Structure of Modular Multilevel Converters for Power System Support Leon, Enrique Andres; Freytes, Julian This paper presents an analysis of two philosophies to control the modular multilevel converter (MMC). Most MMC control strategies are based on the philosophy used in the traditional voltage-source converter, in which the dc-bus voltage is controlled through the ac-side power; this approach is referred to here as the classical control approach. Because the MMC has an additional degree of freedom, an alternative control philosophy has recently been proposed, in which the dc-bus voltage is controlled through the dc-side power. In this paper, a comparison of these control approaches is presented and their main differences are described. Considering the increasing requirements imposed by system operators to converter-interfaced systems, guidelines are also given to provide supplementary services such as virtual inertia provision, short-term frequency support, virtual capacitor emulation, and oscillation damping. The provided insights are useful for selecting the appropriate MMC control strategy and for developing new supplementary controls for facilities based on the MMC topology.

Biobased polyester from soybean oil: Synthesis, characterization and degradation studies Bernard, Mariana Del Valle; Nicolau, Veronica Viviana; Strumia, Miriam Cristina Industrially used polymers derived from fossil fuels have a negative environmental impact when being disposed of. They could be efficiently replaced by natural polymers, which are potentially degradable and which can match or even surpass them in mechanical performance. In this work, a rigid thermosetting polymer is obtained by copolymerization of maleinated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (MAESO) with styrene (St). MAESO is synthetized by epoxidation, acrylation and maleinization from industrial soybean oil (SO). Resin characterization is performed using FT-IR,1H NMR and SEC, while copolymer characterization includes a mechanical test, degradation test and SEM. The aim of this work is the replacement of unsaturated polyester (UP) and the optimization of the SO modification reaction in MAESO. The replacement of UP by 25, 50 and 100% of MAESO enables improvements in the mechanical properties. Additionally, it is assessed whether the replacement of UP by MAESO is enough to improve the degradation properties, and the effect of degradation on the mechanical properties is analyzed. MAESO-St copolymers improve the degradation process in relation to UP, and 240 days of in vitro degradation in the presence of Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata fungi causes cracks, surface damage and changes in the mechanical properties of the degraded copolymer.

Response of inflorescence structure and oil yield components to source-sink manipulation by artificial shading in olive Trentacoste, Eduardo; Calvo, Franco Emmanuel; Sánchez, Cecilia L.; Calderón Diaz, Facundo Javier; Banco, Adriana Pamela; Lémole, Georgina Olive yield components are first determined during flowering, ovary growth, and fruit set. However, variations of the assimilates available during these important processes have been little studied. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of source-sink alterations on (i) production of flowers and their structure, (ii) sink responsiveness source activity, and (iii) the relationship between final fruit mass and flower ovary size. Two levels of shading at 50% and 80% were applied in an orchard cv. Arbequina over three seasons, with two durations: short-period (SP, from harvest up to 20 days after flowering) and long-period (LP, continuous shading from beginning to end of the experimental period). An unshaded Control was included. Control presented the highest fruit yield and was 50% greater than both SP50-LP50, and 80% greater than both SP80-LP80. Fruit number was highly responsive to source-sink alterations. The control and both SP50-LP50 treatments presented similar fruit loads, whereas both SP80-LP80 produced 80% less fruits. Source activity alteration during pre-fruit set affected inflorescence structure. By contrast, during the post-fruit set, it drastically reduced inflorescence production. Fruit mass increased mainly due to fruit growth rate in relation to the assimilate. Reduction in ovary mass due to low source activity during pre-fruit set had a slight influence on final fruit mass when source activity was not limited during the post-fruit set period. Fruit oil concentration was highly conservative across a wide range of source-sink ratios.

¿Son todas iguales? García Beaudoux, Virginia Inés Se suele afirmar, sin mayor sustento probatorio, que existe “un estilo de liderazgo femenino”, que se caracteriza por el predominio de habilidades blandas tales como la empatía y la inteligencia interpersonal, así como por un bajo grado de personalización en la toma de decisiones y en la comunicación. En este artículo se cuestionan tales afirmaciones sobre la base de los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo sobre la comunicación de sus liderzgos efectuada en Instagram por una muestra de catorce mujeres que ocupan cargos politicos ejecutivos electivos.

