Presencia del Inca en Yocavil (Catamarca, Argentina). Integración en la diversidad; Inca presence in Yocavil (Catamarca, Argentina). Integration in diversity Tarrago, Myriam Noemi; Marchegiani, Marina Ines; Palamarczuk, Valeria; Reynoso, Alejandra Daniela Se ofrece una síntesis sobre las particularidades de la pre sencia incaica en el sur de Yocavil (Catamarca, Argentina), ponderando las características de las instalaciones imperiales, la alfarería incaica que circuló en la región y la relevancia del Qhapaq Ñan como eje integrador. Esta síntesis integra nueva información sobre instalaciones relevantes como El Calvario de Fuerte Quemado y Punta de Balasto. Se reflexiona sobre las características de las interacciones entre las sociedades locales y el Estado incaico en expansión, privilegiando el estudio de los procesos de cambio a partir de la posición de las sociedades dominadas.; This is a synthesis on the main features of the Inca presence in area of southern Yocavil (Catamarca, Argentina), that considers imperial settings, Inca pottery that circulated in the region and the relevance of Qhapaq Ñan as an integrating axis. This synthesis includes new information regarding relevant settings such as El Calvario de Fuerte Quemado and Punta de Balasto. There is a reflection on the characteristics of interactions between local societies and the expanding Inca State, focusing on the study of the processes of change from the position of dominated societies.

Impact of level and patterns of alcohol drinking on coronary heart disease and stroke burden in Argentina Bardach, Ariel Esteban; Caporale, Joaquín Enzo; Rubinstein, Adolfo Luis; Danaei, Goodarz Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are expected to increase in Latin America. Moderate and regular alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular protection, while binge drinking increases risk. We estimated the effects of alcohol use on the number of annual CHD and stroke deaths and disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs) in Argentina. Methods Alcohol use data were obtained from a nationally representative survey (EnPreCosp 2011), and etiological effect sizes from meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. Cause-specific mortality rates were from the vital registration system. Results There were 291,475 deaths in 2010 including 24,893 deaths from CHD and 15,717 from stroke. 62.7% of men and 38.7% of women reported drinking alcohol in the past year. All heavy drinkers (i.e. women who drank <20g/day and men who drank <40g/day of alcohol) met the definition of binge drinking and therefore did not benefit from cardioprotective effects. Alcohol drinking prevented 1,424 CHD deaths per year but caused 935 deaths from stroke (121 ischemic and 814 hemorrhagic), leading to 448 CVD deaths prevented (58.3% in men). Alcohol use was estimated to save 85,772 DALYs from CHD, but was responsible for 52,171 lost from stroke. Conclusions In Argentina, the cardioprotective effect of regular and moderate alcohol drinking is slightly larger than the harmful impact of binge drinking on CVD. However, considering global deleterious effects of alcohol in public health, policies to reduce binge drinking should be enforced, especially for young people. Studies are still needed to elucidate effects on cardiovascular health.

Soymilk fermentation by Enterococcus faecalis VB43 leads to reduction in the immunoreactivity of allergenic proteins β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) Biscola, V.; Rodríguez de Olmos, Antonieta; Choiset, Y.; Rabesona, H.; Garro, Marisa Selva; Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz; Chobert, J. M.; Drouet, M.; Haertlé, T.; Franco, B. D. G. M. Food allergies represent a serious problem affecting human health and soy proteins rank among the most allergenic proteins from food origin. The proteolytic enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can hydrolyse the major allergens present in soybean, reducing their immunoreactivity. Many studies have reported the ability of LAB to ferment soy-based products; while the majority of them focus on the improvement of the sensory characteristics and functionality of soy proteins, a lack of information about the role of lactic fermentation in the reduction of immunoreactivity of these proteins exists. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of the proteolytic strain Enterococcus faecalis VB43 to hydrolyse the main allergenic proteins present in soymilk and to determine the immunoreactivity of the obtained hydrolysates. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results of fermented soymilk demonstrated complete hydrolysis of the β-subunit from β-conglycinin and the acidic polypeptide from glycinin. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis of the peptides released after hydrolysis revealed the appearance of new peptides and the disappearance of non-hydrolysed proteins, indicating extensive hydrolysis of the substrate. Results from competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests clearly indicated a reduction in the immunoreactivity (more than one logarithmic unit) in the fermented sample as compared to the non-fermented control. Our results suggest that the soymilk fermented by E. faecalis VB43 may induce lower allergic responses in sensitive individuals. The strain E. faecalis VB43 may be considered as an excellent candidate to efficiently reduce the immunoreactivity of soymilk proteins.

