Aportes desde la geografía para el estudio de la calidad de vida en la Patagonia Argentina a principios del siglo XXI; Contributions from geography to the study of quality of life in Argentine Patagonia at the beginning of the 21st century Perez, German Gabriel; Mare, Marcos Damian; Velázquez, Guillermo Ángel En este artículo se utiliza el Índice de Calidad de Vida (ICV) para analizar las diferencias socioeconómicas y ambientales, a escala de radios censales, de la población de la Patagonia argentina, territorio que, a pesar de encabezar el ranking nacional del ICV, posee diferencias internas muy importantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran 12 Áreas de Homogeneidad Relativa distinguidas por sus características internas y sus cualidades de organización regional. Las variables relativas a la calidad de vida, evidencian diferentes situaciones. Entre ellas destacamos: a) diferenciación entre espacios rurales de gran superficie y escasa población con respecto a las áreas urbanas que estructuran el dinamismo regional, b) gran fragmentación en las periferias urbanas en un marco de gran dinamismo demográfico, c) enclaves de explotación de recursos energéticos, minerales y turísticos y d) ciudades intermedias con peso administrativo y financiero. Todas estas disparidades, confirman la idea de una Patagonia Argentina sumamente heterogénea.; In this article, the Quality of Life Index (QLI) is used to analyze the socio-economic and environmental differences, at the census radius scale, of the population of Argentine Patagonia, a territory that, despite leading the national QLI ranking, has significant internal differences. The results obtained show 12 Areas of Relative Homogeneity distinguished by their internal characteristics and qualities of the regional organization. The variables related to the quality of life show different situations. Among them, one highlight: a) differentiation between rural spaces with a large surface area and a low population concerning urban areas that structure regional dynamism, b) significant fragmentation in urban peripheries in a context of great demographic dynamism, c) enclaves of exploitation of energy, mineral and tourist resources and d) intermediate cities with administrative and financial weight. All these disparities confirm the idea of a highly heterogeneous Argentine Patagonia.

Biotecnología, sementes trangênicas é acumulação por expropriação na Argentina (1991-2021): Dereitos de propiedade intelectual, uso própio y apropiação de renda; Biotechnology, Transgenic Seeds and Accumulation by Dispossession in Argentina (1991-2021): Intellectual Property Rights, Own Use and Income Appropiation Gómez Lende, Sebastián O capital freqüentemente usa seu controle sobre a mudanza tecnológica e os direitos de propriedade intelectual para cercear os direitos dos agricultores de cultivar, armazenar e trocar livremente suas sementes. Com foco em soja, milho e algodão, este artigo usa bibliografia acadêmica e fontes públicas, corporativas e jornalísticas para abordar a relação entre acumulação por expropriação, sementes, enclausuramento jurídico-tecnológico e extração de renda na Argentina, o terceiro maior país do mundo no que diz respeito à área semeada con culturas transgênicas. Os resultados mostram que as empresas privilegiaram nichos de mercado onde podem fazer valer seus dereitos de propriedade intelectual, utilizando para os demais casos o argumento da venda clandestina de sementes como pretexto para obrigar a os agricultores a pagar royalties pelo replantio de parte de sua colheita. Em ambos os casos, as corporaçoes aproveitaram sua dependência dos novos paquetes de biotecnologia para capturar mais renda dos mercados cativos.; The capital uses to appeal to its control over both technological change and intellectual property rights in order to enclosure the farmers to freely cultivate, stock, and exchange their seeds. By focusing on the soybean, corn and cotton cases, this paper uses scholar literature and public, corporative and journalistic data to approach the relationship between accumulation by dispossession, seeds, legal and technological enclosures and income extraction in Argentina, the third country of the world regarding area planted with GM crops. The findings show that the corporations privileged the market’s niches where can assert their intellectual property rights, using in the remaining cases the argument of seeds’ illegal sale as a pretext to inforce the farmers to pay them royalties for the reseed of their harvest. In both cases, the companies took advantage of the farmers’ dependency on the new biotechnological packages to capture more rent from captive markets.