Penetration enhancers for the development of intranasal formulations for use in equines Velloso, María Inés; Landoni, Maria Fabiana The aim of this review is to assess penetration enhancers, such as cyclodextrins, chitosan and their derivatives, surfactants, bileacids, their salts and derivatives, sodium taurodihidrydrofusidate, and phospholipids used in the development of intranasalformulations with a potential application in horses. In the last few years, the interest in the intranasal administration routein humans has grown because it is bloodless, noninvasive, and painless and represents a direct path toward the centralnervous system. However, in equine medicine, the use of this administration route is scarce. Since equines have a nasal cavitywith large surface area and blood irrigation, a high bioavailability of intranasal administered drugs is expected. Nowadays,the development of formulations for intranasal administration in equines is a challenge. The present review proposes theassessment of the characteristics and potential effects of the most important penetration enhancers in the development ofintranasal formulations for use in equines.

Referencias de índice de masa corporal: precisión diagnóstica con área grasa braquial en escolares argentinos; Body mass index references: diagnostic accuracy with theupper-arm fat area in Argentine school children Lomaglio, Delia Beatriz; Marrodán Serrano, María Dolores; Dipierri, José Edgardo; Alfaro Gómez, Emma Laura; Bejarano, Ignacio Felipe; Cesani Rossi, María Florencia; Dahinten, Silvia Lucrecia V.; Garraza, Mariela; Menecier, Natalia; Navazo, Bárbara; Quintero, Fabian Anibal; Román, Estela María; Torres, María Fernanda; Zonta, Maria Lorena El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es una eficaz herramienta para detectar la sobrecarga ponderal en niños y adolescentes, asociado a la adiposidad corporal. Objetivo. Analizar la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de tres referencias internacionales de IMC/edad (OMS, IOTF y CDC) para diagnosticar el exceso ponderal y conocer su precisión diagnóstica para identificar el exceso de adiposidad con relación al área grasa braquial (AGB) en población infanto juvenil de Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo-comparativo y transversal entre 2003 y 2008, en 22.658 niños y adolescentes argentinos de 4 a 13 años de edad. A partir del peso, talla, circunferencia del brazo y pliegue tricipital, se calcularon IMC y AGB. Se analizó la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de referencias de IMC/edad (OMS, CDC, IOTF) y la precisión diagnóstica (curvas ROC) para identificar exceso de adiposidad, a partir del AGB, así como el punto de corte óptimo (PCO). Resultados. Las tres referencias tuvieron buena concordancia. La mayor sensibilidad correspondió a OMS y la mayor especificidad a IOTF. El área bajo la curva (ABC) fue mayor en Z-IMC/IOTF en varones y en Z-IMC/OMS en mujeres. Los PCO mostraron discrepancias, siendo mayores con OMS. Conclusión. Las tres referencias muestran similar precisión diagnóstica para detectar alta reserva calórica, con puntos de corte óptimo para las puntuaciones Z-IMC menores a 2 Z scores. Esto resulta relevante para la identificación de exceso de adiposidad en poblaciones, en relación con la implementación de políticas públicas de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.; Introduction: The body mass index (BMI) is an effective tool to detect weight overload in children and adolescents, associated with body adiposity. Objective. To analyze the concordance, sensitivity and specificity of three international BMI/age references (WHO, IOTF and CDC) to diagnose excess weight and to know their diagnostic accuracy to identify excess adiposity in relation to the brachial fat area (BFA) in Argentine child-youth population. Materials and methods. A multicenter, descriptive-comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out between 2003 and 2008 in 22.658 Argentine children and adolescents between aged 4 to 13 years. From the weight, height, arm circumference and tricipital fold, BMI and BFA were calculated. The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of BMI / age references (WHO, IOTF, CDC,) were analyzed and the diagnostic precision (ROC curves) to identify excess adiposity, from the BFA, as well as the optimal cut-off point (OCP). Results. The three references had good agreement, the highest sensitivity corresponded to WHO and the highest specificity to IOTF. The area under the curve (AUC) was greater in Z-BMI/IOTF in men and in Z-BMI/WHO in women. The OCPs showed discrepancies, being higher with WHO. Conclusion. The three references show similar diagnostic accuracy to detect high caloric reserve, but with cut-off points for Z-BMI scores less than 2 Z scores. This is relevant for the identification of excess adiposity in populations in relation to the implementation of public policies for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.