Metals in tidal flats colonized by microbial mats within a South-American estuary (Argentina) Serra, Analia Veronica; Botté, Sandra Elizabeth; Cuadrado, Diana Graciela; la Colla, Noelia Soledad; Negrin, Vanesa Lorena In this study, we measured the concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Hg, Mn, and Fe) and assessed the characteristics of tidal flats (grain size and organic matter content) in sediments and their overlying microbial mats fractions to evaluate the anthropogenic impact within the Bahía Blanca Estuary (BBE). Puerto Rosales (PR) and Almirante Brown (AB), located in the middle and inner zone of the estuary, respectively, were used as sampling sites. Sediments were composed mainly of silt?clay in AB, whereas first fine-grained particles were coarser in depth in PR. Regarding the concentration of metals in both fractions, we found differences between sites: There were higher concentrations of overall metals in AB relative to PR. In addition, higher concentrations of Cu were recorded in the first centimeters of AB tidal flats, whereas higher concentration of Cd were recorded in microbial mats of PR. Considering that the grain size was similar between sites, these results are consistent with the high concentration of organic matter found in AB, probably because this site is close to a former municipal dump and sewage discharges. Also, the higher Cd content found in PR site would highlight both the influence of untreated urban discharges and port anthropogenic activities. In conclusion, this study allowed identifying high values of some metals in the presence of microbial mats in the BBE, thus suggesting a possible interaction between both, at least for metals like Cu or Cd.

A Novel Genetic Screen Identifies Modifiers of Age-Dependent Amyloid β Toxicity in the Drosophila Brain Belfiori Carrasco, Lautaro Francisco; Marcora, Maria Silvina; Bocai, Nadia Irina; Ceriani, Maria Fernanda; Morelli, Laura; Castaño, Eduardo Miguel The accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients begins many years before clinical onset. Such process has been proposed to be pathogenic through the toxicity of Aβ soluble oligomers leading to synaptic dysfunction, phospho-tau aggregation and neuronal loss. Yet, a massive accumulation of Aβ can be found in approximately 30% of aged individuals with preserved cognitive function. Therefore, within the frame of the "amyloid hypothesis", compensatory mechanisms and/or additional neurotoxic or protective factors need to be considered and investigated. Here we describe a modifier genetic screen in Drosophila designed to identify genes that modulate toxicity of Aβ42 in the CNS. The expression of Aβ42 led to its accumulation in the brain and a moderate impairment of negative geotaxis at 18 days post-eclosion (d.p.e) as compared with genetic or parental controls. These flies were mated with a collection of lines carrying chromosomal deletions and negative geotaxis was assessed at 5 and 18 d.p.e. Our screen is the first to take into account all of the following features, relevant to sporadic AD: (1) pan-neuronal expression of wild-type Aβ42; (2) a quantifiable complex behavior; (3) Aβ neurotoxicity associated with progressive accumulation of the peptide; and (4) improvement or worsening of climbing ability only evident in aged animals. One hundred and ninety-nine deficiency (Df) lines accounting for ~6300 genes were analyzed. Six lines, including the deletion of 52 Drosophila genes with human orthologs, significantly modified Aβ42 neurotoxicity in 18-day-old flies. So far, we have validated CG11796 and identified CG17249 as a strong candidate (whose human orthologs are HPD and PRCC, respectively) by using RNAi or mutant hemizygous lines. PRCC encodes proline-rich protein PRCC (ppPRCC) of unknown function associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma. HPD encodes 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a key enzyme in tyrosine degradation whose Df causes autosomal recessive Tyrosinemia type 3, characterized by mental retardation. Interestingly, lines with a partial Df of HPD ortholog showed increased intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 that coincided with geotaxis impairment. These previously undetected modifiers of Aβ42 neurotoxicity in Drosophila warrant further study to validate their possible role and significance in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.

