Referencias de índice de masa corporal: precisión diagnóstica con área grasa braquial en escolares argentinos; Body mass index references: diagnostic accuracy with theupper-arm fat area in Argentine school children Lomaglio, Delia Beatriz; Marrodán Serrano, María Dolores; Dipierri, José Edgardo; Alfaro Gómez, Emma Laura; Bejarano, Ignacio Felipe; Cesani Rossi, María Florencia; Dahinten, Silvia Lucrecia V.; Garraza, Mariela; Menecier, Natalia; Navazo, Bárbara; Quintero, Fabian Anibal; Román, Estela María; Torres, María Fernanda; Zonta, Maria Lorena El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es una eficaz herramienta para detectar la sobrecarga ponderal en niños y adolescentes, asociado a la adiposidad corporal. Objetivo. Analizar la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de tres referencias internacionales de IMC/edad (OMS, IOTF y CDC) para diagnosticar el exceso ponderal y conocer su precisión diagnóstica para identificar el exceso de adiposidad con relación al área grasa braquial (AGB) en población infanto juvenil de Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo-comparativo y transversal entre 2003 y 2008, en 22.658 niños y adolescentes argentinos de 4 a 13 años de edad. A partir del peso, talla, circunferencia del brazo y pliegue tricipital, se calcularon IMC y AGB. Se analizó la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de referencias de IMC/edad (OMS, CDC, IOTF) y la precisión diagnóstica (curvas ROC) para identificar exceso de adiposidad, a partir del AGB, así como el punto de corte óptimo (PCO). Resultados. Las tres referencias tuvieron buena concordancia. La mayor sensibilidad correspondió a OMS y la mayor especificidad a IOTF. El área bajo la curva (ABC) fue mayor en Z-IMC/IOTF en varones y en Z-IMC/OMS en mujeres. Los PCO mostraron discrepancias, siendo mayores con OMS. Conclusión. Las tres referencias muestran similar precisión diagnóstica para detectar alta reserva calórica, con puntos de corte óptimo para las puntuaciones Z-IMC menores a 2 Z scores. Esto resulta relevante para la identificación de exceso de adiposidad en poblaciones, en relación con la implementación de políticas públicas de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.; Introduction: The body mass index (BMI) is an effective tool to detect weight overload in children and adolescents, associated with body adiposity. Objective. To analyze the concordance, sensitivity and specificity of three international BMI/age references (WHO, IOTF and CDC) to diagnose excess weight and to know their diagnostic accuracy to identify excess adiposity in relation to the brachial fat area (BFA) in Argentine child-youth population. Materials and methods. A multicenter, descriptive-comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out between 2003 and 2008 in 22.658 Argentine children and adolescents between aged 4 to 13 years. From the weight, height, arm circumference and tricipital fold, BMI and BFA were calculated. The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of BMI / age references (WHO, IOTF, CDC,) were analyzed and the diagnostic precision (ROC curves) to identify excess adiposity, from the BFA, as well as the optimal cut-off point (OCP). Results. The three references had good agreement, the highest sensitivity corresponded to WHO and the highest specificity to IOTF. The area under the curve (AUC) was greater in Z-BMI/IOTF in men and in Z-BMI/WHO in women. The OCPs showed discrepancies, being higher with WHO. Conclusion. The three references show similar diagnostic accuracy to detect high caloric reserve, but with cut-off points for Z-BMI scores less than 2 Z scores. This is relevant for the identification of excess adiposity in populations in relation to the implementation of public policies for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.