A mid-fidelity numerical method for blood flow in deformable vessels Mansilla Alvarez, Luis Alonso; Bulant, Carlos Alberto; Ares, G. D.; Feijóo, Raúl Antonino; Blanco, P. J. In this work, a novel fluid–structure interaction algorithm for the simulation of blood flow in three-dimensional deformable vessels is addressed. The method extends the mid-fidelity strategy named as Transversally Enriched Pipe Element Method, extensively tested as an efficient approach to simulate the blood flow under rigid wall hypothesis, by taking into account the distensibility of the lumen boundary by means of an independent ring structural model. The Navier–Stokes equations, in Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, are used as the governing equations for the blood flow dynamics, the vessel wall mechanics is represented through an elastic constitutive law, and the fluid domain deformation problem is explicitly solved by exploiting the layered structure of the geometry discretization associated to the mid-fidelity model. The result is an approximation strategy able to take into account the wall deformation at nearly zero added cost when compared with a rigid wall model. An extensive numerical validation and verification of the proposed methodology is reported employing simple domains and complex patient-specific geometries to highlight the potential for real applications.

Proyecciones probabilísticas de la población argentina; Probabilistic projections of the Argentine population Andreozzi, Lucía En este trabajo se aplican modelos para datos funcionales (MDF) a las cifras de mortalidad y fecundidad de Argentina para obtener sus correspondientes pronósticos probabilísticos y a partir de ellos, proyecciones de población. Este ejercicio resulta interesante frente a las dificultades presentadas en la ronda censal 2020, ya que podría aportar cifras provisorias ante la espera de su realización definitiva. La aplicación de estos modelos a datos de Argentina en base a datos del periodo 1980-2010, año del último censo disponible, demuestra que cuando se cuenta con información para períodos no muy extensos de tiempo y una calidad aceptable de las fuentes de datos, se pueden emplear con éxito para realizar pronósticos probabilísticos. En segundo lugar, se aplica a datos de mortalidad la metodología alternativa de pronósticos coherentes con el fin de evitar una divergencia entre ambos géneros. Finalmente, a partir de los pronósticos de fecundidad (basados en dos hipótesis de fecundidad) y de mortalidad (independientes y coherentes) se elaboran pronósticos estocásticos de la población para hombres y mujeres. En todos los casos evaluados las cifras estimadas se encuentran por encima de las oficiales. Los resultados aquí obtenidos presentan valores coherentes con la teoría demográfica y principalmente garantizan la consistencia probabilística.; In this study, models for functional data (MDF) are applied to the mortality and fertility data from Argentina to obtain their corresponding probabilistic forecasts and, from them, population pro- jections. This exercise is interesting given the difficulties presented in the 2020 census round, as it could provide provisional figures pending its final completion. The application of these models to data from Argentina based on data from the period 1980-2010, the year of the last available census, shows that when there is information for not very long periods of time and an acceptable quality of the data sources, can be used successfully to make probabilistic forecasts. Second, the alternative consistent forecasting methodology is applied to mortality data in order to avoid a divergence between the two genders. Finally, from the fertility forecasts (based on two fertility hypotheses) and mortality (independent and coherent), stochastic forecasts of the population for men and women are elaborated. In all the cases evaluated, the estimated quantities are above the official ones. The results here are consistent with demographic theory and mainly correspond to probabilistic consistency.