Cícadas, fósiles vivientes del reino vegetal Martinez, Leandro Carlos Alcides; Artabe, Analia Emilia Eva La historia de un grupo de plantas presente en la Tierra desde hace casi 300Ma, por lo que podemos ver a sus integrantes actuales como fósiles vivientes.

What is a singular black hole beyond General Relativity? Bejarano, Cecilia Soledad; Olmo, Gonzalo J.; Rubiera Garcia, Diego Exploring the characterization of singular black hole spacetimes, we study the relation between energy density, curvature invariants, and geodesic completeness using a quadratic f (R) gravity theory coupled to an anisotropic fluid. Working in a metric-affine approach, our models and solutions represent minimal extensions of General Relativity (GR) in the sense that they rapidly recover the usual Reissner-Nordstrom solution from near the inner horizon outwards. The anisotropic fluid helps
modify only the innermost geometry. Depending on the values and signs of two parameters on the gravitational and matter sectors, a breakdown of the correlations between the finiteness/divergence of the energy density, the behavior of curvature invariants, and the (in)completeness of geodesics is obtained. We find a variety of configurations with and without wormholes, a case with a de Sitter interior, solutions that mimic non-linear models of electrodynamics coupled to GR, and configu-
rations with up to four horizons. Our results raise questions regarding what infinities, if any, a quantum version of these theories should regularize.

ChIP-seq analysis of the LuxR-type regulator VjbR reveals novel insights into the Brucella virulence gene expression network Kleinman, Claudia L.; Sycz, Gabriela; Bonomi, Hernán R.; Rodríguez, Romina M.; Zorreguieta, Angeles; Sieira, Rodrigo LuxR-type transcription factors control diverse physiological functions necessary for bacterial adaptation to environmental changes. In the intracellular pathogen Brucella, the LuxR homolog VjbR has been shown to regulate the expression of virulence factors acting at early stages of the intracellular infection and, directly or indirectly, hundreds of additional genes. However, the precise determination of VjbR direct targets has so far proved elusive. Here, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of VjbR followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We detected a large amount of VjbR-binding sites distributed across the Brucella genome and determined a markedly asymmetric binding consensus motif, an unusual feature among LuxR-type regulators. RNA-seq analysis performed under conditions mimicking the eukaryotic intracellular environment revealed that, among all loci associated to VjbR-binding, this regulator directly modulated the expression of only a subset of genes encoding functions consistent with an intracellular adaptation strategy for survival during the initial stages of the host cell infection. Other VjbR-binding events, however, showed to be dissociated from transcription and may require different environmental signals to produce a transcriptional output. Taken together, our results bring new insights into the extent and functionality of LuxR-type-related transcriptional networks

Brain structural changes in patients in the early stages of multiple sclerosis with depression Rojas, J. I.; Sánchez, Francisco; Patrucco, L.; Miguez, J.; Besada, C.; Cristiano, Edgardo Some studies suggest an inflammatory mechanism associated with the presence of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, there is little data concerning these findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of brain structural changes in patients with MS and depression and to compare them with patients suffering from MS without depression and healthy controls. Methods: A case-control study that included patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) defined by validated criteria, over 18 years of age, with less than three years from disease onset, EDSS ≤ 3, with no history of previous depression and under immunomodulatory treatment with interferon beta, if any. A control group paired by age and gender was also included. Patients were clinically assessed to determine the presence of depression. Demographic clinical and structural aspects of parameters from the scan, such as lesion volume, total brain volume (TBV), white matter volume (WMV), neocortical gray matter volume (NGMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were analyzed. Results: Sixty-five individuals were enrolled: 20 healthy controls, 22 patients with MS without depression, and 23 patients with MS with depression. Patients with MS and depression showed a lower TBV (P = 0.01), NGMV (0.01) together with an increase in lesion burden in T2 (P < 0.01) but not in T1 (P = 0.09) and no differences in global FA among groups (P = 0.23) and in WMV (P = 0.12). Conclusion: Patients with RRMS and depression had a reduced total brain volume and a significantly increased lesion burden at T2 MR than patients with RRMS without depression.