A mid-fidelity numerical method for blood flow in deformable vessels Mansilla Alvarez, Luis Alonso; Bulant, Carlos Alberto; Ares, G. D.; Feijóo, Raúl Antonino; Blanco, P. J. In this work, a novel fluid–structure interaction algorithm for the simulation of blood flow in three-dimensional deformable vessels is addressed. The method extends the mid-fidelity strategy named as Transversally Enriched Pipe Element Method, extensively tested as an efficient approach to simulate the blood flow under rigid wall hypothesis, by taking into account the distensibility of the lumen boundary by means of an independent ring structural model. The Navier–Stokes equations, in Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework, are used as the governing equations for the blood flow dynamics, the vessel wall mechanics is represented through an elastic constitutive law, and the fluid domain deformation problem is explicitly solved by exploiting the layered structure of the geometry discretization associated to the mid-fidelity model. The result is an approximation strategy able to take into account the wall deformation at nearly zero added cost when compared with a rigid wall model. An extensive numerical validation and verification of the proposed methodology is reported employing simple domains and complex patient-specific geometries to highlight the potential for real applications.

Proyecciones probabilísticas de la población argentina; Probabilistic projections of the Argentine population Andreozzi, Lucía En este trabajo se aplican modelos para datos funcionales (MDF) a las cifras de mortalidad y fecundidad de Argentina para obtener sus correspondientes pronósticos probabilísticos y a partir de ellos, proyecciones de población. Este ejercicio resulta interesante frente a las dificultades presentadas en la ronda censal 2020, ya que podría aportar cifras provisorias ante la espera de su realización definitiva. La aplicación de estos modelos a datos de Argentina en base a datos del periodo 1980-2010, año del último censo disponible, demuestra que cuando se cuenta con información para períodos no muy extensos de tiempo y una calidad aceptable de las fuentes de datos, se pueden emplear con éxito para realizar pronósticos probabilísticos. En segundo lugar, se aplica a datos de mortalidad la metodología alternativa de pronósticos coherentes con el fin de evitar una divergencia entre ambos géneros. Finalmente, a partir de los pronósticos de fecundidad (basados en dos hipótesis de fecundidad) y de mortalidad (independientes y coherentes) se elaboran pronósticos estocásticos de la población para hombres y mujeres. En todos los casos evaluados las cifras estimadas se encuentran por encima de las oficiales. Los resultados aquí obtenidos presentan valores coherentes con la teoría demográfica y principalmente garantizan la consistencia probabilística.; In this study, models for functional data (MDF) are applied to the mortality and fertility data from Argentina to obtain their corresponding probabilistic forecasts and, from them, population pro- jections. This exercise is interesting given the difficulties presented in the 2020 census round, as it could provide provisional figures pending its final completion. The application of these models to data from Argentina based on data from the period 1980-2010, the year of the last available census, shows that when there is information for not very long periods of time and an acceptable quality of the data sources, can be used successfully to make probabilistic forecasts. Second, the alternative consistent forecasting methodology is applied to mortality data in order to avoid a divergence between the two genders. Finally, from the fertility forecasts (based on two fertility hypotheses) and mortality (independent and coherent), stochastic forecasts of the population for men and women are elaborated. In all the cases evaluated, the estimated quantities are above the official ones. The results here are consistent with demographic theory and mainly correspond to probabilistic consistency.

The Virtual Museum and Female Joy in Argentina: An Exploration of the Revolt Losiggio, Daniela; Taccetta, Natalia Roberta In reviewing the theory of the museum, art historian Griselda Pollock proposes a “virtual feminist museum,” a gallery that does not exist but proves formidable indeed. According to Pollock, the institutions where art circulates are governed by patriarchal logics of exhibition and conservation. In Walter Benjamin’s terms, Pollock offers a rewriting of art history and a critique of art and society that reveals a historical problem. In the light of these considerations, this article considers the potential contents of a virtual Latin American feminist museum. The widespread Argentine feminist movement #NiUnaMenos (2015) and National Campaign for the Right to Safe, Free, and Legal abortion (since 2005) yielded a vast corpus of images. Through them, this article explores a series of issues at stake in the women networks operating in Latin America today. These pages highlight the pathos of female enjoyment, especially visible in the images: glitter and makeup, nudity and joy.; En passant en revue la théorie du musée, l’historienne de l’art Griselda Pollock propose un «musée féministe virtuel», c’est-à-dire une sorte de galerie matériellement inexistante mais pratiquement formulable. Selon Pollock, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les institutions à travers lesquelles l’art circule sont régies par une logique patriarcale d’exposition et de conservation. En termes de Walter Benjamin, Pollock propose une réécriture de l’histoire de l’art et une critique - de l’art et du social - qui permet de signaler un problème historique. À la lumière de ces considérations, nous nous interrogeons ici sur le contenu d’un musée féministe virtuel latino-américain. La popularisation du mouvement féministe argentin du #NiUnaMenos (2015) et la massification de la Campaña Nacional por el Derecho al Aborto Seguro, Legal y Gratuito (2005) (Campagne nationale pour le droit à un avortement sûr, légal et gratuit) ont produit un immense corpus d’images artistiques et amateurs qui permettent d’explorer une série de problématiques de femmes et de réseaux queers dans la réalité de l’Amérique latine actuelle. Nous aimerions en ces pages mettre en évidence le pathos de la jouissance féminine, lisible surtout dans les images : paillettes et maquillage, nudité et joie.

