Shifted varieties and discrete neighborhoods around varieties Von zur Gathen, Joachim; Matera, Guillermo In the area of symbolic-numerical computation within computer algebra, an interesting question is how “close” a random input is to the “critical” ones. Examples are the singular matrices in linear algebra or the polynomials with multiple roots for Newton's root-finding method. Bounds, sometimes very precise, are known for the volumes over or of such neighborhoods of the varieties of “critical” inputs; see the references below. This paper deals with the discrete version of this question: over a finite field, how many points lie in a certain type of neighborhood around a given variety? A trivial upper bound on this number is given by the product (size of the variety) ⋅ (size of a neighborhood of a point). It turns out that this bound is usually asymptotically tight, in particular for the singular matrices, polynomials with multiple roots, and pairs of non-coprime polynomials. The interesting question then is: for which varieties is this bound not asymptotically tight? We show that these are precisely those that admit a shift, that is, where one absolutely irreducible component of maximal dimension is a shift (translation by a fixed nonzero point) of another such component. Furthermore, the shift-invariant absolutely irreducible varieties are characterized as being cylinders over some base variety. Computationally, determining whether a given variety is shift-invariant turns out to be intractable, namely NP-hard even in simple cases.

Cápsides virales como vacunas contra fiebre aftosa: Selección, potenciación y estudio de la respuesta inmune inducida en el modelo murino; Viral capsids as vaccines against foot and mouth disease: Selection, enhancement and study of the unmune response induced in the murine model Zamorano, Patricia Ines; Zabal, Osvaldo Alfredo; Quattrocchi, Valeria; Langellotti, Cecilia Ana; Bidart, Juan Esteban; Kornuta, Claudia Alejandra; Angeletti, Pamela Maisa La Fiebre Aftosa (FA) es causada por el virus del mismo nombre (VFA). El sistema inmunológico de animales infectados reconoce epítopes conformacionales de la cápside e induce anticuerpos neutralizantes que son el requisito importante para la protección. La vacuna que se utiliza consiste en VFA químicamente inactivado con adyuvante oleoso. Su producción presenta desventajas: la necesidad de instalaciones de alta seguridad biológica, la de realizar controles para eliminar la posibilidad de inactivación incompleta del virus, y que algunos serotipos y subtipos tienen problemas para crecer en cultivos celulares.Esta propuesta —en el marco de una línea de investigación mundial— busca generar una vacuna contra VFA que no esté basada en virus infectivo y su inactivación. Las formulaciones de vacunas basadas en partículas similares al virus (VLP) tienen la ventaja de evitar el peligro biológico de usar el virus de la fiebre aftosa infecciosa, aunque son poco inmunogénicas. Por lo tanto, se evaluaron los efectos adyuvantes de ISPA, un nuevo Complejo Estimulante Inmunológico e ISA 206 (agua/ aceite/ agua) en una vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa basada en VLP.Se obtuvieron VLP (cepa A/ Argentina/ 2001) en cultivos de células de mamíferos y se evaluó en ratones la provocación de una respuesta inmune contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa con y sin ISPA o ISA 206 en ratones como un primer enfoque. En particular, las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206 indujeron protección contra el desafío viral en el 100 % de los ratones, mientras que la protección inducida por VLPs solas fue del 40 %. Los anticuerpos totales y neutralizantes contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa fueron más altos en los grupos VLP-ISPA y VLP-ISA 206 en comparación con el grupo VLP. VLPs-ISPA indujo títulos de IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b e IgG3 significativamente más altos (p <0,001) que la vacuna VLP. Además, en comparación con las VLP sin adyuvante, las VLP-ISPA y las VLP-ISA 206 provocaron una mayor respuesta T específica del virus, incluida una mayor producción de linfocitos de IFNγ + / CD8 + en ratones. Cuando estas vacunas se probaron en terneros, los títulos de anticuerpos alcanzaron un porcentaje de protección esperado (EPP) superior al 90 % en el caso de las vacunas VLPs-ISPA y VLPs-ISA 206, mientras que, en el grupo de VLP, la EPP alcanzó el 25 %. Los niveles de IFN-γ secretados por células mononucleares de ganado vacuno vacunado con VLP-ISPA fueron significativamente más altos que en el grupo de VLP. En general, los resultados demuestran que VLPs-ISPA o VLPs-ISA 206 son formulaciones prometedoras para el desarrollo de una nueva vacuna contra la fiebre aftosa.

Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina Panzeri, Karen Magalí; Gouiric Cavalli, Soledad; Cione, Alberto Luis; Fillippi, Leonardo The fossil record of dipnoans is mostly represented by tooth plates and jaw bones, whereas nearly complete or complete skulls are rare. Here, we describe a new dipnoan from the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina) using three-dimensional renderings generated by CT scans. It consists of a near-complete skull and postcranial material. Rinconodus salvadori n. gen., n. sp. is diagnosed by a combination of features, such as medial series composed of two unpaired bones, mediolateral series composed of two paired bones, lateral series with at least one bone, medial edge of tooth plates longer than the lingual edge and equally curved, upper tooth plates contiguous or close to one another with five denticulations, lower tooth plates widely separated with four denticulations, first denticulation of upper tooth plates longer and thinner than the remaining denticulations, and posteriorly curved, first denticulation of lower tooth plates relatively straight and longer than the remaining ones, among other characters. The new species is based on the first two nearly complete Santonian dipnoan skulls from South America. Moreover, the materials presented here are the geologically youngest dipnoan remains consisting of a near-complete skull and postcranium from the Cretaceous of Gondwana.

Environmental education in Brazil: trends and gaps from 2015 to 2019; Educação ambiental no Brasil: tendências e lacunas de 2015 a 2019; Educación ambiental en Brasil: tendencias y brechas de 2015 a 2019 Cararo, Emanuel Rampanelli; Chimello, Valéria Ferrarini; Piovezana, Leonel; Alves Lima Rezende, Cássia; Santos, Jorge Alejandro; Rezende, Renan de Souza Here we carried out a review of the open-access literature concerning Environmental Education in the prominent Brazilian journals from 2015 to 2019, aiming to provide trends in the field of Environmental Education Research in Brazil and highlighted well-studied areas and potential research gaps. We found a total of 695 articles from four scientific journals that met the selection criteria, and identified five key results: i) a predominance of qualitative research approach; ii) sex-biased authorshipskewed towards women; iii) high educational attainment, led by authors with doctoral degrees; iv) a majority of authors affiliated to public institutions, and v) a predominance of authors from institutions at the southeast region of Brazil. Therefore, ourresults highlight that the major gaps to be filled in Environmental Education are the lack of quantitative studies, low scientific production by private universities, and centralization of production in the southeast and south regions.; Aqui realizamos uma revisão da literatura de acesso aberto sobre Educação Ambiental nos principais periódicos brasileiros de 2015 a 2019, com o objetivo de fornecer tendências no campo da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental no Brasil e destacar áreas bem estudadas e potenciais lacunas de pesquisa. Encontramos um total de 695 artigos de quatro revistas científicas que atenderam aos critérios de seleção e identificamos cinco resultados principais: i) predominância da abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa; ii) autoria com viés de sexo voltado para as mulheres; iii) alto nível educacional, liderado por autores com doutorado; iv) maioria de autores vinculados a instituições públicas, e v) predominância de autores de instituições da região sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, nossos resultados destacam que as principais lacunas a serem preenchidas na Educação Ambiental são a falta de estudos quantitativos, a baixa produção científica das universidades privadas e a centralização da produção nas regiões Sudeste e Sul.; Aquí llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura de acceso abierto sobre Educación Ambiental en las principales revistas brasileñas de 2015 a 2019, con el objetivo de proporcionar tendencias en el campo de la Investigación en Educación Ambiental en Brasil y destacar áreas bien estudiadas y posibles lagunas de investigación. Encontramos un total de 695 artículos de cuatro revistas científicas que cumplieron con los criterios de selección e identificamos cinco resultados clave: i) un predominio del enfoque de investigación cualitativo; ii) autoría con sesgo sexual hacia las mujeres; iii) alto nivel educativo, liderado por autores con doctorado; iv) mayoría de autores afiliados a instituciones públicas, yv) predominio de autores de instituciones de la región sureste de Brasil. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados destacan que los principales vacíos a ser llenados en Educación Ambiental son la falta de estudios cuantitativos, la baja producción científica de las universidades privadas y la centralización de la producción en las regiones del sureste y sur.