Corporate Credit Spreads and the Sovereign Ceiling in Latin America Grandes, Martin; Panigo, Demian Tupac; Pasquini, Ricardo Aníbal We exploit a panel of 72 US dollar-denominated bonds issued by Latin American publicly listed firms between 1996 and 2004, a period of regional financial crises, to answer the following three questions: (1) Is sovereign risk a statistically and economically significant determinant of the corporate credit spread, controlling for firm- and bond-specific characteristics? (2) If yes, do market participants apply the sovereign ceiling rule adopted by rating agencies in the pricing of our bond market data? And (3) how do market views compare with the rating agencies ceiling policy for each corporate bond? We find strong evidence of an economically and statistically significant effect of sovereign risk on corporate spreads across different panel econometric specifications and bonds. Moreover, markets do not apply the ceiling rule in 77–90% of the bonds we sample and these findings are consistent with rating agencies’ policies toward the latter for about 50% of the firms. These results are robust to the inclusion of firm- and bond-specific variables derived from the structural approach to credit risk and to the business cycle in each country.

Cianobacterias Toxígenas: Estudios Taxonómicos y Fisiológico-Moleculares de cepas filamentosas formadoras de floraciones presentes en cuerpos de agua someros Aguilera, Anabella Las cianobacterias son organismos procariotas, capaces de efectuar fotosíntesis con liberación de O2, que forman parte del fitoplancton de todos los tipos de cuerpos de agua continentales. Algunas especies producen "floraciones algales" que son proliferaciones masivas, relativamente repentinas y espacialmente restringidas, protagonizadas por una o pocas especies, que dominan el fitoplancton. Las floraciones de cianobacterias son nocivas porque intervienen especies capaces de sintetizar cianotoxinas y metabolitos volátiles. Consecuentemente, representan un serio problema ecológico, económico y sanitario. Para asegurar la calidad de los recursos hídricos destinados al consumo o la recreación, es necesario poder identificar las especies de cianobacterias presentes así como su capacidad de producir toxinas. Asimismo, es de vital importancia comprender los factores que promueven la dominancia en sistemas eutróficos.En este trabajo de tesis se analizó, en primer lugar, la distribución geográfica de las floraciones de cianobacterias y sus toxinas en los cuerpos de agua continentales de Argentina. Por otro lado, se dieron a conocer los taxa de cianobacterias planctónicas presentes en la laguna somera Los Patos, (Ensenada, Provincia de Buenos Aires) y se estudió la influencia de los factores ambientales sobre la dinámica del fitoplancton dominado por cianobacterias filamentosas. Se realizó además, el aislamiento de dos cepas nativas de Raphidiopsis mediterranea y una de Planktothrix agardhii, provenientes de muestras ambientales de dos lagunas someras de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (laguna Los Patos y de los Padres) y su caracterización ultraestructural, molecular y toxicológica, mediante análisis polifásicos. Asimismo, se estudió el efecto de dos intensidades lumínicas y de dos concentraciones de fosfato sobre las densidades y la morfología de poblaciones de R. mediterranea y P. agardhii creciendo en co-cultivo. Adicionalmente, se analizó la respuesta de cultivos monoalgales de R. mediterranea y P. agardhii aisladas de Los Patos, ante condiciones de deficiencia de fosfato. Por último, utilizando ensayos de laboratorio, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de nutrientes y de dos intensidades lumínicas sobre la estructura, cambios morfológicos y crecimiento de una comunidad fitoplanctónica, dominada por cianobacterias filamentosas no heterocísticas, tomada del lago Javier (Canelones, Uruguay).Los resultados de este trabajo indican que las floraciones nocivas de cianobacterias se localizan a lo largo y ancho de nuestro país, desarrollándose en cuerpos de agua lóticos y lénticos, siendo Microcystis, y en menor medida Dolichospermum, Raphidiopsis, Cylindrospermopsis y Planktothrix, los géneros más frecuentes. Las concentraciones de microcistinas en cuerpos de agua utilizados como fuente de agua de consumo y recreación, en muchas ocasiones, superan los límites sugeridos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los resultados de los experimentos con comunidades naturales provenientes del lago Javier, indicaron que la interacción entre los nutrientes y la intensidad lumínica promueve cambios en la dominancia de las cianobacterias filamentosas. Las especies Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon aff. gracile del Orden Nostocales presentaron una plasticidad fenotípica mayor que los taxa filamentosos no heterocísticos del Orden Oscilatoriales y Synechoccocales. Estos resultados ayudan a entender las condiciones ambientales que pueden determinar la dominancia de las Nostocales.El fitoplancton de la laguna Los Patos se caracterizó por la presencia de floraciones de P. agardhii, las cuales se alternaron con floraciones de especies Nostocales, en particular R. mediterranea. La temperatura, la disponibilidad de luz y de nutrientes fueron los factores principales que determinaron la alternancia y la dominancia P. agardhii y R. mediterranea. La información obtenida a partir de los experimentos con cultivos mixtos y monoalgales resultó de utilidad para interpretar los patrones de alternancia y dominancia observados en la laguna Los Patos. Estos ensayos aportaron información sobre cómo los caracteres eco-fisiológicos pueden explicar la coexistencia de las cianobacterias filamentosas formadoras de floraciones. En particular, permitieron demostrar que R. mediterranea presenta cierto grado de plasticidad fenotípica y flexibilidad fisiológica en relación con la luz y la asimilación de fósforo, lo que podría explicar, en parte, la co-existencia bajo la dominancia de P. agardhii. Por último, los caracteres morfológicos, moleculares y ultraestucturales fueron congruentes entre sí en cuanto a la asignación de una de las cepas a la especie P. agardhii. Por otro lado, las filogenias construidas en base a secuencias de distintos marcadores moleculares revelaron que las cepas de C. raciborskii y Raphidiopsis (R. mediterranea, R. curvata y R. brookii) conforman un grupo con altos valores de soporte estadístico. La posición en los árboles filogenéticos (siempre juntas) podría deberse a una divergencia reciente de las especies (o cepas o ecotipos) y sugiere, además, que la emergencia del carácter autapomórfico que define a Raphidiopsis (ausencia de heterocistos) podría ser la consecuencia de eventos independientes. El presente estudio es una contribución a la elucidación de la clasificación taxonómica de los géneros Raphidiopsis y Cylindrospermopsis dado que complementa trabajos previos y da lugar a nuevos interrogantes sobre el estatus de los mismos.