Les traditions de savoirs dans la culture du manioc en Argentine: Techniques, agriculteurs et la constitution d’un réseau de variétés; Knowledge traditions in cassava cultivation in Argentina: Technicians, farmers and the building of a variety network; Tradiciones de conocimiento en el cultivo de la mandioca en Argentina: Técnicos, agricultores y la constitución de una red de variedades Padawer, Ana A diferencia de otros países de América Latina, la mandioca en Argentina ha sido poco estudiada, probablemente porque se trata de un cultivo de una zona económicamente marginal del país. Sin embargo, el interés ha crecido en los últimos años, a partir de su inclusión en programas de desarrollo destinados a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los pequeños agricultores criollos y las comunidades Mbyà-Guaraní en la selva paranaense, así como por el uso agroindustrial de la raíz tuberosa. Este artículo trata sobre la confluencia de las tradiciones de conocimiento de los técnicos y los agricultores de mandioca en Argentina, cuyo resultado es la configuración de lo que denomino como una «red heterogénea de variedades» que se identifican como aquellas cultivadas más habitualmente. Los linajes genealógicos de las variedades de mandioca que componen esta red son resultado de las tensiones y asimetrías epistemológicas derivadas de las relaciones humanas con el cultivo (vínculos de domesticación selectivos en el caso de los técnicos, y coleccionistas en el caso de los agricultores). Este artículo presenta, además del método y del trabajo de campo, la descripción de las variedades de mandioca, y el análisis de las tradiciones vernáculas y tecnocientíficas de la identificación de variedades de mandioca.; Unlike other Latin American countries, cassava in Argentina has been rarely studied, probably because it is a crop from an economically marginal area of the country. However, interest has increased in recent years, since its inclusion in development programmes aimed at improving the living conditions of small-scale criollo farmers and Mbyà-Guaraní communities in the Parana jungle, as well as in connection with the agro-industrial use of the tuberous root. This paper focuses on the meeting of different traditions of knowledge, that of the technical staff and that of the cassava farmers in Argentina. The result is what we call a “heterogeneous network of varieties” usually grown. The cassava variety lines that make up this network are a result of the epistemological tensions and asymmetries associated with human relations with plant cultivation (selective domestication links by technicians and farmers who act as lineage curators). This article presents, in addition to a description of the method and the fieldwork, a description of the cassava varieties, and an analysis of the vernacular and techno-scientific traditions of cassava variety identification.; À la différence d’autres pays d’Amérique latine, le manioc en Argentine a été peu étudié, probablement parce qu’il s’agit d’une culture d’une zone économiquement marginale du pays. Toutefois, l’intérêt a augmenté depuis son inclusion ces dernières années dans des programmes de développement destinés à améliorer les conditions de vie des petits agriculteurs criollos et les communautés Mbyà-Guaraní dans la forêt tropicale du Paraná, ainsi qu’en lien avec l’utilisation agro-industrielle de la racine tubéreuse. Cet article porte sur la rencontre de différentes traditions de connaissance, celle du personnel technique et celle des agriculteurs de manioc. Les variétés de manioc les plus usuellement cultivées, telles qu’elles sont identifiées par les agriculteurs et les techniciens concernés, forment ce que nous nommons un « réseau hétérogène de variétés ». L’enquête ethnographique menée montre que ce réseau est le résultat de tensions et d’asymétries épistémologiques qui découlent de la domestication sélective réalisée par des techniciens et des agriculteurs qui agissent en conservateurs de lignées. Cet article présente, outre l’exposé de la méthode et du terrain, la description des variétés de manioc, ainsi que l’analyse des traditions vernaculaire et technoscientifique d’identification des variétés.