“Era la tierra doblada con que se peleó arriesgadamente…” Paisajes de guerra y resistencia indígena en Gualfín hacia mediados del siglo XVII (Valle Calchaquí, Gobernación del Tucumán); “Era la tierra doblada con que se peleó arriesgadamente...” Warfare landscapes and indigenous resistance in Gualfín during mid-17th century (Calchaquí valley, Gobernación del Tucumán) Castellanos, María Cecilia; Villegas, Maria Paula; Williams, Veronica Isabel Los relatos coloniales sobre el valle Calchaquí a mediados del siglo XVII dan cuenta de un escenario de conflicto. Para octubre de 1659, un grupo de solados al mando de Mercado y Villacorta ingresa a territorio Gualfín dando lugar a uno de los avances más duros en el valle. En este trabajo ponemos en diálogo los relatos sobre la geografía y los paisajes referidos en las fuentes escritas a partir del derrotero que sigue el ejército español hacia estas tierras y la información producida por investigaciones arqueológicas en la zona. Dicho cruce lleva a configurar un paisaje y una geografía en guerra, dejando recuperar la capacidad de agencia de las poblaciones gualfines y la fragilidad de las alianzas establecidas. Se sugiere también un posible origen foráneo de los gualfines, así como una amplia territorialidad que incluía fondo de valle y tierras altas, articulada a partir de prácticas estacionales y redes que involucraban otros espacios y colectivos indígenas.; Colonial narratives in the mid-17th century about the Calchaquí valley reveal a scenario of conflict. By October 1659, a group of soldiers led by Mercado and Villacorta entered Gualfín territory, resulting in one of the harshest occupations in the valley. In this paper, we compare the information about geography and landscapes contained in the written sources about the entry of the Spanish army and the information produced by archaeological investigations in the area. This dialogue leads to the configuration of a landscape and geography in a war conflict context, allowing us to recover the agency of the Gualfines and to strengthen the fragility of the established alliances. We also suggest a possible foreign origin for the Gualfines, as well as a wide territoriality where valley bottom and highlands were included, and that was articulated through seasonal practices and networks involving other indigenous spaces and collectives.

Bioinspired Photocatalyzed Organic Synthetic Transformations. The Use of Natural Pigments and Vitamins in Photocatalysis Barata Vallejo, Sebastian; Yerien, Damián Emilio; Postigo, Jose Alberto Due to the necessity for more environmentally benign processes in synthetic organic chemistry, and in particular in photocatalysis, a recourse to photocatalysts that are also found in nature and mimic natural processes to accomplish organic transformations is very appealing. Synthetic useful reactions such as oxidations, reductions, carbon-oxygen, carbon-carbon and carbon-sulfur bond formation reactions, and E-to-Z geometrical isomerization reactions photocatalyzed by biological natural pigments, vitamins, cofactors, and compounds with antiviral activity will be discussed in this account. Interestingly, due to the remarkable redox properties and triplet energies of some of these catalysts that are found in nature, both electron transfer (ET)- and energy transfer (EnT)-driven photocatalytic processes can be accomplished.

Sociocartogramas en la entrevista: Instrumento para el abordaje en pequeñas localidades; Sociocartograms in the interview: Instrument for the approach in small towns Diez Tetamanti, Juan Manuel Investigar en pequeñas localidades, pueblos o aldeas, nos pone ante el desafío de cuestionar críticamente nuestras producciones de territorios, concebidas en la ciudad desde la lógica académica. Esta tarea constituye también una cuestión hermenéutica; interpretar los territorios ante sus singularidades. Esto va mucho más lejos aún, si lo hacemos desde una propuesta que considere construir planos comunes e intercambios de experiencias sensibles durante la entrevista. Para este abordaje, los sociocartogramas son un instrumento acorde. Los sociocartogramas constituyen un acto performativo en la entrevista. Su característica colectiva emerge de metodologías como la de cartografía social, y desde la perspectiva de la pesquisa cartográfica. En este artículo se presenta su génesis, argumento y método de trabajo, así como se referencian algunos casos concretos de aplicación experimental. Palabras clave: sociocartograma, metodología, pequeñas localidades, hermenéutica.; Researching in small districs, towns or villages, puts us before the challenge of critically questioning our productions of territories, conceived in the city from the academic logic. This task is also a hermeneutical question; interpret the territories in the face of their singularities. This goes much further still, if we do it from a proposal that considers building common plans and exchanges of sensitive experiences during the interview. For this approach, sociocartograms are a suitable instrument. Sociocartograms constitute a performative act in the interview. Its collective characteristic emerges from methodologies such as social cartography, and from the perspective of cartographic research. In this article its genesis, argument and working method are presented, as well as some concrete cases of experimental application are referenced. Keywords: sociocartogram, methodology, small towns, hermeneutics.