The Virtual Museum and Female Joy in Argentina: An Exploration of the Revolt Losiggio, Daniela; Taccetta, Natalia Roberta In reviewing the theory of the museum, art historian Griselda Pollock proposes a “virtual feminist museum,” a gallery that does not exist but proves formidable indeed. According to Pollock, the institutions where art circulates are governed by patriarchal logics of exhibition and conservation. In Walter Benjamin’s terms, Pollock offers a rewriting of art history and a critique of art and society that reveals a historical problem. In the light of these considerations, this article considers the potential contents of a virtual Latin American feminist museum. The widespread Argentine feminist movement #NiUnaMenos (2015) and National Campaign for the Right to Safe, Free, and Legal abortion (since 2005) yielded a vast corpus of images. Through them, this article explores a series of issues at stake in the women networks operating in Latin America today. These pages highlight the pathos of female enjoyment, especially visible in the images: glitter and makeup, nudity and joy.; En passant en revue la théorie du musée, l’historienne de l’art Griselda Pollock propose un «musée féministe virtuel», c’est-à-dire une sorte de galerie matériellement inexistante mais pratiquement formulable. Selon Pollock, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les institutions à travers lesquelles l’art circule sont régies par une logique patriarcale d’exposition et de conservation. En termes de Walter Benjamin, Pollock propose une réécriture de l’histoire de l’art et une critique - de l’art et du social - qui permet de signaler un problème historique. À la lumière de ces considérations, nous nous interrogeons ici sur le contenu d’un musée féministe virtuel latino-américain. La popularisation du mouvement féministe argentin du #NiUnaMenos (2015) et la massification de la Campaña Nacional por el Derecho al Aborto Seguro, Legal y Gratuito (2005) (Campagne nationale pour le droit à un avortement sûr, légal et gratuit) ont produit un immense corpus d’images artistiques et amateurs qui permettent d’explorer une série de problématiques de femmes et de réseaux queers dans la réalité de l’Amérique latine actuelle. Nous aimerions en ces pages mettre en évidence le pathos de la jouissance féminine, lisible surtout dans les images : paillettes et maquillage, nudité et joie.

Les traditions de savoirs dans la culture du manioc en Argentine: Techniques, agriculteurs et la constitution d’un réseau de variétés; Knowledge traditions in cassava cultivation in Argentina: Technicians, farmers and the building of a variety network; Tradiciones de conocimiento en el cultivo de la mandioca en Argentina: Técnicos, agricultores y la constitución de una red de variedades Padawer, Ana A diferencia de otros países de América Latina, la mandioca en Argentina ha sido poco estudiada, probablemente porque se trata de un cultivo de una zona económicamente marginal del país. Sin embargo, el interés ha crecido en los últimos años, a partir de su inclusión en programas de desarrollo destinados a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los pequeños agricultores criollos y las comunidades Mbyà-Guaraní en la selva paranaense, así como por el uso agroindustrial de la raíz tuberosa. Este artículo trata sobre la confluencia de las tradiciones de conocimiento de los técnicos y los agricultores de mandioca en Argentina, cuyo resultado es la configuración de lo que denomino como una «red heterogénea de variedades» que se identifican como aquellas cultivadas más habitualmente. Los linajes genealógicos de las variedades de mandioca que componen esta red son resultado de las tensiones y asimetrías epistemológicas derivadas de las relaciones humanas con el cultivo (vínculos de domesticación selectivos en el caso de los técnicos, y coleccionistas en el caso de los agricultores). Este artículo presenta, además del método y del trabajo de campo, la descripción de las variedades de mandioca, y el análisis de las tradiciones vernáculas y tecnocientíficas de la identificación de variedades de mandioca.; Unlike other Latin American countries, cassava in Argentina has been rarely studied, probably because it is a crop from an economically marginal area of the country. However, interest has increased in recent years, since its inclusion in development programmes aimed at improving the living conditions of small-scale criollo farmers and Mbyà-Guaraní communities in the Parana jungle, as well as in connection with the agro-industrial use of the tuberous root. This paper focuses on the meeting of different traditions of knowledge, that of the technical staff and that of the cassava farmers in Argentina. The result is what we call a “heterogeneous network of varieties” usually grown. The cassava variety lines that make up this network are a result of the epistemological tensions and asymmetries associated with human relations with plant cultivation (selective domestication links by technicians and farmers who act as lineage curators). This article presents, in addition to a description of the method and the fieldwork, a description of the cassava varieties, and an analysis of the vernacular and techno-scientific traditions of cassava variety identification.; À la différence d’autres pays d’Amérique latine, le manioc en Argentine a été peu étudié, probablement parce qu’il s’agit d’une culture d’une zone économiquement marginale du pays. Toutefois, l’intérêt a augmenté depuis son inclusion ces dernières années dans des programmes de développement destinés à améliorer les conditions de vie des petits agriculteurs criollos et les communautés Mbyà-Guaraní dans la forêt tropicale du Paraná, ainsi qu’en lien avec l’utilisation agro-industrielle de la racine tubéreuse. Cet article porte sur la rencontre de différentes traditions de connaissance, celle du personnel technique et celle des agriculteurs de manioc. Les variétés de manioc les plus usuellement cultivées, telles qu’elles sont identifiées par les agriculteurs et les techniciens concernés, forment ce que nous nommons un « réseau hétérogène de variétés ». L’enquête ethnographique menée montre que ce réseau est le résultat de tensions et d’asymétries épistémologiques qui découlent de la domestication sélective réalisée par des techniciens et des agriculteurs qui agissent en conservateurs de lignées. Cet article présente, outre l’exposé de la méthode et du terrain, la description des variétés de manioc, ainsi que l’analyse des traditions vernaculaire et technoscientifique d’identification des variétés.