Evaluation of cytotoxic effect against tumour cells of the acidic polysaccharides of the fungus nothophellinus andinopatagonicus Albornoz, Veronica; Casas Arrojo, Virginia; Figueroa, Fabián; Hernandez, Victor Guillermo; Pérez, Claudia; Rajchenberg, Mario; Smith, Carlos T.; Becerra, José; Cabrera Pardo, Jaime R.; Campos, Víctor L.; Abdala Díaz, Roberto Teófilo Fungal polysaccharides possess an important bioactive potential, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The aim of this work was to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against tumour and non-tumour cell lines acidic polysaccharides (NAAPs) of the fungus Nothophellinus andinopatagonicus. The effect of NAAPs on tumour cells lines was evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The analyses determined that glucose was the most abundant monomer and IR spectrum showed the typical peaks of β-glucans in the NAAPs. The cell viability assays revealed significant activity of NAAPs against HL-60, HCT-116 and MCF-7 tumour cell lines (IC50 = 767,16 µg mL-1 , 1256 µg mL-1 and 4241,7 µg mL-1 , respectively); but a much lower cytotoxicity against the non-tumour cell line HGF-1 (outside the range of the highest concentration tested (>10 mg mL-1 )). NAAPs affected the cell cycle of HL-60 tumour cells, increasing the percentage of cells in the sub G1 phase and reducing it in the S/G2/M phases. Moreover, low concentrations of NAAPs also showed an effective cytotoxic activity against tumour cell lines while the non-tumour cell line was unaffected, maintaining a viability close to 100%. The antioxidant activity of the highest NAAPs concentration tested was 6.24% and 4.63%, for DPPH and ABTS method, respectively.

La municipalidad de Paraná: contexto, actores y aspectos económicos (1860-1862); Municipality of Parana: Context, Actors and Economic Aspects (1860-1862) Kozul, Pedro Rodolfo El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las relaciones forjadas entre la municipalidad de Paraná con otras autoridades y actores locales, como también, con el gobierno provincial de Entre Ríos, durante el proceso de organización del estado nacional argentino. Reconstruimos sus tipos de ingresos, servicios y establecimientos que tuvo a su cargo, los problemas que debió afrontar y los perfiles de sus municipales. Además, consideramos las importantes transformaciones jurisdiccionales que experimentó esta ciudad tras la federalización de su territorio. Argumentamos que la municipalidad fue el primer cuerpo colegiado, con recursos propios y elegido por la comunidad de Paraná; cuyos miembros acompañaron la adquisición de potestades y prerrogativas que intentó concentrar una institución totalmente nueva en el espacio rioplatense.; This article seeks to analyze the relationships forged between the municipality of Parana and other authorities and local actors, as well as the provincial government of Entre Rios, during the organization of the Argentine national state. We reconstruct their types of income, services, and sites for which they were responsible, the problems they had to address and the profiles of their municipalities. In addition, we examine the major jurisdictional transformations this city experienced after the federalization of its territory. We argue that the municipality was the first collegiate body, with its own resources and elected by the community of Parana, whose members accompanied the acquisition of powers and prerogatives that sought to concentrate a totally new institution in the River Plate area.