α-Linolenic acid rich-chia seed modulates visceral adipose tissue collagen deposition, lipolytic enzymes expression, insulin signaling and GLUT-4 levels in a diet-induced adiposity rodent model Aiassa, Victoria; Ferreira Cordoneda, Maria del Rosario; Villafañe, Noelia Lorena; D'alessandro, Maria Eugenia Guadalupe Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid–rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal –eWAT- and retroperitoneal –rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.

Regulación punitiva en la provincia franciscana de Toscana en 1316; Punitive regulation in the franciscan province of Tuscany in 1316 Castillo, Maria Paula El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los aspectos punitivos y disciplinares de las constituciones de la provincia Toscana producidas entre 1292 y 1316 en la Orden de los Frailes Menores, así como determinar si los conflictos que atravesaba la orden en aquellos tiempos impactaron o no en las nuevas legislaciones. Por otro lado, estudiaremos el aspecto regulatorio integral: cuándo existe una falta pasible de ser punida, qué castigo se impone y cuál es el engranaje punitivo que se pone en funcionamiento desde las autoridades locales. Se buscará también poner en diálogo las legislaciones locales y las generales de la congregación.; The article aims to analyze the punitive and disciplinary aspects of the constitutions of the Tuscan province produced between 1292 and 1316 of the Order of Friars Minor. As well as determining if the conflicts that the order was going through in those times had an impact or not on the new legislation. On the other hand, we will study the integral regulatory aspect: when there is an offense that can be punished, what punishment is imposed and what is the punitive mechanism that is put into operation by the local authorities. It will also seek to put into dialogue the local and general legislation of the congregation.

El cuidado prenatal y los determinantes sociales: estudio ecológico en Argentina; Prenatal care and social determinants: ecological study in Argentina Tumas, Natalia; Godoy, Ana Carolina; Peresini, Virginia; Peisino, María Eugenia; Boldrini, Gisela; Vaggione, Gaetano; Acevedo, Gabriel Esteban Introducción: el cuidado prenatal es un aspecto clave de salud pública, con gran impacto en la salud materna y perinatal, así como en otras etapas del ciclo vital. Sus características pueden ser variables entre y al interior de los países, y vincularse a ciertos determinantes sociales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal y analizar asociaciones entre determinantes sociales e indicadores sintéticos seleccionados del cuidado prenatal en Argentina (2010-2018). Metodología: se desarrolló un estudio ecológico de grupos múltiples (n = 24 jurisdicciones). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes secundarias: última información disponible del Sistema Informático Perinatal (2018) y censo nacional (2010). Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados de tipo jerárquico y aglomerativo (método de Ward). Se ilustró la distribución espacial de los escenarios identificados y se valoraron las diferencias entre ellos mediante la prueba ANOVA. Para estimar asociaciones entre indicadores sociales e indicadores del cuidado prenatal se propusieron modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: se identificaron cinco escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal, que revelan heterogeneidades en la distribución de indicadores de cuidado prenatal y sociales a nivel provincial. Además, el porcentaje de hogares en situación de pobreza presentó una asociación directa, en tanto el índice de desarrollo humano y la esperanza de vida al nacer una inversa con el control prenatal insuficiente. Conclusiones: existen diferentes escenarios sociosanitarios del cuidado prenatal en Argentina y ciertas características sociales de los contextos en que residen las personas podrían subyacer a su configuración.; Introduction: the prenatal care is a key aspect in public health, with great impact in maternal and perinatal health, as well as in other stages of the life cycle. The features of the prenatal care could be variable between and within countries, and be related to social determinants. The aim of this study was to identify sociosanitary scenarios of prenatal care, and to analyze associations between social determinants and selected synthetic indicators of prenatal care in Argentina (2010-2018). Methodology: A multi-group ecological study (n=24 jurisdictions) was developed. The data were obtained from secondary sources: the latest available data of the Perinatal Informatics’ System (2018) and national census (2010). A hierarchical and agglomerative cluster analysis was carried out (Ward's method). The spatial distribution of the scenarios was illustrated by a map. ANOVA test was applied to assess the differences between the identified scenarios. To estimate associations between social indicators and indicators of prenatal care, linear regression models were applied. Results: five socio-sanitary scenarios of prenatal care were identified, which reveal heterogeneities in the distribution of prenatal and social care indicators. In addition, the percentage of households living in poverty presented a direct association, and the human development index and life expectancy at birth an inverse association with insufficient prenatal care. Conclusions: different sociosanitary scenarios exist in Argentina, and some social characteristics of the contexts in which people live might underlie its configuration.