Poor geotaxis correlated with hematoporphyrin-induced peroxidation of brain lipids as a predictor of medfly longevity reduction Bochicchio, Pablo Alejandro; Pérez, Martín Mariano; Quesada Allue, Luis Alberto; Rabossi, Alejandro Under illumination conditions, porphyrins generate cytotoxic radicals in cells. Our study evaluated the effects of haematoporphyrin IX (HP IX) in a laboratory population of male Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) during exposure to a low fluence rate (39 lE m 2 s 1) of light. We found that exposing flies to HP IX for at least 5 days was sufficient to cause irreversible damage that led to anticipated death, as also provoked by chronic exposure to the same concentration. To identify early indicators of the accelerated senescence, we analysed both in vitro and in vivo parameters. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the heads of treated flies revealed a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxides at day 10, whereas this occurred several days later in controls. In addition, a significant decrease in glycogen content was observed at 15 days of age, 5 days before the reduction observed in the control group. This decrease has been associated with a decline in locomotor activity. Differences in the distribution of flies in the rearing flasks were observed, reflecting an impairment of the motility and climbing capacity of HP IX-treated flies. This finding was also corroborated by a geotactic response assay (a rapid iterative negative geotaxis or RING assay). The results presented here demonstrate that low-lethal oxidative stress can anticipate the senescence of flies, which can be predicted using a simple and fast behavioural test, such as the RING assay.

Enhancing energy harvesting by coupling monostable oscillators Peña Rosselló, Julián Ignacio; Wio, Horacio Sergio; Deza, Roberto Raul; Hänggi, Peter The performance of a ring of linearly coupled, monostable nonlinear oscillators is optimized towards its goal of acting as energy harvester – through piezoelectric transduction – of mesoscopic fluctuations, which are modeled as Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noises. For a single oscillator, the maximum output voltage and overall efficiency are attained for a soft piecewise-linear potential (providing a weak attractive constant force) but they are still fairly large for a harmonic potential. When several harmonic springs are linearly and bidirectionally coupled to form a ring, it is found that counter-phase coupling can largely improve the performance while in-phase coupling worsens it. Moreover, it turns out that few (two or three) coupled units perform better than more.