Not all zombies are created equal. A Marxist-Minskyan taxonomy of firms: United States, 1950-2019 Aguila, Nicolas; Graña, Juan Martin The ‘zombie’ literature emphasizes the financial characteristics of firms and focuses on financial channels to explain their rise. This is incomplete because it conflates together firms with very different productive characteristics. Drawing on Marx and Minsky’s insights, we build a taxonomy of firms showing both their productive and financial characteristics based on the rate of profit of enterprise and the interplay between its three determinants: the profit rate, the difference between the profit and the interest rate, and the leverage ratio. Considering the different possible combinations of these variables, we classify firms into seven types: normal and regular small capitals (hedge finance); speculative small, super small, and leveraged small capitals (speculative finance); and financially stressed small and zombie capitals (Ponzi finance). We show the composition and evolution of U.S. listed firms as well as relevant descriptive statistics by type of firm from 1950 to 2019. Our main finding is that the principal problem of U.S. firms is productive, not financial, as there is a high share of firms with increasingly negative profitability even before the payment of interest and despite having relatively low leverage.

Pandemic and social protest in Latin America: Trends, actors and demands of social and labor conflict in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. 2019-2020; Pandemia y protesta social en América Latina: Tendencias, actores y demandas de la conflictividad social y laboral en Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Colombia. 2019-2020 Nava, Agustín; Grigera, Juan Francisco En este artículo presentaremos un mapa de la protesta social en Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Colombia durante el periodo 2019-2020, exponiendo desde un abordaje cuantitativo las tendencias, intensidades, formatos, actores y demandas de la conflictividad social y laboral. El objetivo es, en primer lugar, pensar en términos comparativos cuáles son los cambios y continuidades de la conflictividad social y laboral en el escenario post-pandemia. Por otro lado, buscamos también dar cuenta de cuáles son las tendencias comunes y disimilitudes de la protesta social en cada uno de los países de América Latina seleccionados.; This article maps social protest in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia during the 2019-2020 period, exposing, from a quantitative approach, the trends, intensity, formats, actors and demands of social and labor conflict. The purpose is to analyze the relationship between social protest and pandemics from a broad time frame (2019-2020) and in comparative terms. The objective is to think about the changes and continuities of social and labor conflict in the post-pandemic scenario. In addition, it also seeks to account for the common trends and dissimilarities of social protest in the selected cases.

Llorando en el espejo: poéticas y políticas sexuales de la belleza en el cine; Crying in front of the mirror: sexual politics of beauty in cinema Kratje, Julia Este artículo se propone indagar un conjunto de problemas en torno a la figuración de la belleza femenina en el cine argentino contemporáneo. Para ello, se toma en consideración la historia de los certámenes regionales, las condiciones de visibilidad de los cuerpos y la crítica de los parámetros estéticos convencionales. El objetivo es analizar comparativamente los documentales La Reina (2013), de Manuel Abramovich, y La más bella niña (2004), de Mariano Llinás, a la luz de diversas producciones fílmicas argentinas e internacionales que ponen en escena nuevas derivas para enfocar viejas preguntas alrededor de la política sexual de la belleza.; This article aims to study a set of problematics related to the representation of female beauty in contemporary Argentine cinema focusing on the history of regional beauty pageants, the way bodies are displayed, and the critique of conventional aesthetic parameters. The objective is to comparatively analyze the documentaries la Reina (2013), by Manuel Abramovich, and La más bella niña (2004), by Mariano Llinás, which demonstrate new approaches to old questions about the sexual politics of beauty.

Combining deep learning with SUPPOSe and compressed sensing for SNR-enhanced localization of overlapping emitters Lacapmesure, Axel Mauro; Brinatti Vazquez, Guillermo Daniel; Mazzeo, Alejandro; Martinez, Sandra Rita; Martinez, Oscar Eduardo We present gSUPPOSe, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, gradient-based implementation of the SUPPOSe algorithm that we have developed for the localization of single emitters. We study the performance of gSUPPOSe and compressed sensing STORM (CS-STORM) on simulations of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) images at different fluorophore densities and in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio conditions.We also study the combination of these methods with prior image denoising by means of a deep convolutional network. Our results show that gSUPPOSe can address the localization of multiple overlapping emitters even at a low number of acquired photons, outperforming CS-STORMin our quantitative analysis and having better computational times. We also demonstrate that image denoising greatly improves CS-STORM, showing the potential of deep learning enhanced localization on existing SMLM algorithms. The software developed in this work is available as open sourcePython libraries.