Repositioning Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2: Virtual Screening of Plant-based Anti-HIV Compounds as Possible Inhibitors against COVID-19 Viral RdRp Murali, Mahadevamurthy; Gowtham, Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy; Ansari, Mohammad Azam; Alomary, Mohammad N.; Alghamdi, Saad; Almehmadi, Mazen; Singh, Sudarshana Brijesh; Shilpa, Natarajamurthy; Aiyaz, Mohammed; Kalegowda, Nataraj; Ledesma, Ana Estela; Amruthesh, Kestur Nagaraj Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic with a high mortality and morbidity rate worldwide. The COVID-19 vaccines that are currently in development or already approved are expected to provide at least some protection against the emerging variants of the virus, but the mutations may reduce the efficacy of the existing vaccines. Purified phytochemicals from medicinal plants provide a helpful framework for discovering new therapeutic leads as they have long been employed in traditional medicine to treat many disorders. Objective: The objectives of the study are to exploit the anti-HIV bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through molecular docking studies and to evaluate the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of potential compounds. Methods: Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction of ligands with the target sites of RdRp protein (PDB: 6M71) using AutoDock Vina. The ADMET properties of potential compounds were predicted using the pkCSM platform. Results: A total of 151 phytochemicals derived from the medicinal plants with recognized antiviral activity and 18 anti-HIV drugs were virtually screened against COVID-19 viral RdRp to identify putative inhibitors that facilitate the development of potential anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. The computational studies identified 34 compounds and three drugs inhibiting viral RdRp with binding energies ranging from -10.2 to -8.5 kcal/mol. Among them, five compounds, namely Michellamine B, Quercetin 3-O-(2'',6''-digalloyl)-beta-Dgalactopyranoside, Corilagin, Hypericin, and 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose residues, bound efficiently with the binding site of RdRp. Besides, Lopinavir, Maraviroc, and Remdesivir drugs also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 polymerase. In addition, the ADMET properties of top potential compounds were also predicted in comparison to the drugs. Conclusion: The present study suggested that these potential drug candidates can be further subjected to in vitro and in vivo studies that may help develop effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.

Changing conditions for local food actors to operate towards agroecology during the COVID-19 pandemic Frank, Markus; Kaufmann, Brigitte; Ejarque, Mercedes; Lamaisón, María Guadalupe; Nessi, María Virginia; Amoroso, Mariano Martin Given the novel character of disturbances caused by the pandemic in food systems, initial studies have been conducted to stress the reinforced urgent need for food systems’ transformation toward sustainability. First assessments, conducted in the early months of the pandemic, found that local food actors responded to changing production and marketing conditions by implementing alternative practices under the umbrella of agroecology. However, given the unprecedented and dynamic character of the pandemic in regional situations, and related context-specific changes caused in food system actors’ operations, case studies are needed to assess in more detail underwhich changing conditions food actors implemented alternative practices. Moreover, the maintenance of practices as conditions normalize, and food actors’ transformative potential in relation to the principles of agroecology, need further assessment. In response to these emerging issues, we provide insights into our case study research conducted during 2021 in a local food system in Argentina. The aim of this research was to study how changing conditions triggered local food actors to (re-)frame their objectives and activities regarding marketing, and to assess the relevance of agroecological principles as a means of responding to changing conditions and to unfold longer-term transitions. We identified local producer shops (n = 5) and markets (n = 4) that were established or consolidated by self-organized producer groups (SOPGs) during the first months of the pandemic. Using semi-structured interviews with SOPG members (n = 12) and qualitative content analysis, we found that alternative practices were adopted in response to different changing conditions, and new needs and opportunities for producers and consumers brought about by the pandemic. Objectives pursued, and activities undertaken by the groups revealed reactive short-term mitigation strategies, and proactive longer-term transformative objectives. The relational analysis between practices and agroecological principles showed that the principles became important means of responding to changing conditions and to unfold longer-term transitions. The cases illustrate how local food actors operationalized agroecological principles, and in turn how principles can be used to investigate the nature and potentials of food actors’ alternative practices, highlighting the relevance of agroecology to co-design sustainabilitytransitions in local food systems and to mitigate possible future crisis.