Loschmidt echo in many-spin systems: A quest for intrinsic decoherence and emergent irreversibility Zangara, Pablo René; Pastawski, Horacio Miguel If a magnetic polarization excess is locally injected in a crystal of interacting spins in thermal equilibrium, this 'excitation' would spread as consequence of spin-spin interactions. Such an apparently irreversible process is known as spin diffusion and it can lead the system back to 'equilibrium'. Even so, a unitary quantum dynamics would ensure a precise memory of the non-equilibrium initial condition. Then, if at a certain time, say , an experimental protocol reverses the many-body dynamics by changing the sign of the effective Hamiltonian, it would drive the system back to the initial non-equilibrium state at time t. As a matter of fact, the reversal is always perturbed by small experimental imperfections and/or uncontrolled internal or environmental degrees of freedom. This limits the amount of signal M(t) recovered locally at time t. The degradation of M(t) accounts for these perturbations, which can also be seen as the sources of decoherence. This general idea defines the Loschmidt echo (LE), which embodies the various time-reversal procedures implemented in nuclear magnetic resonance. Here, we present an invitation to the study of the LE following the pathway induced by the experiments. With such a purpose, we provide a historical and conceptual overview that briefly revisits selected phenomena that underlie the LE dynamics including chaos, decoherence, localization and equilibration. This guiding thread ultimately leads us to the discussion of decoherence and irreversibility as an emergent phenomenon. In addition, we introduce the LE formalism by means of spin-spin correlation functions in a manner suitable for presentation in a broad scope physics journal. Last, but not least, we present new results that could trigger new experiments and theoretical ideas. In particular, we propose to transform an initially localized excitation into a more complex initial state, enabling a dynamically prepared LE. This induces a global definition of the LE in terms of the raw overlap between many-body wave functions. Our results show that as the complexity of the prepared state increases, it becomes more fragile towards small perturbations.

Human breast adipose tissue: characterization of factors that change during tumor progression in human breast cancer Fletcher, Sabrina Johanna; Sacca, Paula Alejandra; Pistone Creydt, Mercedes; Coló, Federico Andrés; Serra, María Florencia; Santiano, Flavia Eliana; Sasso, Corina Verónica; López Fontana, Constanza Matilde; Caron, Ruben Walter; Calvo, Juan Carlos; Pistone Creydt, Virginia Adipose microenvironment is involved in signaling pathways that influence breast cancer. We aim to characterize factors that are modified: 1) in tumor and non tumor human breast epithelial cell lines when incubated with conditioned media (CMs) from human breast cancer adipose tissue explants (hATT) or normal breast adipose tissue explants (hATN); 2) in hATN-CMs vs hATT-CMs; 3) in the tumor associated adipocytes vs. non tumor associated adipocytes. We used hATN or hATT- CMs on tumor and non-tumor breast cancer cell lines. We evaluated changes in versican, CD44, ADAMTS1 and Adipo R1 expression on cell lines or in the different CMs. In addition we evaluated changes in the morphology and expression of these factors in slices of the different adipose tissues. The statistical significance between different experimental conditions was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post-hoc tests were performed within each individual treatment. hATT-CMs increase versican, CD44, ADAMTS1 and Adipo R1 expression in breast cancer epithelial cells. Furthermore, hATT-CMs present higher levels of versican expression compared to hATN-CMs. In addition, we observed a loss of effect in cellular migration when we pre-incubated hATT-CMs with chondroitinase ABC, which cleaves GAGs chains bound to the versican core protein, thus losing the ability to bind to CD44. Adipocytes associated with the invasive front are reduced in size compared to adipocytes that are farther away. Also, hATT adipocytes express significantly higher amounts of versican, CD44 and Adipo R1, and significantly lower amounts of adiponectin and perilipin, unlike hATN adipocytes. We conclude that hATT secrete a different set of proteins compared to hATN. Furthermore, versican, a proteoglycan that is overexpressed in hATT-CMs compared to hATN-CMs, might be involved in the tumorogenic behavior observed in both cell lines employed. In addition, we may conclude that adipocytes from the tumor microenvironment show a less differentiated state than adipocytes from normal microenvironment. This would indicate a loss of normal functions in mature adipocytes (such as energy storage), in support of others that might favor tumor growth.