Characteristics and birth outcomes of pregnant adolescents compared to older women: An analysis of individual level data from 140,000 mothers from 20 RCTs Akseer, Nadia; Keats, Emily Catherine; Thurairajah, Pravheen; Cousens, Simon; Bétran, Ana Pilar; Oaks, Brietta M.; Osrin, David; Piwoz, Ellen; Gomo, Exnevia; Ahmed, Faruk; Friis, Henrik; Belizan, Jose; Dewey, Kathryn; West, Keith; Huybregts, Lieven; Zeng, Lingxia; Dibley, Michael J.; Zagre, Noel; Christian, Parul; Kolsteren, Patrick Wilfried; Kaestel, Pernille; Black, Robert E.; El Arifeen, Shams; Ashorn, Ulla; Fawzi, Wafaie; Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed; The Global Young Women's Nutrition Investigators Group Background: Adolescence is a critical period of maturation when nutrient needs are high, especially among adolescents entering pregnancy. Using individual-level data from 140,000 participants, we examined socioeconomic, nutrition, and pregnancy and birth outcomes for adolescent mothers (10–19 years) compared to older mothers in low and middle-income countries. Methods: This study was conducted between March 16, 2018 and May 25, 2021. Data were obtained from 20 randomised controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy. Stratified analyses were conducted by age (10–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–19 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40+ years) and geographical region (Africa, Asia). Crude and confounder-adjusted means, prevalence and relative risks of pregnancy, nutrition and birth outcomes were estimated using multivariable linear and log-binomial regression models with 95% confidence intervals. Findings: Adolescent mothers comprised 31.6% of our data. Preterm birth, small-for-gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW) and newborn mortality followed a U-shaped trend in which prevalence was highest among the youngest mothers (10–14 years) and then reduced gradually, but increased again for older mothers (40+ years). When compared to mothers aged 20–29 years, there was a 23% increased risk of preterm birth, a 60% increased risk of perinatal mortality, a 63% increased risk of neonatal mortality, a 28% increased risk of LBW, and a 22% increased risk of SGA among mothers 10–14 years. Mothers 40+ years experienced a 22% increased risk of preterm birth and a 103% increased risk of stillbirth when compared to the 20–29 year group. Interpretation: The youngest and oldest mothers suffer most from adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Policy and programming agendas should consider both biological and socioeconomic/environmental factors when targeting these populations. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant No: OP1137750).

Allelochemicals from native plants of Argentina: Control of stored grains fungi Sampietro, Diego Alejandro Grain rot is caused by Fusarium and Aspergillus fungal species, these also cause major diseases in cereal crops. They reduce crops yields and contaminate the grains with mycotoxins (secondary metabolites produced by fungi), harmful to health of humans and livestock. Currently these are controlled by fungicides (i.e. azoles) before harvest and by food preservatives (i.e. short chain fatty acids and their salts). These compounds have several disadvantages, hence, are currently under strong scrutiny. Plant allelochemicals (phenolics) and essential oils are an alternative to replace the present commercial fungicides. These are only a small fraction of all allelochemicals available. This review, describes the current status to control grain rot fungi with plant allelochemicals, to search these compounds and our own research results to use the allelochemicals of native Argentinian plants against Fusarium and Aspergillus species.

Procesamiento emocional en niños y adolescentes según sexo; Emotional Processing in Children and Adolescents According to Sex Mina, Leonel Simon; Bakker, Liliana; Rubiales, Josefina; Funes, Nicolás Objetivo: analizar el procesamiento emocional en niños, niñas y adolescentes argentinos de edad escolar según sexo. Método: estudio descriptivo-comparativo con un diseño ex post facto, transversal. Participaron en la investigación 67 mujeres y 74 varones escolarizados de entre 7 y 14 años dividido en tres franjas etarias. Para evaluar el procesamiento emocional se utilizaron las 60 imágenes específicas para niños y adolescentes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS), y para medir los juicios evaluativos se utilizó el Self Assessment Manikin (SAM). Resultados: la distribución de las imágenes muestra una correlación moderada negativa entre dos dimensiones afectivas básicas del procesamiento emocional, la valencia afectiva y la activación fisiológica, con valores similares en ambos sexos. Las mujeres puntuaron más bajo que los varones en valencia y arousal, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los varones evaluaron los estímulos aversivos con menor grado de activación y los estímulos agradables con mayor activación. En general, se observa mayor agrupamiento de las imágenes desagradables y neutras en las mujeres respecto de las de los varones. Conclusión: en ambos sexos se presentó una relación inversa entre valencia y arousal, evidenciada en mayor activación ante imágenes desagradables, lo cual demostraría una tendencia evitativa cuando los niveles de arousal son elevados. Las mujeres reaccionaron a las imágenes desagradables con mayor intensidad mientras que los varones, valoraron las imágenes agradables con mayor intensidad.; Objective: to analyze emotional processing in Argentine school-age children and adolescents according to sex. Method: descriptive-comparative study with an ex post facto, cross-sectional design. 67 girls and 74 schooled boys aged between 7 and 14, participated in the research divided into three age ranges. The 60 specific images for children and adolescents from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were used to assess emotional processing, and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was used to measure evaluative judgments. Results: the distribution of the images shows a moderate negative correlation between valence and arousal, with similar values in both sexes. Women scored lower in valence and arousal compared to men, although without statistically significant differences. The men evaluated the aversive stimuli with a lower degree of activation and the pleasant stimuli with greater activation. In general, a greater grouping of unpleasant and neutral images is observed in women compared to those of men. Conclusion: in both sexes there was an inverse relationship between valence and arousal, evidenced in greater activation in the face of unpleasant images, which would demonstrate an avoidance trend when arousal levels are high. Females reacted to unpleasant images with greater intensity while males rated pleasant images with higher degree.