Essential oils loaded on polymeric nanoparticles: bioefficacy against economic and medical insect pests and risk evaluation on terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms Yeguerman, Cristhian Alan; Urrutia, Rodrigo Iñaki; Jesser, Emiliano Nicolás; Massiris, Manlio; Delrieux, Claudio Augusto; Murray, Ana Paula; Werdin Gonzalez, Jorge Omar This paper introduces the lethal, sublethal, and ecotoxic effects of peppermint and palmarosa essential oils (EOs) and their polymeric nanoparticles (PNs). The physicochemical analyses indicated that peppermint PNs were polydisperse (PDI > 0.4) with sizes of 381 nm and loading efficiency (LE) of 70.3%, whereas palmarosa PNs were monodisperse (PDI < 0.25) with sizes of 191 nm and LE of 89.7%. EOs and their PNs were evaluated on the adults of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) and the larvae of Culex pipiens pipiens Say. On S. oryzae and L. serricorne, PNs increased EOs’ lethal activity, extended repellent effects for 84 h, and also modified behavioral variables during 24 h. Moreover, EOs and PNs generated toxic effects against C. pipiens pipiens. On the other hand, peppermint and palmarosa EOs and their PNs were not toxic to terrestrial non-target organisms, larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.), and nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (Blaptica dubia S.). In addition, PNs were slightly toxic to aquatic non-target organisms, such as brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.). Therefore, these results show that PNs are a novel and eco-friendly formulation to control insect pests.

Habitar en las calles de la Ciudad Buenos Aires en tiempos de pandemia Rosa, Paula Cecilia A raíz de la pandemia COVID 19 más personas y familias habitan en los espacios públicos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Si bien esta problemática, no es reciente, se ha recrudecido a partir de las consecuencias sociales que la pandemia a ha suscitado. Por esta razón, los dispositivos de atención se vieron colapsados llevando a evidenciar las falencias estructurales que el propio sistema posee. Asimismo, el aumento de la población en estas condiciones deja en evidencia la crisis habitacional que en esta ciudad se incrementa desde principios del siglo XXI.

Performance evaluation of post-grouted drilled shafts: a review Useche Infante, Danny Jose; Aiassa Martinez, Gonzalo Martin; Arrua, Pedro Ariel; Eberhardt, Marcelo Gabriel Base grouting in drilled shafts has been used to improve the foundation performance. The main objectives of this technique are to generate a preload in the base soil, induce negative friction on the pile side, and improve the soil surrounding the shaft. In recent years, new experimental and numerical studies were published, which have helped to better understand the soil–post-grouted drilled shaft interaction mechanism. Likewise, new grouting devices were developed, and design methodologies were introduced. This review paper focuses on the analysis of available approaches to investigate the performance of post-grouted drilled shafts (PGDS). The mechanisms of post-grouting of drilled shafts to improve the bearing capacity of pile foundation are discussed, and some properties of the grout typically used in this procedure (such as water–cement ratio, type of grout, etc.) are described. Based on the literature survey, this study presents the devices used to distribute the grout at the tip and side pile, the grouting techniques, and the effect of grout pressure and grout volume on pile behavior. The investigation indicated that the enhancement in pile bearing capacity is affected by the grout quantity, grouting pressure, pile dimensions, soil type, etc. Subsequently, full-scale field tests, small-scale tests, and numerical investigations publishedto analyze the performance of PGDS are summarized. Finally, the design methodologies available in the technical literature and future developments for this type of foundation are discussed.