Concentration of current-use pesticides in frogs from the Pampa region and correlation of a mixture toxicity index with biological effects Brodeur, Julie Céline; Damonte, Maria Jimena; Rojas, Dante Emanuel; Cristos, Diego Sebastián; Vargas, Claudia Vanesa; Poliserpi, Maria Belen; Andriulo, Adrian Enrique Contamination with current-use pesticides is frequently mentioned as a key factor in global amphibian declines although a limited number of studies have examined the mixture of pesticides accumulated by free-living frogs. This study examined the presence of 46 different pesticide residues in the muscle and kidney tissues of two frog species living in close association with row crops in the Pampa region of Argentina: The terrestrial Leptodactylus latinasus and the semi-aquatic Leptodactylus latrans. A total of 20 different pesticides were identified in frog tissues; chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and acetochlor being the most frequently detected molecules. Overall, one or more pesticide residues (up to 12 in a single frog) were detected in 40–57 % of L. latrans. L. latinasus was found to present more pesticide detections than L. latrans. Interestingly, frog sampled in a natural reserve where no pesticides are applied presented an equivalent frequency of detections as frogs living near a crop. In L. latrans, the calculation of a pesticide toxicity index (PTI) permitted to highlight the existence of a strong positive correlation between PTI and liver GSH contents of females whereas, in males, PTI was negatively correlated with the perimeter of testicular seminiferous tubules. Males also presented near significant negative correlations between PTI and both body condition and the scaled fat index. These results indicate that frogs inhabiting agricultural regions are exposed to a complex and diffuse contamination by pesticide mixtures which is likely responsible for a number of biological effects that may be relevant at the population level.

Metabolic adaptations in an endocrine-related breast cancer mouse model unveil potential markers of tumor response to hormonal therapy Araújo, Rita; Fabris, Victoria Teresa; Lamb, Caroline Ana; Lanari, Claudia Lee Malvina; Helguero, Luisa Alejandra; Gil, Ana M. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and, in most cases, it is hormone-dependent (HD), thus relying on ovarian hormone activation of intracellular receptors to stimulate tumor growth. Endocrine therapy (ET) aimed at preventing hormone receptor activation is the primary treatment strategy, however, about half of the patients, develop resistance in time. This involves the development of hormone independent tumors that initially are ET-responsive (HI), which may subsequently become resistant (HIR). The mechanisms that promote the conversion of HI to HIR tumors are varied and not completely understood. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolic adaptations accompanying this conversion through the analysis of the polar metabolomes of tumor tissue and non-compromised mammary gland from mice implanted subcutaneously with HD, HI and HIR tumors from a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced BC mouse model. This was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of tissue polar extracts and data mining through multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Initial results unveiled marked changes between global tumor profiles and non-compromised mammary gland tissues, as expected. More importantly, specific metabolic signatures were found to accompany progression from HD, through HI and to HIR tumors, impacting on amino acids, nucleotides, membrane percursors and metabolites related to oxidative stress protection mechanisms. For each transition, sets of polar metabolites are advanced as potential markers of progression, including acquisition of resistance to ET. Putative biochemical interpretation of such signatures are proposed and discussed.