Pensamento Feminista Latino-Americano: Reflexões sobre a colonialidade do saber/poder e da sexualidade; Pensamiento feminista Latinoamericano: Reflexiones sobre la colonialidad del saber/ poder y la sexualidad Bard Wigdor, Gabriela; Artazo, Gabriela Cristina; Soares Nascimento, Mariana Para serem reconhecidos e reconstruírem uma visão de mundo própria, os movimentos feministas latino-americanos tiveram que assumir sua genealogia, fruto da colonialidade, e lutar contra ela. A resistência ao genocídio indígena e à escravidão, à violência sexual da colonização, à negação da própria cultura, bem como à inferiorização de suas capacidades de conhecimento e miscigenação compulsiva, tornaram-se eixos de reflexão e organização. Mesmo assim, o feminismo latino-americano deve ser reconhecido em uma posição subalterna no que se refere aos movimentos feministas europeus e norte-americanos, mas também dentro do próprio pensamento latino-americano, que sistematicamente ignorou e tornou invisíveis as epistemologias do feminismo e suas contribuições à teoria crítica. Este artigo visa contribuir para a reconstrução dos alicerces fundamentais para o feminismo na região, e, também desenvolver ferramentas teóricas que deem conta dos processos de subalternidade das mulheres e expressões de gênero não dominantes nos níveis geopolítico, econômico, social e de gênero, para além da narrativa eurocêntrica dominante. Devido a situação em que nós povos latino-americanos nos encontramos, torna-se uma tarefa política e científica urgente fazer parte da recuperação e elaboração de teorias feministas e decolonais que pensem a região.; Para identificarse y reconstruir una visión de mundo propia, los movimientos feministas latinoamericanos debieron asumir una genealogía producto de la colonialidad y rebelarse contra ella. La resistencia al genocidio indígena y a la esclavitud, a la violencia sexual de la colonización, a la negación de la propia cultura; así como a la inferiorización de sus capacidades de conocimiento y el mestizaje compulsivo, fueron ejes de reflexión y organización. Asimismo, el feminismo latinoamericano debe reconocerse en una posición subalterna respecto a los feminismos europeos y norteamericanos, pero también al interior del propio pensamiento latinoamericano, que sistemáticamente desconoció e invisibilizó las epistemologías del feminismo y sus aportes a la teoría crítica. El presente artículo se propone aportar a la reconstrucción de los ejes que han sido centrales para el feminismo de la región, así como desarrollar las herramientas teóricas que intentan abordar los procesos de subalternidad de las mujeres y expresiones de género no dominantes a nivel geopolítico, económico, social y de género, más allá del relato eurocéntrico dominante. Dada la situación en que nos encontramos los pueblos latinoamericanos, ser parte de la recuperación y elaboración de teorías feministas latinoamericanas y decoloniales que piensen la región, se torna una tarea política y científica urgente.

The Canny–Emiris Conjecture for the Sparse Resultant D'Andrea, Carlos; Jeronimo, Gabriela Tali; Sombra, Martín We present a product formula for the initial parts of the sparse resultant associated with an arbitrary family of supports, generalizing a previous result by Sturmfels. This allows to compute the homogeneities and degrees of this sparse resultant, and its evaluation at systems of Laurent polynomials with smaller supports. We obtain an analogous product formula for some of the initial parts of the principal minors of the Sylvester-type square matrix associated with a mixed subdivision of a polytope. Applying these results, we prove that under suitable hypothesis, the sparse resultant can be computed as the quotient of the determinant of such a square matrix by one of its principal minors. This generalizes the classical Macaulay formula for the homogeneous resultant and confirms a conjecture of Canny and Emiris.