Uso de una aplicación de tableta personalizada para evaluar la comunicación en niños con TEA: AppTEA; Use of a customized app to assess communication in children with ASD: AppTEA Guzman, Guido Benjamin; Gago Galvagno, Lucas Gustavo; Quiroz, Nicolas Hugo; Serafini, Matías; Pallia, Roberto; Risk, Marcelo El uso de dispositivos digitales para tratar a personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tiene buena aceptación, pero hasta el momento no se han registrado investigaciones en Argentina que analicen empíricamente su aporte en cuanto a los comportamientos comunicativos. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la implicación de los dispositivos digitales por lo que respecta a dos parámetros conductuales: la postura y el foco atencional de niños con TEA. Para llevarlo a cabo se analizaron 211 sesiones (vídeos) de 11 niños (edad, Media = 6.45 años, DE = 1.30) durante la utilización de la aplicación AppTEA y dispositivos tradicionales en interacciones con profesionales, en el contexto de unas actividades terapéuticas. Como resultado se encontró que en las sesiones, los niveles y las tendencias de postura y el foco atencional fueron similares, independientemente de los dispositivos empleados. Por lo tanto, si bien las tecnologías y los softwares específicos pueden complementar y apoyar los objetivos terapéuticos, no pueden sustituir el cuidado humano y el apoyo social y terapéutico para los niños.; Introduction: There are many well-established digital tools for the treatment of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but so far there no investigations in Argentina that have empirically analyzed how these tools contribute to communicative behaviors. Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the implications of digital devices for two behavioral parameters, the posture and attentional focus of children with ASD. Methods: 211 sessions with 11 children (Age, M= 6.45 years, SD = 1.30) were analyzed. The sessions consisted of the use of the AppTEA application and traditional devices in interactions with professionals, in the context of therapeutic activities. Results: It was found that in the sessions with and without the tablet, the levels and trends of posture and attention focus were similar, regardless of the devices used. Conclusion: Although specific technologies and software can complement and support therapeutic objectives, they cannot replace human care and the social and therapeutic support to children.

Directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2021 sobre el tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión: implicaciones de política para la Región de las Américas; 2021 World Health Organization guideline on pharmacological treatment of hypertension: Policy implications for the region of the Americas; Diretrizes de 2021 da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial: repercussões para as políticas na região das Américas Campbell, Norm R.C.; Paccot Burnens, Melanie; Whelton, Paul K.; Angell, Sonia Y.; Jaffe, Marc G.; Cohn, Jennifer; Espinosa Brito, Alfredo; Irazola, Vilma; Brettler, Jeffrey W.; Roccella, Edward J.; Maldonado Figueredo, Javier Isaac; Rosende, Andres; Ordunez, Pedro Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en la Región de las Américas y la hipertensión es la causa de más del 50% de ellas. En la Región, más de una cuarta parte de las mujeres adultas y cuatro de cada diez hombres adultos tienen hipertensión y su diagnóstico, tratamiento y control son deficientes. En el 2021, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicó directrices actualizadas sobre el tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión en personas adultas. En este artículo se destaca el papel facilitador de la iniciativa mundial HEARTS de la OMS y la iniciativa HEARTS en las Américas para catalizar la implementación de estas directrices, a la vez que se proporciona asesoramiento específico sobre políticas para dicha implementación y se destaca la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque estratégico general para el control de la hipertensión. Los autores instan a quienes abogan por la salud y a los responsables de las políticas a priorizar la prevención y el control de la hipertensión para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población, y a reducir las disparidades de salud en relación con las enfermedades cardiovasculares dentro de la población y entre las poblaciones de la Región de las Américas.; Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Americas and raised blood pressure accounts for over 50% of CVD. In the Americas over a quarter of adult women and four in ten adult men have hypertension and the diagnosis, treatment and control are suboptimal. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. This policy paper highlights the facilitating role of the WHO Global HEARTS initiative and the HEARTS in the Americas initiative to catalyze the implementation of this guideline, provides specific policy advice for implementation, and emphasizes that an over-arching strategic approach for hypertension control is needed. The authors urge health advocates and policymakers to prioritize the prevention and control of hypertension to improve the health and wellbeing of their populations and to reduce CVD health disparities within and between populations of the Americas.; A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de morte nas Américas, e a pressão arterial elevada é responsável por mais de 50% dos casos de DCV. Nas Américas, mais de um quarto das mulheres adultas e quatro de cada dez homens adultos têm hipertensão arterial, sendo que diagnóstico, tratamento e controle estão abaixo do ideal. Em 2021, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) divulgou uma atualização das diretrizes para o tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial em adultos. Essa publicação ressalta o papel facilitador da iniciativa Global HEARTS da OMS e da iniciativa HEARTS nas Américas para catalisar a implementação dessas diretrizes, oferece recomendações específicas de políticas para sua implementação e enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem estratégica abrangente para o controle da hipertensão arterial. Os autores clamam para que tanto as pessoas que advogam pela Saúde, quanto as autoridades responsáveis, priorizem a prevenção e o controle da hipertensão arterial como forma de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar das populações e reduzir as disparidades de saúde cardiovascular dentro das populações das Américas e entre elas.