Hipertiroidismo en un paciente canino con carcinoma folicular tiroideo; Canine hyperthyroidism in a patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma Maurenzig, Nelson Damian; Koscinczuk, Patricia; Polo, M. V.; Cainzos, Romina Paola La glándula tiroides, no es palpable en perros bajo condiciones normales, pero, ante la presencia de tumores, se perciben sin dificultad. Los tumores tiroideos representan el 1-4% de todas las neoplasias caninas. Lamayoria de las veces la presentación clínica es de eutiroideos o hipotiroideos. Solo cerca del 10% de los casos exhiben hipertiroidismo, generalmente asociado a cáncer tiroideo. El objetivo del trabajo es describir un caso de neoplasia de tiroides en un canino, macho de 10 años, de raza indefinida, que llegó a la consulta por presentar una deformación en la región ventro cervical y manifestar signos de poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia, pérdida de peso y disfagia, entre otros. Se realizó la palpación de la región cervical y se obtuvo muestra de la masa por punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) que evidencio un carcinoma. Se extrajo muestra de sangre para el análisis de hemograma, bioquímica sérica y medición de hormona T4 libre, la cual se encontró aumentada, confirmando el diagnostico de hipertiroidismo. Además se efectuó una ecografía de la región del cuello y se obtuvo una imagen compatible con neoplasia tiroidea en el lóbulo izquierdo. El histopatológico realizado posterior a la tiroidectomía izquierda estableció que el carcinoma era del tipo folicular. Los incrementos anormales de la tiroxinemia confirman el diagnostico de hipertiroidismo, y debería sospecharse de un carcinoma funcional como causa. Estas neoplasias suelen presentarse en la edad media o avanzada. En pocos perros hipertiroideos, la masa cervical es la primera anormalidad advertida y el motivo para buscar atención médica. Ante tal circunstancia se recomienda la evaluación, en especial si el propietario refiere la presencia de signos adicionales.; The thyroid gland, when normal, is not palpable in dogs, but in the presence of tumors, generally malignant, it is easy to identify. Thyroid tumors represent 1-4% of all canine cancers, mainly producing euthyroid or hypothyroid situations. About 10% of the cases show signs of hyperthyroidism, almost always associated with thyroid cancer. The aim is to describe a case of thyroid neoplasm and hyperthyroidism in a 10-year-old male canine. The main issue was the presence of a mass in the ventral cervical region and the presence of clinical signs of hyperthyroidism such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss and dysphagia, among others. Palpation of the cervical region was performed, and a sample of the mass was obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytologic exam. Carcinomatous cells were identified in the cytology. A sample of blood was drawn for blood cell count, serum biochemistry and measurement of free T4 hormone, which was increased, confirming the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. An ultrasound of the neck region was also performed. A mass on the left thyroid lobe, compatible with thyroid neoplasia was found. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Unusual, increased levels of free T4 confirmed the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, which should be suspected to be related to a functional carcinoma.

Marxismo y cuestión nacional Kohan, Néstor Boris El artículo explora la relación entre el marxismo y la cuestión nacional desde una óptica latinoamérica. Señala que puede apreciarse un viraje teórico dentro de la obra de Karl Marx, desde las investigaciones que realizó a partir de la década de los cincuenta del siglo xix. Dicho cambio en la mirada que Marx tuvo de las naciones periféricas fue abandonado por aquellos que trataron de desarrollar su legado teórico. Empero, el artículo avanza en la comprensión de la originalidad de algunos marxistas latinoamericanos como Ernesto Che Guevara o José Carlos Mariateguí para recuperar el sentido anti-imperialista de las luchas latinoamericanas en las cuales una figura como la de Simón Bolívar se vuelve fundamental para entender el devenir de las luchas de liberación en esta región.; The article explores the relationship between Marxism and the national question from a Latin American perspective. Notes that can be seen a theoretical shift in the work of Karl Marx, which from investigations carried out from the fifties of the nineteenth century. This change in the look that Marx had peripheral nations was abandoned by those who tried to develop their theoretical legacy. However, the article advances in the understanding of the originality of some Latin American Marxists like Ernesto Che Guevara or Jose Carlos Mariategui to recover the anti-imperialist struggles of the Latin American sense in which a figure like Simon Bolivar becomes essential to understand the future of the liberation struggles in this region.