A new species of Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae) from South America Piñanez Espejo, Yolanda María Guadalupe; Munévar, Ana; Kochalka, John A. Orthobula Simon, 1897 is a group of very small litter-dwelling spiders with a tropical and subtropical distribution. The genus comprises 18 species, without any records in the Neotropical realm yet. Here we describe O. sudamericana sp. nov., distributed in Argentina and Paraguay. The new species appears to be most closely related to O. chayuensis Yang, Song and Zhu, 2003. The male also resembles O. charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986). Orthobula sudamericana sp. nov. females differ from these species by the straight and parallel insemination ducts, and males by the centrally located, Ushaped sperm duct. Further, we summarize details on its natural history and habitat characteristics.

Los límites de las perspectivas teóricas liberales para estudiar las democracias en las provincias argentinas; The limits of liberal theoretical perspectives to study democracies in Argentine states Campos, Hernán El artículo propuso identificar algunos elementos teóricos epistémicos para repensar las democracias en las provincias de Argentina, en especial la de Santiago del Estero. El interés surge de un proceso de investigación sobre las redes partidarias, en donde se indaga sobre las formas de construir representación política y democracia. Se exploraron los artículos de Gibson: “Autoritarismo subnacional: estrategias territoriales de control político en regímenes democráticos”, y de Gervasoni: “Democracia, autoritarismo e hibridez en las provincias argentinas: la medición y las causas de los regímenes subnacionales”, para tensionar las bases liberales del pensamiento de estos autores. La posibilidad de pensar los aspectos epistemológicos, no es a los fines de descalificar o de señalar la inviabilidad de sus argumentos, sino de ir más allá. Advirtiendo la necesidad de la reflexividad del sujeto investigador. Es decir, objetivar la situacionalidad desde donde se piensa, de lo que se dice y de los efectos políticos del saber académico.; The article set out to identify some epistemic theoretical elements to rethink democracies in the provinces of Argentina, especially Santiago del Estero. The interest arises from a process of research on party networks, in which the forms of constructing political representation and democracy are investigated. The articles by Gibson: “Subnational authoritarianism: territorial strategies of political control in democratic regimes”, and Gervasoni: “Democracy, authoritarianism and hybridity in the Argentine provinces: the measurement and causes of subnational regimes”, were explored in order to test the liberal bases of these authors’ thinking. The possibility of thinking about epistemological aspects is not for the purpose of disqualifying or pointing out the unfeasibility of their arguments, but to go beyond them. It is to note the need for reflexivity on the part of the research subject. That is to say, to objectify the situationality of where one thinks, of what is said and of the political effects of academic knowledge.

Solar Energy in Argentina Bragagnolo, Julio A.; Taretto, Kurt Rodolfo; Navntoft, Christian There is a large gap between the vast solar resources and the magnitude of solar energy deployment in Argentina. In the case of photovoltaics, the country only reached the 1000 GWh electricity generated yearly landmark in 2020. Solar thermal technology is even less developed, in part due to the low natural gas prices resulting from political strategies that aim to soften the impact of an unstable economy on family budgets. This review describes this gap by summarizing the current state of Argentine solar energy. We summarize the fundamental legal and strategic tools which are available for solar energy deployment, survey the penetration of solar energy into the country?s energy landscape, identify national contributions to the local value chain, and review past and present research and development achievements. Both photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies show a historical fluctuation between local technology development and imported technology and know-how. Finally, a discussion on the main ingredients required to abridge Argentina?s solar gap indicates that stronger, consistent long-term strategies are required in Argentina in order to take advantage of the present window of opportunity, and to play a considerable role in the global energy transition.