Comentario sobre la Ordenanza 12.726 de la Ciudad de Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz sobre Malnutrición Infantil aprobada por el Consejo Municipal el 3 de setiembre de 2020; Comment on Ordinance 12.726 of the City of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz on Child Malnutrition approved by the Municipal Council on September 3, 2020 Bonet de Viola, Ana María; Marichal, Maria Eugenia; Nessier, Maria Celeste; Gigena, Julieta; Romero Mathieu, Natalia El presente comentario propone un breve análisis interdisciplinar de la Ordenanza nº 12.726 de la Ciudad de Santa Fe, sobre Malnutrición Infantil. Como principales potencialidades de esta regulación municipal, se señalan su abordaje preventivo e interdisciplinario, la referencia a normativa internacional que habilita un enfoque de derechos humanos, y el establecimiento de estrategias de producción de información como punto de partida para el tratamiento jurídico-político de la problemática de la malnutrición infantil. Se identifican como debilidades cierta desarticulación entre los objetivos y los métodos propuestos para alcanzarlos, la indefinición de los destinatarios, la identificación de principios con marco jurídico, y otras observaciones sobre los procedimientos de implementación y evaluación. Finalmente, se apuntan algunas reflexiones como perspectivas para el tratamiento de esta temática a nivel local.; This paper proposes a brief interdisciplinary analysis of Ordinance No. 12,726 of the City of Santa Fe, on Child Malnutrition. The main potentialities of this municipal regulation include its preventive and interdisciplinary approach, the reference to international regulations that enable a human rights approach, and the establishment of information production strategies as a starting point for the legal-political treatment of the problem of child malnutrition. Some disarticulation between the objectives and the methods proposed to achieve them, the lack of definition of the recipients, the identification of principles with a legal framework, and other observations on the implementation and evaluation procedures are identified as weaknesses. Finally, some reflections are pointed out as perspectives for the treatment of this issue at the local level.

Disruptive technologies in health care disenchanted: A systematic review of concepts and examples Perleth, Matthias; Di Bidino, Rossella; Huang, Li Ying; Jones, Lydia; Mujoomdar, Michelle; Myles, Susan; Pichón-riviere, Andres; Sabirin, Junainah; Schuller, Tara; Washington, Jennifer Objectives To clarify the concept of disruptive technologies in health care, provide examples and consider implications of potentially disruptive technologies for health technology assessment (HTA). Methods We conducted a systematic review of conceptual and empirical papers on healthcare technologies that are described as disruptive. We searched MEDLINE and Embase from 2013 to April 2019 (updated in December 2021). Data extraction was done in duplicate by pairs of reviewers utilizing a data extraction form. A qualitative data analysis was undertaken based on an analytic framework for analysis of the concept and examples. Key arguments and a number of potential predictors of disruptive technologies were derived and implications for HTA organizations were discussed. Results Of 4,107 records, 28 were included in the review. Most of the papers included conceptual discussions and business models for disruptive technologies; only few papers presented empirical evidence. The majority of the evidence is related to the US healthcare system. Key arguments for describing a technology as disruptive include improvement of outcomes for patients, improved access to health care, reduction of costs and better affordability, shift in responsibilities between providers, and change in the organization of health care. A number of possible predictors for disruption were identified to distinguish these from sustaining innovations. Conclusions Since truly disruptive technologies could radically change technology uptake and may modify provision of care patterns or treatment paths, they require a thorough evaluation of the consequences of using these technologies, including economic and organizational impact assessment and careful monitoring.