Immobilization of a microbial consortium on Ca-alginate enhances degradation of cationic surfactants in flasks and bioreactor Bergero, Maria Fernanda; Liffourrena, Andres Sebastian; Opizzo Balza, Bianca; Fochesatto, A.S.; Lucchesi, Gloria Ines Free cells and Ca-alginate encapsulated cells of Aeromonas hydrophila MFB03 removed in shake flasks up to 65% of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) 30 mg l−1. While planktonic cells were unable to utilize 50 mg l−1 benzalkonium chloride (BAC) after 48 h of incubation, the immobilized cells of A. hydrophila MFB03 removed up to 90% of BAC (25–210 mg l−1) in the same period. A microbial immobilized consortium formed by A. hydrophila MFB03 and Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) was able to degrade, after 24–30 h, 65% of TTAB and 100% of BAC, both added at 50 mg l−1. BAC was completely removed by the consortium encapsulated in a stirred tank bioreactor at 30 °C, 100 rpm and 0.024 g beads ml−1 of medium, after 12 h of incubation; reaching a degradation rate five times greater than the one obtained in shake flasks (0.415 vs. 0.089 mg−1 h−1, respectively). The system completely removed, with the same efficiency, 50 mg l−1 of BAC for 3 consecutive cycles. These results indicate that the use of Ca-alginate beads containing cells of the consortium can be considered a proper method to achieve degradation of cationic surfactants.

Formation of secondary organic aerosols from the ozonolysis of dihydrofurans Díaz de Mera, Yolanda; Aranda Rubio, Alfonso; Bracco, Larisa Laura Beatriz; Rodríguez, Diana; Rodríguez, Ana In this work we report the study of the ozonolysis of 2,5-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydrofuran and the reaction conditions leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. The reactions have been carried out in a Teflon chamber filled with synthetic air mixtures at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The ozonolysis only produced particles in the presence of SO2. Rising relative humidity from 0 to 40% had no effect on the production of secondary organic aerosol in the case of 2,5-dihydrofuran, while it reduced the particle number and particle mass concentrations from the 2,3-dihydrofuran ozonolysis. The water-to-SO2 rate constant ratio for the 2,3-dihydrofuran Criegee intermediate was derived from the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields in experiments with different relative humidity values, kH2O/kSO2 = (9.8 ± 3.7) × 10-5. The experimental results show that SO3 may not be the only intermediate involved in the formation or growth of new particles in contrast to the data reported for other Criegee intermediate-SO2 reactions. For the studied reactions, SO2 concentrations remained constant during the experiments, behaving as a catalyst in the production of condensable products. Computational calculations also show that the stabilised Criegee intermediates from the ozonolysis reaction of both 2,5-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydrofuran may react with SO2, resulting in the regeneration of SO2 and the formation of low-volatility organic acids.

Desplazamientos paradigmáticos en la filosofía argentina: Del paradigma normalizador a la filosofía de la liberación Aguer, Bárbara; Lucía Belloro Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio en el que nos proponemos realizar un recorrido por las principales tradiciones que forjaron la disciplina filosófica en la academia argentina durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En este caso en particular realizaremos un doble recorte de este este ambicioso proyecto. Por un lado, nos centraremos en dos paradigmas filosóficos específicos: el paradigma de la normalidad filosófica y el de la filosofía de la liberación. En este sentido, el acento estará puesto en reconstruir los movimientos institucionales y discursivos supuestos en la construcción del paradigma de la normalidad que tramó la emergencia de la profesionalización del campo de la filosofía entre los años 1930 y 1940 y su transformación durante la década de 1970 con la emergencia del movimiento de la filosofía de la liberación. Por otro lado, en un segundo nivel de análisis, consideraremos otras dimensiones específicas para comprender los desplazamientos producidos entre estos paradigmas filosóficos: el rol del/la filósofa/a, la conformación del sujeto filosófico, la concepción de práctica filosófica y la geopolítica del conocimiento (Mignolo, 2010) que cada uno de ellos supone.