Hacia la evaluación perceptual forense: Transformación de puntajes de similitud a relaciones de verosimilitud. Parte 2: hablantes femeninos Masessa, Evangelina; Suligoy, Stefanía; Molina, N.; Torres, Humberto Maximiliano; Univaso, Pedro; Gurlekian, Jorge Alberto Objetivo: obtener las distribuciones probabilísticas de las respuestas a la evaluación de pares de voces femeninas provenientes de la misma y diferentes hablantes que permiten desarrollar el método indirecto para el cálculo del cociente de verosimilitudes (LR). Desarrollo experimental: se inicia con la creación de una base de datos que considera el diseño de 2520 frases, las cuales serán emitidas por 40 hablantes femeninos nativos de Argentina, en distintas sesiones. Se crearon estímulos con pares de frases provenientes de la misma y de distintas hablantes combinando frases diferentes grabadas en distintas sesiones. Se realizó la evaluación auditiva de los pares donde los oyentes debían indicar si las dos frases habían sido generadas por un mismo hablante o por distintas hablantes, indicando el grado de confianza en la respuesta. Resultados: a partir de las respuestas de los evaluadores, se estimaron las funciones de densidad de probabilidad para pares provenientes del mismo hablante y de diferentes hablantes. Al comparar las respuestas acumulativas de 1 a 5 oyentes para comprobar el efecto del número de evaluadores en las distribuciones obtenidas, se verifica una disminución en las mediciones de error efectuadas.Conclusiones: La evaluación perceptual de voces permite representar las funciones distribución de probabilidad de las respuestas a pares de voces de un mismo y diferentes hablantes provenientes de una población de hablantes nativos femeninos. Con las distribuciones estimadas será posible realizar la conversión del puntaje resultante de las comparaciones de la evidencia a los cocientes de verosimilitudes, denominado en el ámbito forense como la fuerza de la evidencia.; : Objective: to obtain the probabilistic distributions of the responses to the evaluation of pairs of female voices coming from the same and different speakers that allow the development of the indirect method for the calculation of the likelihood ratio (LR). Experimental development: it starts with the development of a database that considers the design of 2520 sentences, which will be emitted by 40 female native speakers from Argentina, in different sessions. Pairs of sentences from the same and different speakers were created by combining different sentences recorded in different sessions. The auditory evaluation of the pairs was carried out where the listeners had to indicate whether the two sentences had been generated by the same speaker or by different speakers, indicating the degree of confidence in the response. Results: from the evaluators' responses, probability density functions were obtained for pairs coming from the same speaker and from different speakers. When comparing the cumulative responses from 1 to 5 listeners to check the effect of the number of evaluators on the distributions obtained, a decrease in the error measurements was verified. Conclusions: The perceptual evaluation of voices makes it possible to represent the probability distribution functions of the responses to pairs of voices from the same and different speakers from a population of female native speakers. With the distributions obtained it will be possible to convert the score resulting from the evidence comparisons into likelihood ratios, known in the forensic field as "the strength of the evidence".

Tolerancia al estrés por sal y cadmio en cuatro genotipos de Medicago sativa L; Salt and Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Four Genotypes of Medicago sativa L Pacheco Insausti, María Cecilia; Zapico, Martín Gonzalo; González, Evelyn A.; Fernández, Eliana; Gutiérrez, Mariano H.; Stege, Patricia Wanda; Pedranzani, Hilda Elizabeth Objetivo: Evaluar la tolerancia de cuatro genotipos de Medicago sativa L. a la salinidad y cadmio, mediante el estudio de la geminación, parámetros de crecimiento, pigmentos fotosintéticos y respuesta osmocompatible. Materiales y métodos: El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial: tipo de genotipo: CW 197, Trinidad 87, CW 660 y Salina PV y niveles de estrés salino (NaCl) y cadmio (Cl2Cd) estrés. Se realizó ANOVA factorial para identificar la influencia de las condiciones de estrés en las variables medidas, se realizaron análisis de comparaciones múltiples de medias cuando se encontró un efecto significativo. Se sembraron 20 semillas por triplicado regadas con agua (control) y soluciones entre 10 a 200 mM de NaCl y 100 a 500 µM de Cl2Cd para el estudio de germinación. En plántulas de cuatro semanas crecidas en terrinas regadas con solución nutritiva (control) y concentraciones crecientes de NaCl (50-200 mM) y Cl2Cd (25µM-100 µM) se midieron crecimiento, prolina y pigmentos fotosintéticos. Resultados: Bajo salinidad, los genotipos CW179 y CW660 fueron tolerantes a la salinidad en la germinación, y los genotipos Salina PV y Trinidad 87 fueron más tolerantes durante el crecimiento. En respuesta a Cd, los genotipos mostraron tolerancia durante el crecimiento. La prolina fue osmoprotectora frente a la salinidad, pero no contra el estrés por Cd. Los pigmentos fotosintéticos disminuyeron con el estrés salino; sin embargo, Cd no los afectó. Conclusión: El genotipo CW 660 fue el más tolerante a la salinidad y al Cd durante la germinación. Se concluye que los genotipos Trinidad 87 y Salina PV son tolerantes a la sal y los genotipos CW 197 y CW 660 son sensibles, durante el crecimiento. Bajo estrés por Cd, todos los genotipos mostraron tolerancia durante el crecimiento. La prolina y los pigmentos fotosintéticos fueron indicadores de tolerancia al estrés salino.; Objective: To evaluate the tolerance of four genotypes of Medicago sativa L. to salinity and cadmium, through the study of germination, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and osmocompatible response. Materials and methods: The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: type of genotype: CW 197, Trinidad 87, CW 660 and Salina PV and levels of saline (NaCl) and cadmium (Cl2 Cd) stress. Factorial ANOVA was performed to identify the influence of stress conditions on the measured variables, multiple comparisons analyse of means were performed when a significant effect was found. Twenty seeds were sown in triplicate irrigated with water (control) and solutions between 10 to 200 mM of NaCl and 100 to 500 µM of Cl2 Cd for the germination study. Growth, proline, and photosynthetic pigments were measured in 4-week-old seedlings grown in pots irrigated with nutrient solution (control) and increasing concentrations of NaCl (50-200 mM) and Cl2 Cd (25-100 µM). Results: Under salinity, the CW179 and CW660 genotypes were tolerant to salinity at germination, and the Salina PV and Trinidad 87genotypes were more tolerant during growth. In response to Cd, the genotypes showed tolerance during growth. Proline was osmoprotective against salinity, but not against Cd stress. Photosynthetic pigments decreased with salt stress; however, Cd did not affect them. Conclusion: The CW 660 genotype was the most tolerant to salinity and Cd during germination. It is concluded that the Trinidad 87 and Salina PV genotypes are tolerant to salt and the CW 197 and CW 660 genotypes are sensitive during growth. Under Cd stress, all genotypes showed tolerance during growth. Proline and photosynthetic pigments were indicators of tolerance to salt stress.