Serendipity and adaptation in New World marsupial evolution Martin, Gabriel Mario; Brand, Cecilia; Monjeau, Jorge Adrian This is the frst study analyzing the distribution of New World marsupials and their relationship to climatic zones on a continental scale. We describe the distribution at diferent taxonomic categories (order, subfamily, tribe, genus) and their presence within climates, and discuss these patterns considering two diferent processes: serendipity or adaptation (i.e., a serendipitous process afects a taxon older than the climate it inhabits, or afects a taxon younger than the climate it inhabits but without the evolution of new traits; an adaptation process afects a taxon in a climate with the evolution of new traits). Living Didelphimorphia included the highest richness and least functional redundancy in Tropical climates at the four taxonomic categories studied; living Paucituberculata was mostly represented in Temperate climates, and living Microbiotheria was exclusively represented in Temperate climates. The most restrictive climates grouped generalized forms (e.g., scansorial animalivores) with a high order richness, but high functional redundancy and low richness for all the other taxonomic categories (i.e., subfamily, tribe, genus). Also, climates which favor complex habitats (e.g., tropical, subtropical and temperate forests) have a higher richness and functional redundancy, while simple habitats resulting from drier and/or colder climates have less specialized forms, albeit taxonomically singular (e.g., Lestodelphys, Chacodelphys, Caenolestes). Highly seasonal climates grouped generalized taxa with high functional redundancy, and convergent adaptations (e.g., caudal fat storage, torpor or hibernation), while stable climates over long periods of time, acted as diversifcation centers for New World marsupials, especially Didelphimorphia.

Brechas y concentración de la información: un estudio sobre agendas, encuadres y consumos de noticias sobre vacunas en el marco del Covid-19 en la Argentina; News Gap and media concentration: a study about agendas, frames and news consumption on vaccines during Covid-19 in Argentina Zunino, Esteban El presente trabajo analiza las agendas mediáticas sobre el proceso de vacunación contra el Covid-19 en los principales medios digitales de la Argentina y el consumo de esas noticias en la red social Facebook, la de mayor penetración a nivel global. A partir de un análisis de contenido sobre las noticias más relevantes sobre el tema en los diarios digitales y sobre las que mayor nivel de involucramiento generaron en los usuarios determinó: 1) la composición temática de ambas agendas; 2) la presencia de actores y puntos de vista en las noticias; 3) los atributos afectivos predominantes en el tratamiento informativo y en la agenda de los públicos; y 4) los encuadres que moldearon la información en cada una de las plataformas. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de brechas entre la oferta informativa y el consumo de noticias, en un marco de una fuerte concentración de las lecturas entre las principales empresas mediáticas del país.; This paper analyzes the media agendas on the vaccination process against Covid-19 in the main digital media in Argentina and the consumption of these news on Facebook, the main world´s social network. From a content analysis on the most relevant news in digital media on the subject and on those with the highest level of engagement, it was intended to determine: 1) the thematic composition of both agendas; 2) the differential presence of actors and points of view in the news; 3) the predominant affective attributes in the media treatment and in the public agenda; and 4) the frames that shaped the information in each of the platforms. The results show the existence of news gaps in terms of topics and frames, in a context of a heavily concentrated media environment.

COVID-19 in Latin America: The effects of an unprecedented crisis on employment and income Beccaria, Luis Alberto; Bertranou, Fabio; Maurizio, Roxana del Luján América Latina experimentó durante 2020 una crisis laboral sin precedentes como consecuencia de la pandemia por COVID-19. Este artículo analiza los impactos de la pandemia sobre la dinámica del empleo y los ingresos, y las políticas implementadas por los países de la región. Se observa una drástica contracción del empleo, de las horas trabajadas y de los ingresos como consecuencia de la fuerte reducción del nivel de actividad económica. Estos impactos han sido desigualadores y el sendero de recuperación está siendo acompañado de una amplificación de brechas laborales y de ingresos entre los diferentes grupos de población.

Functional Microbes and Their Incorporation into Foods and Food Supplements: Probiotics and Postbiotics Puntillo, Melisa Anahí; Segli, Julio Franco; Champagne, Claude; Raymond, Yves; Vinderola, Celso Gabriel Life expectancy has dramatically increased over the past 200 years, butmodern life factors such as environmental exposure, antibiotic overuse,C-section deliveries, limited breast-feeding, and diets poor in fibers andmicrobes could be associated with the rise of noncommunicable diseasessuch as overweight, obesity, diabetes, food allergies, and colorectal canceras well as other conditions such as mental disorders. Microbial interventionsthat range from transplanting a whole undefined microbial community froma healthy gut to an ill one, e.g., so-called fecal microbiota transplantationor vaginal seeding, to the administration of selected well-characterizedmicrobes, either live (probiotics) or not (postbiotics), with efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, may be effective tools to treat or prevent acute andchronic diseases that humans still face, enhancing the quality of life.