Evaluation of cytotoxic effect against tumour cells of the acidic polysaccharides of the fungus nothophellinus andinopatagonicus Albornoz, Veronica; Casas Arrojo, Virginia; Figueroa, Fabián; Hernandez, Victor Guillermo; Pérez, Claudia; Rajchenberg, Mario; Smith, Carlos T.; Becerra, José; Cabrera Pardo, Jaime R.; Campos, Víctor L.; Abdala Díaz, Roberto Teófilo Fungal polysaccharides possess an important bioactive potential, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The aim of this work was to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against tumour and non-tumour cell lines acidic polysaccharides (NAAPs) of the fungus Nothophellinus andinopatagonicus. The effect of NAAPs on tumour cells lines was evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The analyses determined that glucose was the most abundant monomer and IR spectrum showed the typical peaks of β-glucans in the NAAPs. The cell viability assays revealed significant activity of NAAPs against HL-60, HCT-116 and MCF-7 tumour cell lines (IC50 = 767,16 µg mL-1 , 1256 µg mL-1 and 4241,7 µg mL-1 , respectively); but a much lower cytotoxicity against the non-tumour cell line HGF-1 (outside the range of the highest concentration tested (>10 mg mL-1 )). NAAPs affected the cell cycle of HL-60 tumour cells, increasing the percentage of cells in the sub G1 phase and reducing it in the S/G2/M phases. Moreover, low concentrations of NAAPs also showed an effective cytotoxic activity against tumour cell lines while the non-tumour cell line was unaffected, maintaining a viability close to 100%. The antioxidant activity of the highest NAAPs concentration tested was 6.24% and 4.63%, for DPPH and ABTS method, respectively.

La municipalidad de Paraná: contexto, actores y aspectos económicos (1860-1862); Municipality of Parana: Context, Actors and Economic Aspects (1860-1862) Kozul, Pedro Rodolfo El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones forjadas entre la municipalidad de Paraná con otras autoridades y actores locales, como también, con el gobierno provincial de Entre Ríos, durante el proceso de organización del estado nacional argentino. Reconstruimos sus tipos de ingresos, servicios y establecimientos que tuvo a su cargo, los problemas que debió afrontar y los perfiles de sus municipales. Además, consideramos las importantes transformaciones jurisdiccionales que experimentó esta ciudad tras la federalización de su territorio. Argumentamos que la municipalidad fue el primer cuerpo colegiado, con recursos propios y elegido por la comunidad de Paraná; cuyos miembros acompañaron la adquisición de potestades y prerrogativas que intentó concentrar una institución totalmente nueva en el espacio rioplatense.; This article seeks to analyze the relationships forged between the municipality of Parana and other authorities and local actors, as well as the provincial government of Entre Rios, during the organization of the Argentine national state. We reconstruct their types of income, services, and sites for which they were responsible, the problems they had to address and the profiles of their municipalities. In addition, we examine the major jurisdictional transformations this city experienced after the federalization of its territory. We argue that the municipality was the first collegiate body, with its own resources and elected by the community of Parana, whose members accompanied the acquisition of powers and prerogatives that sought to concentrate a totally new institution in the River Plate area.