Role of iodine recycling on sea‐salt aerosols in the global marine boundary layer Li, Qinyi; Tham, Yee Jun; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; He, Xu-Cheng; Cuevas, Carlos Alberto; Saiz López, Alfonso Heterogeneous uptake of hypoiodous acid (HOI), the dominant inorganic iodine species in the marine boundary layer (MBL), on sea-salt aerosol (SSA) to form iodine monobromide and iodine monochloride has been adopted in models with assumed efficiency. Recently, field measurements have reported a much faster rate of this recycling process than previously assumed in models. Here, we conduct global model simulations to quantify the range of effects of iodine recycling within the MBL, using Conventional, Updated, and Upper-limit coefficients. When considering the Updated coefficient, iodine recycling significantly enhances gaseous inorganic iodine abundance (∼40%), increases halogen atom production rates (∼40% in I, >100% in Br, and ∼60% in Cl), and reduces oxidant levels (−7% in O3, −2% in OH, and −4% in HO2) compared to the simulation without the process. We appeal for further direct measurements of iodine species, laboratory experiments on the controlling factors, and multiscale simulations of iodine heterogeneous recycling.

Una salud en El Molino Gamboa, María Inés; Osen, Beatriz Amelia; Butti, Marcos Javier; Corbalán, Valeria Vanesa; Lagala, Fiamma Hebe; Vazzano, M.; Antonini, A.; Barrera, V.; Luna, C.; Acosta, C.; Nigro, J.; Salvador, L.; Barrena, P.; Bonzo, E.; Muller, R. J.; Rodriguez, M.; Ciarmela, L.; Solís, AA; Terminello, J.; Borrelli, Salvador Osvaldo; Gavalda, F.; Urbiztondo, M.; Oliveras Barri, P.; Guzman Loza, A.; Palancar, T.; Trocozo, M. I.; Oliva, D.; Wolcan, S.; Falcone, S.; Palau, G.; Radman, Nilda Ester Las áreas vulnerables están constituidas por urbanizaciones informales, densas, con viviendas precarias, sin acceso a instalaciones sanitarias adecuadas, ocupadas por poblaciones de bajo nivel socioeconómico y educativo (Abaleron, 1995). En estas poblaciones, es común la presencia de parasitosis intes-tinales de elevada intensidad en niños, así como la falta de cuidados de las mascotas por parte de los dueños (Radman y col., 2014).Los caninos suelen alimentarse con desechos y a menudo realizan coprofagia de heces humanas, domésticos favorece la presencia y el mantenimiento de infecciones, reinfecciones y coinfecciones (Gamboa y col., 2009).