The influence of palaeogeography and tectonic events on trilobite distributions in Morocco and northwestern Algeria Bault, Valentin; Crônier, Catherine; Bignon, Arnaud Marcel Jacques The effects of sea-level changes and anoxia on Devonian trilobites have been studied for a long time, but the importance of palaeogeographic and tectonic events in this key-period is still not well understood. In the Devonian Period, trilobites invaded many different marine environments and areas in North Africa where important palaeogeographic changes occurred. Distribution patterns of trilobites through time and space have been analysed using a hierarchical cluster analysis and diversity indices. Our examination of the literature suggests that trilobites were scarce during Lochkovian time before an important diversification in Pragian time. Trilobites flourished in many North African regions without there being important taxonomic differences between basins, because of free migration in relatively flat palaeo-topography and homogeneous environments. During Middle Devonian time, early Variscan tectonic movements transformed the eastern Anti-Atlas area into a basin with a platform topography. Geographical barriers such as deep basins prevented trilobite migrations. At the beginning of Eifelian time, the reduction in migration between the different regions of this area coincided with a decrease in diversity. Consequently, tectonic events played an important role in the decline of trilobites during Middle Devonian time, especially when these were combined with sea-level changes and anoxic/hypoxic events. A recovery occurred in Famennian time involving only new genera. As at the global scale, cyrtosymbolines developed in shallow seas, whereas phacopids evolved in deeper environments. The basin and platform system still hampered migrations, although sea-level variations led to episodic exchanges. The late Famennian regression reduced trilobite diversity dramatically in the study area.

Asymmetric architecture is non-random and repeatable in a bird's nests Citizen Scientists; Adreani, Mauricio Nicolas; Valcu, Mihai; Mentesana, Lucia; Sorroche, Silvina Andrea; Martina, Daniela Veronica; Bender, Benjamin Bilateral, or left–right, asymmetry has evolved independently in many life forms and can be randomly, genetically or environmentally determined1. In a population, the frequency of left and right phenotypes can vary randomly or be fixed depending on, for example, their adaptive value1. Bilateral asymmetry has been described and quantified in individual morphological or behavioral traits, such as internal organ asymmetry or handedness1–3, but rarely in extended phenotypes. Bilateral asymmetry is present in animal architecture, such as snail shells or bird nests. How common and important asymmetry is in animal architecture remains to be quantified4. Here, we use a citizen-science approach to quantify the occurrence of left–right asymmetry in the complex nest of a bird, the rufous hornero (Furnarius rufus). We assess the possible evolutionary mechanisms underlying asymmetric nest architecture and predict a genetic underpinning.

Electrocorticography is superior to subthalamic local field potentials for movement decoding in Parkinson's disease Merk, Timon; Peterson, Victoria; Lipski, Witold J.; Blankertz, Benjamin; Turner, Robert S.; Li, Ningfei; Horn, Andreas; Richardson, Robert Mark; Neumann, Wolf-Julian Brain signal decoding promises significant advances in the development of clinical brain computer interfaces (BCI). In Parkinson’s disease (PD), first bidirectional BCI implants for adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) are now available. Brain signal decoding can extend the clinical utility of adaptive DBS but the impact of neural source, computational methods and PD pathophysiology on decoding performance are unknown. This represents an unmet need for the development of future neurotechnology. To address this, we developed an invasive brain-signal decoding approach based on intraoperative sensorimotor electrocorticography (ECoG) and subthalamic LFP to predict grip-force, a representative movement decoding application, in 11 PD patients undergoing DBS. We demonstrate that ECoG is superior to subthalamic LFP for accurate grip-force decoding. Gradient boosted decision trees (XGBOOST) outperformed other model architectures. ECoG based decoding performance negatively correlated with motor impairment, which could be attributed to subthalamic beta bursts in the motor preparation and movement period. This highlights the impact of PD pathophysiology on the neural capacity to encode movement vigor. Finally, we developed a connectomic analysis that could predict grip-force decoding performance of individual ECoG channels across patients by using their connectomic fingerprints. Our study provides a neurophysiological and computational framework for invasive brain signal decoding to aid the development of an individualized precision-medicine approach to intelligent adaptive DBS.