Kinship and post-marital residence in native populations of the South American Chaco Varela, Hector Hugo; Cocilovo, Jose Alberto; Valdano, Silvia The genetic structure, kinship and type of post-marital residence are studied in four native groups of the Gran Chaco, through the analysis of somatometric traits. The sample used was published by Lehmann-Nitsche (1907) and is represented by 158 individuals of both sexes. To meet the objectives, methods and techniques of multivariate statistics and population genetics of quantitative traits were applied. The results show a genetic divergence (FST) of 0.047, a greater kinship between chorote and mataco, a significant isolation of the chiriguano, an important interaction of the chorote with the rest of the groups, a greater regional mobility of males than of the women, and a matrilocal or bilocal post-marital residence system.

On regular graphs equienergetic with their complements Podesta, Ricardo Alberto; Videla Guzman, Denis Eduardo We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters of a regular graph Γ (with or without loops) such that (Formula presented.). We study complementary equienergetic cubic graphs obtaining classifications up to isomorphisms for connected cubic graphs with single loops (5 non-isospectral pairs) and connected integral cubic graphs without loops ((Formula presented.) or (Formula presented.)). Then we show that, up to complements, the only bipartite regular graphs equienergetic and non-isospectral with their complements are the crown graphs (Formula presented.) or (Formula presented.). Next, for the family of strongly regular graphs Γ we characterize all possible parameters (Formula presented.) such that (Formula presented.). Furthermore, using this, we prove that a strongly regular graph is equienergetic to its complement if and only if it is either a conference graph or else it is a pseudo Latin square graph (i.e. has OA parameters). We also characterize all complementary equienergetic pairs of graphs of type (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) in Cameron's hierarchy (the cases (Formula presented.) in the non-bipartite case and (Formula presented.) are still open). Finally, we consider unitary Cayley graphs over rings (Formula presented.). We show that if R is a finite Artinian ring with an even number of local factors, then (Formula presented.) is complementary equienergetic if and only if (Formula presented.) is the product of 2 finite fields.

Duplex coatings of cerium and epoxy modified with polypyrrole and silver nanoparticles formed onto AZ91D Mg alloy; Recubrimientos dobles de cerio y epoxi modificados con polipirrol y nanopartículas de plata formados sobre la aleación de Mg AZ91D Loperena, Ana Paula; Lehr, Ivana Leticia; González, María Belén; Brugnoni, Lorena Inés; Saidman, Silvana Beatriz Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical characteristics similar to those of human bone, Mg alloys are a promising alternative as materials for the fabrication of temporary implants. However, its high rate of degradation in a physiological environment prevents their use in these applications. In order to increase the corrosion resistance of the Mg AZ91D alloy in a simulated physiological environment, double cerium and modified epoxy coatings were generated. As a first step, polypyrrole (PPy) modified with silver nanoparticles was chemically synthesized from pyrrole (Py), Ag-NO3 and Ce(SO4)2. Two sizes of nanoparticles were synthesized by varying the concentration of AgNO3 used for the synthesis of the powders. It was verified that the compounds have bactericidal properties against the Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). From these results, a duplex coating was formed onto the AZ91D Mg alloy and then it was modified with the synthesized powders. The coating consisted of an inner cerium-based film and an epoxy film on top, 1 wt.% of the bactericidal composites was added to the resin before its application. Electrochemical analysis as anodic polarization, Tafel polarization curves, variation of the open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy (EIS) verified that the modified coatings were able to protect the alloy against corrosion in simulated physiological solution. The attained protection degree is attributed to the anticorrosive properties of both films and to the presence of polypyrrole (PPy) in the composite, which contributes to maintain the alloy in the passive state. At the same time, the addition of the composite confers antibacterial properties to the coating, which were evaluated through the Kirby-Bauer technique against bacteria E. coli.