Not all zombies are created equal. A Marxist-Minskyan taxonomy of firms: United States, 1950-2019 Aguila, Nicolas; Graña, Juan Martin The ‘zombie’ literature emphasizes the financial characteristics of firms and focuses on financial channels to explain their rise. This is incomplete because it conflates together firms with very different productive characteristics. Drawing on Marx and Minsky’s insights, we build a taxonomy of firms showing both their productive and financial characteristics based on the rate of profit of enterprise and the interplay between its three determinants: the profit rate, the difference between the profit and the interest rate, and the leverage ratio. Considering the different possible combinations of these variables, we classify firms into seven types: normal and regular small capitals (hedge finance); speculative small, super small, and leveraged small capitals (speculative finance); and financially stressed small and zombie capitals (Ponzi finance). We show the composition and evolution of U.S. listed firms as well as relevant descriptive statistics by type of firm from 1950 to 2019. Our main finding is that the principal problem of U.S. firms is productive, not financial, as there is a high share of firms with increasingly negative profitability even before the payment of interest and despite having relatively low leverage.

Pandemic and social protest in Latin America: Trends, actors and demands of social and labor conflict in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. 2019-2020; Pandemia y protesta social en América Latina: Tendencias, actores y demandas de la conflictividad social y laboral en Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Colombia. 2019-2020 Nava, Agustín; Grigera, Juan Francisco En este artículo presentaremos un mapa de la protesta social en Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Colombia durante el periodo 2019-2020, exponiendo desde un abordaje cuantitativo las tendencias, intensidades, formatos, actores y demandas de la conflictividad social y laboral. El objetivo es, en primer lugar, pensar en términos comparativos cuáles son los cambios y continuidades de la conflictividad social y laboral en el escenario post-pandemia. Por otro lado, buscamos también dar cuenta de cuáles son las tendencias comunes y disimilitudes de la protesta social en cada uno de los países de América Latina seleccionados.; This article maps social protest in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia during the 2019-2020 period, exposing, from a quantitative approach, the trends, intensity, formats, actors and demands of social and labor conflict. The purpose is to analyze the relationship between social protest and pandemics from a broad time frame (2019-2020) and in comparative terms. The objective is to think about the changes and continuities of social and labor conflict in the post-pandemic scenario. In addition, it also seeks to account for the common trends and dissimilarities of social protest in the selected cases.

Llorando en el espejo: poéticas y políticas sexuales de la belleza en el cine; Crying in front of the mirror: sexual politics of beauty in cinema Kratje, Julia Este artículo se propone indagar un conjunto de problemas en torno a la figuración de la belleza femenina en el cine argentino contemporáneo. Para ello, se toma en consideración la historia de los certámenes regionales, las condiciones de visibilidad de los cuerpos y la crítica de los parámetros estéticos convencionales. El objetivo es analizar comparativamente los documentales La Reina (2013), de Manuel Abramovich, y La más bella niña (2004), de Mariano Llinás, a la luz de diversas producciones fílmicas argentinas e internacionales que ponen en escena nuevas derivas para enfocar viejas preguntas alrededor de la política sexual de la belleza.; This article aims to study a set of problematics related to the representation of female beauty in contemporary Argentine cinema focusing on the history of regional beauty pageants, the way bodies are displayed, and the critique of conventional aesthetic parameters. The objective is to comparatively analyze the documentaries la Reina (2013), by Manuel Abramovich, and La más bella niña (2004), by Mariano Llinás, which demonstrate new approaches to old questions about the sexual politics of beauty.