Abundance, diversity, and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in horticultural soils under different management systems in a tomato-producing area in Argentina Salas, Augusto; Barrera, Marcelo Daniel; Achinelly, Maria Fernanda Monitoring the diversity and structure of plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) communities together with developing appropriate control strategies can reduce the occurrence of these pathogens and other plant pests in horticultural crops. In this context a study of the abundance, frequency, diversity and distribution of PPN in horticultural soils under glasshouse conditions from the Green Belt of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, under different management systems was undertaken. Soil samples were collected from three horticultural areas with different tomato crop managements: agroecological crop (AC); organic crop with Brassicaceae soil amendments (OC); intensive conventional crop treated with methyl bromide (MeBr) (IC). The parameters evaluated were: nematode genera richness (G); Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') (Hutcheson's t-test was applied for this index); equitability index (E); abundance; and frequency of genera. ANOSIM and SIMPER statistical analyses were performed to find significant differences between the nematode assemblages from the different sites. A total of 14 genera of PPN were identified among the three crop sites. Members of the feeding habits categories ectoparasites, semi-endoparasites, migratory endoparasites and sedentary endoparasites were observed. Statistical analysis enabled us to characterise each site based on the composition of the nematode assemblages. Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus and Nacobbus were the most frequent and abundant genera. AC and OC showed similar values of richness and diversity; the crop treated with MeBr (IC) showed the lowest diversity of PPN.

Sandstone weathering processes in the painted rock shelters of Cerro Colorado (Córdoba, Argentina) Peña Monné, José Luis; Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta; Baez, Walter Ariel; García‐Giménez, Rosario; Stábile, Franco Matías; Martínez Stagnaro, Susana Yamila; Tissera, Luis Esteban Tafoni, produced by physicochemical weathering of sandstones, are abundant in the Cerro Colorado (Córdoba province, Argentina). Many of the rock shelters are decorated with rock art of high heritage significance. This art belongs to semisedentary communities from the Late Prehispanic Period (ca. 1550–350 AP). They include morphologies inherited from more humid ancient climates combined with current weathering processes. Evolutionary relief study established that tafoni formation is a product of inherited past wetter climates. Mineralogical and petrographic analyses were performed on samples collected from the sandstones and from various morphologies, weathering residues, and wall and ceiling concretions at four rock shelters, Cueva del Indio, Ricci, Quitilipi, and La Trampa. Gypsum and other salts that are not part of the unaltered rock but the result of weathering reveal the magnitude of hydroclastic and haloclastic processes. These activities form active granular disintegration, flaking, and spalling, and impinge on some painted panels. Mapping the distribution of weathering features and processes at each rock shelter enables the planning of interventions to mitigate and alleviate the effects caused by infiltration of water through rock discontinuities, fractures, and overhangs. It also allows decreasing the accumulation of dust and minimizing muddy water flowing over the paintings. These actions are aimed at retarding the progression of rock art degradation and the visible loss of some paintings.

Escrituras rozitchnerianas del exilio; Rozitchnerian writings of exile Alfieri, Joaquín El presente trabajo intenta recuperar los escritos elaborados por León Rozitchner durante su exilio en Venezuela durante la última dictadura militar Argentina (1976-1983). Me propongo analizar dichas textualidades a partir de tres enfoques diversos: el exilio como un testimonio; el exilio como un balance; y el exilio como una traición. El artículo aborda cada una de estas perspectivas con el objeto de destacar una de las características fundamentales de la obra del autor argentino: su capacidad por desarrollar una filosofía en relación constante con los índices existenciales y los lazos vitales desde los cuales brota su escritura. El exilio, en este sentido, aparece como un ejemplo paradigmático de esta característica.; This work tries to recover the writings performed by Leon Rozitchner during his exile in Venezuela in the decade of 70s during the last Argentine military dictatorship between (1976-1983). I intend to analyze these texts from three different approaches: exile as a testimony; exile as a balance; and exile as a betrayal. The article addresses each of these perspectives in order to highlight one of the fundamental characteristics of the Argentine author's work: his capacity to develop a philosophy in constant relationship with existential index and vital ties from which writing springs. Exile, in this sense, appears as a paradigmatic example of this characteristic

Presence of the fungus-growing ant Mycetophylax morschi (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a valuable area of pampas grassland in a mountainous area in the southeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina Arcusa, Juan Manuel; Cicchino, Armando Conrado The genus Mycetophylax belongs to the subfamily Myrmicinae, tribe Attini, and is one of the lesser-known genera of fungus-growing ants. Of the three Mycetophylax species, only M. morschi was cited for Argentina. This species is also well represented in various coastal locations with sandy beaches in eastern Brazil. The present work represents the second record of the species for the Province of Buenos Aires and for Argentina and the first collection record of this species in a grassland placed in a mountainous environment.